改进模糊数学法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用
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摘要
在土壤重金属污染评价中,重金属污染因子权重是影响土壤环境质量评价结果的关键因素。以花溪区城郊菜地土壤中Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、As和Hg为污染因子,运用最小信息熵原理,将"超标倍数法"与"双权重超标赋权法"组合成综合权重以改进传统模糊综合评价模型。改进模型结果显示,31个采样点处于Ⅰ级,13个采样点处于Ⅱ级。相比于传统模糊综合评价模型,在计算评价因子权重时,改进模糊综合评价模型综合了重金属浓度及其毒性,使评价结果更为客观、合理。利用Arc GIS 9.3软件进行土壤重金属污染空间分布结果表明,花溪区城郊菜地土壤清洁率达到83.87%,尚清洁率为16.13%,尚未出现土壤污染区。
Determining weights of heavy metal contamination is important in the soil environment quality assessment. Used Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, As and Hg in suburban vegetable soil of Huaxi district as the pollution factors and applied the principle of minimum relative information entropy. This study employed "the excessive multiplier method" and "the double weight excessive weighting method" as a set of combined weight factors, which was used to optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Results showed that 31 sampling points in the ClassⅠand 13 sampling points in the ClassⅡ. Compared with the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model which integrates the heavy metals concentration and toxicity level when calculated weight of pollution factors, and the evaluation results of optimized model are more objective and reasonable. The space distribution of soil heavy metals pollution was analyzed by Arc GIS 9.3, the calculated results showed that the research area soil clean ratio reached 83.87% and moderately clean ratio was 16.13%, soil pollution area not yet appeared
Determining weights of heavy metal contamination is important in the soil environment quality assessment. Used Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, As and Hg in suburban vegetable soil of Huaxi district as the pollution factors and applied the principle of minimum relative information entropy. This study employed "the excessive multiplier method" and "the double weight excessive weighting method" as a set of combined weight factors, which was used to optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Results showed that 31 sampling points in the ClassⅠand 13 sampling points in the ClassⅡ. Compared with the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the optimized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model which integrates the heavy metals concentration and toxicity level when calculated weight of pollution factors, and the evaluation results of optimized model are more objective and reasonable. The space distribution of soil heavy metals pollution was analyzed by Arc GIS 9.3, the calculated results showed that the research area soil clean ratio reached 83.87% and moderately clean ratio was 16.13%, soil pollution area not yet appeared
引文
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[14]颜蒙蒙,王济,胡丰青,等.贵阳郊区菜地土壤重金属Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):336-341.
[15]孙小涛,周忠发,黄智灵,等.改进模糊综合评价模型对岩溶山区茶叶产地土壤重金属污染评判[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(3):282-290.
[16]李录娟,邹胜章.综合指数法和模糊综合法在地下水质量评价中的对比—以遵义市为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):22-30.
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[18]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Res,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19]李其林,黄昀.重庆市近郊区蔬菜地土壤重金属含量变化及污染情况[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):158-160.
[20]郑喜珅,鲁安怀,高翔,等.土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法[J].生态环境学报,2002,11(1):79-84.
[2]陈桂芬,黄武杰,张丽明,等.南宁市菜地土壤及蔬菜重金属污染状况调查与评价[J].南方农业学报,2004,35(5):389-392.
[3]陈京都,戴其根,许学宏,等.江苏省典型区农田土壤及小麦中重金属含量与评价[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3487-3496.
[4]宋静宜,傅开道,苏斌,等.澜沧江水系底沙重金属含量空间分布及其污染评价[J].地理学报,2013,68(3):389-397.
[5]覃朝科,易鹞,刘静静,等.广西某铅锌矿区废水汇集洼地土壤重金属污染调查与评价[J].中国岩溶,2013,32(3):318-324.
[6]付善明,肖方,宿文姬,等.基于模糊数学的广东大宝山矿横石河下游土壤重金属元素污染评价[J].地质通报,2014(8):1140-1146.
[7]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[8]李向,管涛,徐清.基于BP神经网络的土壤重金属污染评价方法—以包头土壤环境质量评价为例[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(2):250-256.
[9]李雪梅,王祖伟,汤显强,等.重金属污染因子权重的确定及其在土壤环境质量评价中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2281-2286.
[10]李雪梅,邓小文,王祖伟,等.污染因子权重及区域环境质量综合评价分级标准的确定—以土壤重金属污染为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(4):97-100.
[11]张金婷,谢贵德,孙华.基于改进模糊综合评价法的地质异常区土壤重金属污染评价—以江苏灌南县为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(11):2107-2115.
[12]花溪区统计局.花溪年鉴[M].贵阳:方志出版社,2015:235-250.
[13]颜榕慧.花溪区绿色农业发展对策研究—基于“基于五大发展理念”视角[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[14]颜蒙蒙,王济,胡丰青,等.贵阳郊区菜地土壤重金属Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(3):336-341.
[15]孙小涛,周忠发,黄智灵,等.改进模糊综合评价模型对岩溶山区茶叶产地土壤重金属污染评判[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(3):282-290.
[16]李录娟,邹胜章.综合指数法和模糊综合法在地下水质量评价中的对比—以遵义市为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(1):22-30.
[17]国家环境保护局科技标准司.土壤环境质量标准:GB15618-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[18]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Water Res,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19]李其林,黄昀.重庆市近郊区蔬菜地土壤重金属含量变化及污染情况[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):158-160.
[20]郑喜珅,鲁安怀,高翔,等.土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法[J].生态环境学报,2002,11(1):79-84.