森林乔木冠层雨水再分配特征及机制研究综述
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摘要
森林乔木冠层对降雨的再分配具有重要的水文生态意义,有助于定量评价不同区域、尺度、类型的森林冠层雨水利用效率,可为深入研究森林冠层变化对区域水分循环的调节作用提供科学依据。文中从森林冠层雨水截留、林内穿透雨、树干茎流和林下凋落物截留4个方面评述了近20年来国内外对森林乔木冠层影响雨水再分配的研究最新进展。研究认为,由于森林冠层雨水再分配的生态机理仍未明晰,因此建立精确度高的截留模型仍将作为此类研究的重难点之一;引入激光雷达技术获得森林冠层三维结构,以及多角度、多通道的多种传感器观测垂直空间多层次的森林冠层雨水再利用规律将会成为未来的研究方向之一;目前林冠雨水截留研究缺乏其与区域水文变化之间的关联性研究,将林冠雨水再分配研究的成果转化为区域水文问题的解决方案也将会是未来研究的趋势之一。
The forest canopy is of great eco-hydrological value to rainfall redistribution,which is helpful to quantitatively evaluate the rainwater utilization efficiency in forest canopy of different regions,scales and types. Moreover,it also can provide a scientific support for the study of the regulation effect of forest canopy changes on regional water cycle. This paper reviewed the recent researches on rainfall redistribution in forest canopy from the 4 aspects of forest canopy interception of rainfall,throughfall in forest,stemflow and understorey litter interception. It was thought that the unclear mechanism of rain redistribution in the forest canopy makes the construction of high-precision interception models one of difficulties found in the research,and the introduction of laser radar technology to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the forest canopy and the observation of rainwater re-use law in the vertical and multi-level forest canopy with sensors at multiple angles and through multiple channels will be one of the future research directions. At present,there is lack of research on the connection between forest canopy interception of rainwater and regional hydrological change,and thus converting the forest canopy rainwater redistribution research result to the solution to regional hydrological problem will also be one of the future research area.
The forest canopy is of great eco-hydrological value to rainfall redistribution,which is helpful to quantitatively evaluate the rainwater utilization efficiency in forest canopy of different regions,scales and types. Moreover,it also can provide a scientific support for the study of the regulation effect of forest canopy changes on regional water cycle. This paper reviewed the recent researches on rainfall redistribution in forest canopy from the 4 aspects of forest canopy interception of rainfall,throughfall in forest,stemflow and understorey litter interception. It was thought that the unclear mechanism of rain redistribution in the forest canopy makes the construction of high-precision interception models one of difficulties found in the research,and the introduction of laser radar technology to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the forest canopy and the observation of rainwater re-use law in the vertical and multi-level forest canopy with sensors at multiple angles and through multiple channels will be one of the future research directions. At present,there is lack of research on the connection between forest canopy interception of rainwater and regional hydrological change,and thus converting the forest canopy rainwater redistribution research result to the solution to regional hydrological problem will also be one of the future research area.
引文
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