基于GIS和RUSLE的星云湖流域土壤侵蚀空间分布特征
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摘要
研究星云湖流域水土流失,揭示水土流失的空间分异规律,能够为该流域水土流失治理提供理论基础。根据典型的土壤侵蚀RUSLE模型,选用能体现流域特点的估算模型分别计算出了降雨侵蚀力因子、土壤可蚀性因子等五个因子,运用ArcGIS空间分析工具计算出星云湖流域土壤侵蚀模数,并统计分析流域的侵蚀状况。结果表明:星云湖流域土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主;剧烈侵蚀主要分布在流域的北部和东部区域,其中,子流域中主要集中在螺浉河小流域和北部坝区小流域,乡镇中主要在路居镇,用地类型主要为其他用地和耕地;其次流域内平均侵蚀量最大的地形主要集中于25°~35°之间,以半阴坡坡向为主。应加强螺浉河小流域和北部坝区小流域的水土流失治理,坡度大于25°和坡向为半阴坡的区域水土流失较为严重,不适宜耕种,应加强退耕还林工作,优化未利用地的管理,有针对性地对流域内水土流失进行治理与防治。
The study on soil erosion condition about Xingyun Lake basin can provide theoretical basis for water loss and soil erosion control in river basin. The typical soil erosion model,RUSLE model,was used to evaluate the soil erosion condition of Xingyun Lake basin. Based on charisteristics of Xingyuan lake basin,factors were calculated through different models. The results show that micro erosion is the principal soil erosion type in Xingyun Lake basin,and severe erosion,which is mainly located in the northern and eastern regions of the basin,has the largest proportion of soil loss which is more than 50%. As regards sub-basin,township and land use type,the soil erosion is most severe in Luoshihe Sub-basin and north dam Sub-basin,Lujü town,unused land and cultivated land,respectively. Besides,the largest mean soil loss is in the topographis whose slopes are mainly between 25° ~ 35°,and most of which are half shady slope. Water and soil erosion control in Luoshihe and north dam sub-basins should be strengthened. The areas where slopes are greater than 25° and the areas of half shady slope should return farm land to forests because severe land erosion makes them not suitable for farming. Furthermore,the management of unused land should be optimized and water and soil erosion should be prevented pertinently in the basin.
The study on soil erosion condition about Xingyun Lake basin can provide theoretical basis for water loss and soil erosion control in river basin. The typical soil erosion model,RUSLE model,was used to evaluate the soil erosion condition of Xingyun Lake basin. Based on charisteristics of Xingyuan lake basin,factors were calculated through different models. The results show that micro erosion is the principal soil erosion type in Xingyun Lake basin,and severe erosion,which is mainly located in the northern and eastern regions of the basin,has the largest proportion of soil loss which is more than 50%. As regards sub-basin,township and land use type,the soil erosion is most severe in Luoshihe Sub-basin and north dam Sub-basin,Lujü town,unused land and cultivated land,respectively. Besides,the largest mean soil loss is in the topographis whose slopes are mainly between 25° ~ 35°,and most of which are half shady slope. Water and soil erosion control in Luoshihe and north dam sub-basins should be strengthened. The areas where slopes are greater than 25° and the areas of half shady slope should return farm land to forests because severe land erosion makes them not suitable for farming. Furthermore,the management of unused land should be optimized and water and soil erosion should be prevented pertinently in the basin.
引文
1李翠漫,卢远,刘斌涛,等.广西西江流域土壤侵蚀估算及特征分析研究,2018;25(2):34-39Li Cuiman,Lu Yuan,Liu Bintao,et al.Estimation and characteristics analysis of soil erosion in Xijiang river basin of Guangxi,2018;25(2):34-39
2钟莉娜,王军,赵文武.多流域降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响的比较分析---以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区为例.地理学报,2017;2(3):432-443Zhong Lina,Wang jun,Zhao Wenwu.Comparative analysis of impacts of rainfall and land use patterns on soil erosion in multi watershed area---A case study of loess hilly gully region in northern Shaanxi Province.Geographical Journal,2017;2(3):432-443
3 De R A P J,Wesseling C G,Ritsema C J,et al.Lisem:A singleevent physically based hydrological and soil erosion model for drainage basins.I:Theory,input and output.Hydrological Processes,1996;10(8):1107-1117
4 Prasannakumar V,Vijith H,Abinod S,et al.Estimation of soil erosion risk within a small mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala India,using revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)and geo-information technology.Geoscience Frontiers,2012;3(2):209-215
5朱蕾.松花湖流域水土流失与湖泊富营养化研究.长春:吉林大学,2009Zhu Lei.Study on soil and water loss and lake eutrophication in Songhua Lake basin.Changchun:Jilin University,2009
6王娇,程维明,祁生林,等.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析---以河北太行山区为例.地理研究,2014;33(4):614-624Wang Jiao,Cheng Weiming,Deng Shenglin.Spatial analysis of soil and water loss sensitivity based on USLE and GIS-A case study of Taihang Mountain in Hebei province.Geographical Research,2014;33(4):614-624
7高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究.地理学报,2015;70(9):1503-1515Gao Haidong,Li Zhanbin,Li Peng,et al.Study on soil and water loss control potential of loess plateau based on soil erosion control.Acta Geologica Sinica,2015;70(9):1503-1515
8查良松,邓国徽,谷家川.1992-2013年巢湖流域土壤侵蚀动态变化.地理学报,2015;70(11):1708-1719Zha Liangsong,Deng Guohui,Gu Jiachuan.Dynamic change of soil erosion in Chaohu Lake basin from 1992 to 2013.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015;70(11):1708-1719
9肖武,徐建飞,杨坤,等.基于GIS和USLE模型的巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评价.科学技术与工程,2017;17(16):35-43Xiao Wu,Xu Jianfei,Yang Kun,et al.Evaluation of soil erosion in Chaohu Lake basin based on GIS and USLE model.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(16):35-43
10许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算---以贵州省猫跳河流域为例.北京林业大学学报,2006;(4):67-71Xu Yueqing,Shao Xiaomei.Calculation of soil erosion based on GISand RUSLE-taking Cat Jump River basin in Guizhou Province as an example.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006;(4):67-71
11李瑞,岳坤前.贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀机理研究.科学技术与工程,2015;15(7):150-153Li Rui,Yue Kunqian.Study on soil erosion mechanism of slope in Guizhou karst area.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(7):150-153
12凡非得,王克林,熊鹰,等.西南喀斯特区域水土流失敏感性评价及其空间分异特征.生态学报,2011;31(21):6353-6362Fan Feide,Wang Kelin,Xiong Ying,et al.Evaluation of soil and water loss sensitivity and its spatial differentiation in southwest karst region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011;31(21):6353-6362
13李璐.江苏省降雨侵蚀力研究.南京:南京农业大学,2011Li Lu.Study on rainfall erosivity in Jiangsu province.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011
14杨子生,刘彦随,贺一梅,等.金沙江下游近40年来土壤侵蚀变化---以云南彝良为例.山地学报,2005;(2):144-152Yang Zisheng,Liu Yansui,He Yimei,et al.Changes of soil erosion in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in recent 40 years-Taking Yiliang in Yunnan Province as an example.Journal of Mountain Science,2005;(2):144-152
15李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用.测绘通报,2013;(9):87-97Li Junxiao,Li Chaokui,Yin Zhihui.Kriging interpolation method based on Arc GIS and its application.Application of Surveying and Mapping,2013;(9):87-97
16陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究.资源科学,2014;36(6):1288-1297Chen Sixu,Yang Xiaohuan,Xiao Linlin,et al.Study of soil erosion in the southern Hillside Area of China based on RUSLE model.Resources Science,2014;36(6):1288-1297
17彭建,李丹丹,张玉清.基于GIS和RUSLE的滇西北山区土壤侵蚀空间特征分析---以云南省丽江县为例.山地学报,2007;(5):548-556Peng Jian,Li Dandan,Zhang Yuqing.Spatial characteristics of soil erosion in mountainous areas of Northwest Yunnan based on GIS and RUSLE-A case study of Lijiang County.Journal of Mountain Science,2007;(5):548-556
18潘竟虎,文岩.基于RUSLE-SMA的黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀评价及景观格局分析---以庆城县蔡家庙流域为例.生态学杂志,2013;32(2):436-444Pan Jinghu,Wen Yan.Evaluation and landscape pattern analysis of soil erosion in loess hilly and gully region based on RUSLE-SMA-Taking Caijia temple watershed in Qingcheng County as an example.Journal of Ecology,2013;32(2):436-444
19周金星,董林水,张丽颖,等.关于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被地貌演化与土壤侵蚀的复杂响应研究现状及趋势.科学技术与工程,2006;6(6):726-738Zhou Jinxing,Dong Linshui,Zhang Liying,et al.Characteristics and trends of complex response of vegetation landform evolution and soil erosion in hilly and gully regions on the loess plateau.Science Technology and Engineering,2006;6(6):726-738
20 Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M,et al.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes.Transactions of the ASABE,1994;37(6):1835-1840
21蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,2000;(2):19-24Cai Chongfa,Ding Shuwen,Shi Zhihua,et al.Application of USLEmodel and geographic information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watersheds.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000;(2):19-24
22游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算---以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例.自然资源学报,1999;(1):63-69You Songcai,Li Wenqin.Estimation of soil erosion based on GISsupport-A case study of Guanxi Township,Taihe County,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Natural Resources,1999;(1):63-69
23徐天蜀,彭世揆,岳彩荣.基于GIS的小流域土壤侵蚀评价研究.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002;(4):43-46Xu Tianshu,Peng Shikui,Yue Cairong.Study on soil erosion assessment of small watershed based on GIS.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2002;(4):43-46
24吴楠楠,梁亚红,张久铭,等.不同坡度及坡向条件下的土壤侵蚀特征研究---以淮河北部支流低山丘陵区为例.湖北农业科学,2014,53(16):3755-3759Wu Nannan,Liang Yahong,Zhang Jiuming,et al.Study on soil erosion characteristics under different slope and slope conditionsA case study of the low hills and hilly areas in the north of Huaihe River.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2014;53(16):3755-3759
2钟莉娜,王军,赵文武.多流域降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响的比较分析---以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区为例.地理学报,2017;2(3):432-443Zhong Lina,Wang jun,Zhao Wenwu.Comparative analysis of impacts of rainfall and land use patterns on soil erosion in multi watershed area---A case study of loess hilly gully region in northern Shaanxi Province.Geographical Journal,2017;2(3):432-443
3 De R A P J,Wesseling C G,Ritsema C J,et al.Lisem:A singleevent physically based hydrological and soil erosion model for drainage basins.I:Theory,input and output.Hydrological Processes,1996;10(8):1107-1117
4 Prasannakumar V,Vijith H,Abinod S,et al.Estimation of soil erosion risk within a small mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala India,using revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)and geo-information technology.Geoscience Frontiers,2012;3(2):209-215
5朱蕾.松花湖流域水土流失与湖泊富营养化研究.长春:吉林大学,2009Zhu Lei.Study on soil and water loss and lake eutrophication in Songhua Lake basin.Changchun:Jilin University,2009
6王娇,程维明,祁生林,等.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析---以河北太行山区为例.地理研究,2014;33(4):614-624Wang Jiao,Cheng Weiming,Deng Shenglin.Spatial analysis of soil and water loss sensitivity based on USLE and GIS-A case study of Taihang Mountain in Hebei province.Geographical Research,2014;33(4):614-624
7高海东,李占斌,李鹏,等.基于土壤侵蚀控制度的黄土高原水土流失治理潜力研究.地理学报,2015;70(9):1503-1515Gao Haidong,Li Zhanbin,Li Peng,et al.Study on soil and water loss control potential of loess plateau based on soil erosion control.Acta Geologica Sinica,2015;70(9):1503-1515
8查良松,邓国徽,谷家川.1992-2013年巢湖流域土壤侵蚀动态变化.地理学报,2015;70(11):1708-1719Zha Liangsong,Deng Guohui,Gu Jiachuan.Dynamic change of soil erosion in Chaohu Lake basin from 1992 to 2013.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015;70(11):1708-1719
9肖武,徐建飞,杨坤,等.基于GIS和USLE模型的巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评价.科学技术与工程,2017;17(16):35-43Xiao Wu,Xu Jianfei,Yang Kun,et al.Evaluation of soil erosion in Chaohu Lake basin based on GIS and USLE model.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(16):35-43
10许月卿,邵晓梅.基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算---以贵州省猫跳河流域为例.北京林业大学学报,2006;(4):67-71Xu Yueqing,Shao Xiaomei.Calculation of soil erosion based on GISand RUSLE-taking Cat Jump River basin in Guizhou Province as an example.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006;(4):67-71
11李瑞,岳坤前.贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀机理研究.科学技术与工程,2015;15(7):150-153Li Rui,Yue Kunqian.Study on soil erosion mechanism of slope in Guizhou karst area.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(7):150-153
12凡非得,王克林,熊鹰,等.西南喀斯特区域水土流失敏感性评价及其空间分异特征.生态学报,2011;31(21):6353-6362Fan Feide,Wang Kelin,Xiong Ying,et al.Evaluation of soil and water loss sensitivity and its spatial differentiation in southwest karst region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011;31(21):6353-6362
13李璐.江苏省降雨侵蚀力研究.南京:南京农业大学,2011Li Lu.Study on rainfall erosivity in Jiangsu province.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011
14杨子生,刘彦随,贺一梅,等.金沙江下游近40年来土壤侵蚀变化---以云南彝良为例.山地学报,2005;(2):144-152Yang Zisheng,Liu Yansui,He Yimei,et al.Changes of soil erosion in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in recent 40 years-Taking Yiliang in Yunnan Province as an example.Journal of Mountain Science,2005;(2):144-152
15李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用.测绘通报,2013;(9):87-97Li Junxiao,Li Chaokui,Yin Zhihui.Kriging interpolation method based on Arc GIS and its application.Application of Surveying and Mapping,2013;(9):87-97
16陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究.资源科学,2014;36(6):1288-1297Chen Sixu,Yang Xiaohuan,Xiao Linlin,et al.Study of soil erosion in the southern Hillside Area of China based on RUSLE model.Resources Science,2014;36(6):1288-1297
17彭建,李丹丹,张玉清.基于GIS和RUSLE的滇西北山区土壤侵蚀空间特征分析---以云南省丽江县为例.山地学报,2007;(5):548-556Peng Jian,Li Dandan,Zhang Yuqing.Spatial characteristics of soil erosion in mountainous areas of Northwest Yunnan based on GIS and RUSLE-A case study of Lijiang County.Journal of Mountain Science,2007;(5):548-556
18潘竟虎,文岩.基于RUSLE-SMA的黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀评价及景观格局分析---以庆城县蔡家庙流域为例.生态学杂志,2013;32(2):436-444Pan Jinghu,Wen Yan.Evaluation and landscape pattern analysis of soil erosion in loess hilly and gully region based on RUSLE-SMA-Taking Caijia temple watershed in Qingcheng County as an example.Journal of Ecology,2013;32(2):436-444
19周金星,董林水,张丽颖,等.关于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区植被地貌演化与土壤侵蚀的复杂响应研究现状及趋势.科学技术与工程,2006;6(6):726-738Zhou Jinxing,Dong Linshui,Zhang Liying,et al.Characteristics and trends of complex response of vegetation landform evolution and soil erosion in hilly and gully regions on the loess plateau.Science Technology and Engineering,2006;6(6):726-738
20 Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M,et al.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes.Transactions of the ASABE,1994;37(6):1835-1840
21蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,2000;(2):19-24Cai Chongfa,Ding Shuwen,Shi Zhihua,et al.Application of USLEmodel and geographic information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watersheds.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000;(2):19-24
22游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算---以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例.自然资源学报,1999;(1):63-69You Songcai,Li Wenqin.Estimation of soil erosion based on GISsupport-A case study of Guanxi Township,Taihe County,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Natural Resources,1999;(1):63-69
23徐天蜀,彭世揆,岳彩荣.基于GIS的小流域土壤侵蚀评价研究.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002;(4):43-46Xu Tianshu,Peng Shikui,Yue Cairong.Study on soil erosion assessment of small watershed based on GIS.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2002;(4):43-46
24吴楠楠,梁亚红,张久铭,等.不同坡度及坡向条件下的土壤侵蚀特征研究---以淮河北部支流低山丘陵区为例.湖北农业科学,2014,53(16):3755-3759Wu Nannan,Liang Yahong,Zhang Jiuming,et al.Study on soil erosion characteristics under different slope and slope conditionsA case study of the low hills and hilly areas in the north of Huaihe River.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2014;53(16):3755-3759