基于八叉树的储层改造体积计算方法及工程应用
|
摘要
传统的采用规则几何体计算储层改造体积(SRV)往往具有较大误差。为此,提出一种基于八叉树的SRV计算方法,该方法可根据事件点密度生成不规则树状网格化结构,通过提取网格结构中的非空节点的体积来计算压裂改造的SRV。通过蒙特卡罗模拟计算和昆北油田的18口井的应用发现:该方法得到的不规则结构能够较好地包络事件点,有效去除未响应区域带来的计算误差;该方法根据事件点密度进行网格划分,充分考虑了事件点密度对SRV的影响,结果更符合工程认识。实例应用表明,对于较大规模的微地震数据,该方法具较高的计算效率,算得的SRV和油井改造后产液量变化趋势基本一致。相比较传统方法,该方法可为水力压裂施工提供更为可靠的评价指标。
There exists a large error in conventional stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) calculation method which adopts relatively regular shapes to build 3D envelop. An integrated methodology that utilizes the octree method to generate irregular tree mesh structure according to the density of microseismic events was presented,in which the stimulated reservoir volume is obtained by summing up the volumes of non-empty nodes in the tree structure. The method was validated by analog events generated by Monte Carlo simulation and application of eighteen wells of Kunbei oilfield. It was found that the octree method can be used to envelop the event cloud perfectly and eliminate effectively enough the error of unresponsive zones during microseismic monitoring. The octree method fully considers the impact of event density on SRV calculation in different monitoring areas and determines hierarchies of tree structure according to local event density. Hence,the calculation result conforms to engineering knowledge.Engineering applications show that the method has a high computational efficiency for large scale microseismic data,and that the calculated SRVs are consisted with the daily liquid production of 18 wells in Kunbei oilfield.Compared with the conventional approach,the developed method provides a more reliable quantitative index for hydraulic fracturing evaluation.
There exists a large error in conventional stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) calculation method which adopts relatively regular shapes to build 3D envelop. An integrated methodology that utilizes the octree method to generate irregular tree mesh structure according to the density of microseismic events was presented,in which the stimulated reservoir volume is obtained by summing up the volumes of non-empty nodes in the tree structure. The method was validated by analog events generated by Monte Carlo simulation and application of eighteen wells of Kunbei oilfield. It was found that the octree method can be used to envelop the event cloud perfectly and eliminate effectively enough the error of unresponsive zones during microseismic monitoring. The octree method fully considers the impact of event density on SRV calculation in different monitoring areas and determines hierarchies of tree structure according to local event density. Hence,the calculation result conforms to engineering knowledge.Engineering applications show that the method has a high computational efficiency for large scale microseismic data,and that the calculated SRVs are consisted with the daily liquid production of 18 wells in Kunbei oilfield.Compared with the conventional approach,the developed method provides a more reliable quantitative index for hydraulic fracturing evaluation.
引文
[1]FISHER M K,HEINZE J R,HARRIS C D,et al.Optimizing horizontal completion techniques in the Barnett shale using microseismic fracture mapping[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2004:1-11.
[2]WARPINSKI N R,MAYERHOFER M J,VINCENT M C,et al.Stimulating unconventional reservoirs:maximizing network growth while optimizing fracture conductivity[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2009,48(10):39-51.
[3]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革--体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.(WANG Tengfei,WANG Xiaoquan,et al.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:An introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.(in Chinese))
[4]陈作,薛承瑾,蒋廷学,等.页岩气井体积压裂技术在我国的应用建议[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):30-32.(CHEN Zuo,XUEChengjin,JIANG Tingxue,et al.Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in shale gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):30-32.(in Chinese))
[5]URBANCIC T I,SHUMILA V,RUTLEDGE J T,et al.Determining hydraulic fracture behavior using microseismicity[C]//The 37th USSymposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).[S.l.]:American Rock Mechanics Association,1999:991-997.
[6]FISHER M K,WRIGHT C A DAVIDSON B M,et al.Integrating fracture mapping technologies to optimize stimulations in the Barnett Shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2002.
[7]MAXWELL S C,URBANCIC T I,STEINSBERGER N,et al.Microseismic imaging of hydraulic fracture complexity in the Barnett shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2002.
[8]赵向东,陈波.微地震工程应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 609-2 612.(ZHAO Xiangdong,CHEN Bo.Study of microseismic engineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 609-2 612.(in Chinese))
[9]郭建春,尹建,赵志红.裂缝干扰下页岩储层压裂形成复杂裂缝可行性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1 589-1 596.GUOJianchun,YIN Jian,ZHAO Zhihong.Feasibility of formation of complex fractures under cracks interference in shale reservoir fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1 589-1 596.(in Chinese))
[10]BING HOU,RUXIN ZHANG,MIAN CHEN,et al.Investigation on acid fracturing treatment in limestone formation based on true triaxial experiment[J].Fuel,2018,235:473-484.
[11]BING HOU,RUXIN ZHANG,YIJIN ZENG,et al.Analysis of hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation in deep shale formation with high horizontal stress dierence[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,170:231-243.
[12]MAYERHOFER M J,LOLON E,WARPINSKI N R,et al.What is stimulated reservoir volume?[J].SPE Production and Operations,2010,25(1):89-98.
[13]XIE J,YANG C,GUPTA N,et al.Integration of shale-gas-production data and microseismic for fracture and reservoir properties with the fast marching method[J].SPE Journal,2015,20(0=2):347-359.
[14]YU G,AGUILERA R.3D analytical modeling of hydraulic fracturing stimulated reservoir volume[C]//SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012:1-17.
[15]SHAO Y,HUANG X,XING Y.An integrated study on the sensitivity and uncertainty associated with the evaluation of stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,159:903-914.
[16]MEAGHER D.Geometric modeling using octree encoding[J].Computer graphics and image processing,1982,19(2):129-147.
[17]YAMAGUCHI K,KUNII T L,FUJIMURA K,et al.Octree-related data structures and algorithms[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1984,4(1):53-59.
[18]DíAZ-MáS L,MADRID-CUEVAS F J,MU?OZ-SALINAS R,et al.An octree-based method for shape from inconsistent silhouettes[J].Pattern Recognition,2012,45(9):3 245-3 255.
[19]SU Y T,BETHEL J,HU S.Octree-based segmentation for terrestrial LiDAR point cloud data in industrial applications[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2016,113:59-74.
[20]王育坚,廉腾飞,吴明明,等.基于八叉树与KD树索引的点云配准方法[J].测绘工程,2017,(8):35-40.(WANG Yujian,LIANTengfei,WU Mingming,etal.Point cloud registration based on octree and KD-tree index[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2017,(8):35-40.(in Chinese))
[21]黄源,达飞鹏,唐林.基于改进八叉树的三维点云压缩算法[J].光学学报,2017,37(12):133-141.(HUANG Yuan,DA Feipeng,TANG Lin.Three-dimensional point cloud compression algorithm based on improved octree[J].Acta Potica Sinica,2017,37(12):133-141.(in Chinese))
[22]ALGHALANDIS Y F.ADFNE:Open source software for discrete fracture network engineering,two and three-dimensional applications[J].Computers and Geosciences,2017,10:1-11.
[23]ALGHALANDIS Y F,XU C,DOWD P A.A general framework for fracture intersection analysis:algorithms and practical applications[C]//Australian Geothermal Energy Conference.Melbourne:[s.n.],2011:15-20.
[2]WARPINSKI N R,MAYERHOFER M J,VINCENT M C,et al.Stimulating unconventional reservoirs:maximizing network growth while optimizing fracture conductivity[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2009,48(10):39-51.
[3]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革--体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.(WANG Tengfei,WANG Xiaoquan,et al.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:An introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.(in Chinese))
[4]陈作,薛承瑾,蒋廷学,等.页岩气井体积压裂技术在我国的应用建议[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):30-32.(CHEN Zuo,XUEChengjin,JIANG Tingxue,et al.Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in shale gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):30-32.(in Chinese))
[5]URBANCIC T I,SHUMILA V,RUTLEDGE J T,et al.Determining hydraulic fracture behavior using microseismicity[C]//The 37th USSymposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).[S.l.]:American Rock Mechanics Association,1999:991-997.
[6]FISHER M K,WRIGHT C A DAVIDSON B M,et al.Integrating fracture mapping technologies to optimize stimulations in the Barnett Shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2002.
[7]MAXWELL S C,URBANCIC T I,STEINSBERGER N,et al.Microseismic imaging of hydraulic fracture complexity in the Barnett shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2002.
[8]赵向东,陈波.微地震工程应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 609-2 612.(ZHAO Xiangdong,CHEN Bo.Study of microseismic engineering applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 609-2 612.(in Chinese))
[9]郭建春,尹建,赵志红.裂缝干扰下页岩储层压裂形成复杂裂缝可行性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1 589-1 596.GUOJianchun,YIN Jian,ZHAO Zhihong.Feasibility of formation of complex fractures under cracks interference in shale reservoir fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1 589-1 596.(in Chinese))
[10]BING HOU,RUXIN ZHANG,MIAN CHEN,et al.Investigation on acid fracturing treatment in limestone formation based on true triaxial experiment[J].Fuel,2018,235:473-484.
[11]BING HOU,RUXIN ZHANG,YIJIN ZENG,et al.Analysis of hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation in deep shale formation with high horizontal stress dierence[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,170:231-243.
[12]MAYERHOFER M J,LOLON E,WARPINSKI N R,et al.What is stimulated reservoir volume?[J].SPE Production and Operations,2010,25(1):89-98.
[13]XIE J,YANG C,GUPTA N,et al.Integration of shale-gas-production data and microseismic for fracture and reservoir properties with the fast marching method[J].SPE Journal,2015,20(0=2):347-359.
[14]YU G,AGUILERA R.3D analytical modeling of hydraulic fracturing stimulated reservoir volume[C]//SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.[S.l.]:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012:1-17.
[15]SHAO Y,HUANG X,XING Y.An integrated study on the sensitivity and uncertainty associated with the evaluation of stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,159:903-914.
[16]MEAGHER D.Geometric modeling using octree encoding[J].Computer graphics and image processing,1982,19(2):129-147.
[17]YAMAGUCHI K,KUNII T L,FUJIMURA K,et al.Octree-related data structures and algorithms[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1984,4(1):53-59.
[18]DíAZ-MáS L,MADRID-CUEVAS F J,MU?OZ-SALINAS R,et al.An octree-based method for shape from inconsistent silhouettes[J].Pattern Recognition,2012,45(9):3 245-3 255.
[19]SU Y T,BETHEL J,HU S.Octree-based segmentation for terrestrial LiDAR point cloud data in industrial applications[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2016,113:59-74.
[20]王育坚,廉腾飞,吴明明,等.基于八叉树与KD树索引的点云配准方法[J].测绘工程,2017,(8):35-40.(WANG Yujian,LIANTengfei,WU Mingming,etal.Point cloud registration based on octree and KD-tree index[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2017,(8):35-40.(in Chinese))
[21]黄源,达飞鹏,唐林.基于改进八叉树的三维点云压缩算法[J].光学学报,2017,37(12):133-141.(HUANG Yuan,DA Feipeng,TANG Lin.Three-dimensional point cloud compression algorithm based on improved octree[J].Acta Potica Sinica,2017,37(12):133-141.(in Chinese))
[22]ALGHALANDIS Y F.ADFNE:Open source software for discrete fracture network engineering,two and three-dimensional applications[J].Computers and Geosciences,2017,10:1-11.
[23]ALGHALANDIS Y F,XU C,DOWD P A.A general framework for fracture intersection analysis:algorithms and practical applications[C]//Australian Geothermal Energy Conference.Melbourne:[s.n.],2011:15-20.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |