灵空山采伐干扰下油松林林间草地物种多样性分析
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摘要
采用记名样方,对不同采伐方式油松林林间草地群落的草本植物区系及其生态生活型和物种多样性进行了比较分析。结果表明,皆伐后林间草地的草本植物科、属、种数均高于间伐,不同时间间伐的物种数变化不大。在种水平上的区系地理成分都是以温带分布为主和植物生活型以地面芽、隐芽植物为主。皆伐方式下的各生长型种数比间伐方式下多,一年生草本所占比例也较大。不同采伐方式下的水分生态型差异不明显,以中生和旱中生植物为主。重要值统计结果表明,不同采伐方式下草本群落除共优种大披针苔草(Carex lanceolata)、小红菊(Chrysanthemum chanetii)外,均存在不同的优势种。物种多样性指数随采伐方式和时间不同呈现出皆伐>间伐、采伐晚的<采伐早的。
By secret plots method,species composition,flora character,living form,growth form,water ecotype and species diversity of harvesting on Pinus tabulaeformis inter forest grassland in Lingkong Mountain were analy.The result indicated that:1)There is a significant difference between clear cutting and intermediate cutting forest grassland on the geographical composition in the family and species level.The areal types of genera is largely affected by the harvesting time.2)Therophytes more easily survive in the clear cutting than intermediate cutting forest grassland,cryptophytes may be more suitable growth under the woods environment.3)The quantity and type of growth and water ecotype are more abundant of clear cutting forest grassland than intermediate cutting.4)Except Carex lanceolata and Chrysanthemum chanetii,the dominant species in three plots are not the same;Due to the different harvesting time and the degree,species diversity of complex appear:plotⅠ>plotⅢ>plotⅡ.
By secret plots method,species composition,flora character,living form,growth form,water ecotype and species diversity of harvesting on Pinus tabulaeformis inter forest grassland in Lingkong Mountain were analy.The result indicated that:1)There is a significant difference between clear cutting and intermediate cutting forest grassland on the geographical composition in the family and species level.The areal types of genera is largely affected by the harvesting time.2)Therophytes more easily survive in the clear cutting than intermediate cutting forest grassland,cryptophytes may be more suitable growth under the woods environment.3)The quantity and type of growth and water ecotype are more abundant of clear cutting forest grassland than intermediate cutting.4)Except Carex lanceolata and Chrysanthemum chanetii,the dominant species in three plots are not the same;Due to the different harvesting time and the degree,species diversity of complex appear:plotⅠ>plotⅢ>plotⅡ.
引文
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[4]李玉中,Redmann R E,祝廷成,李建东.羊草草原豆科牧草生物固定量研究[J].草地学报,2002,10(3):164-166.
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[6]王正文,祝廷成.松嫩草原主要草本植物的生态位关系及其对水淹干扰的响应[J].草业学报,2004,13(3):27-33.
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[11]高玮,相桂权,杨志杰.长白山北坡林间草地灌丛夏季鸟类群落结构的研究[J].野生动物,1989(3):13-14.
[12]吴春英,张少华,孟庆荔,张道成.开发利用林间、林下草地资源大力发展林区牧业经济[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2005(8):34-35.
[13]任秀龙,李南洙,钟照日,崔文星,金永奎.长白山东麗林间草地开发利用初报[J].中国草地,1994(2):41-44.
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[19]王立,周婵,杨允菲.林间草地寸草苔种群的生长可塑性分析[J].中国草地,2001,23(4):6-10.
[20]曹毅.川东山区林间草地动态规律及其生态适应性[J].草业学报,1995,4(1):52-60.
[21]郭东罡.太岳山油松林对采伐干扰的生态相应研究[D].太原:山西大学,2006.
[22]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,13(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.
[23]潘云芬,徐庆,程元启,尹莉,王翠莲.安徽升金湖自然保护区湿地草本种子植物区系研究[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):304-309.
[24]刘有军,王继和,马全林,张德奎.甘肃省荒漠种子植物科的区系分析[J].草业科学,2008,25(5):22-27.
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[26]李博,杨持,林鹏.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:126-129.
[27]Rahbek C.The relationship among area,elevation,and regional species richness in neotropical birds[J].The American Naturalist,1997,149(5):875-902.
[28]Rahbek C.The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness pattens[J].Ecology Letters,2005,8(2):224-239.
[29]Lomolino M V.Elevation gradients of species-density:historical and prospective views[J].Global Ecology and Biogeograp,2001,10(1):3-13.
[30]席琳乔,马丽亚,王喜明,赵贵平,王栋,陈立强,马春晖.天山中段南麓拜城草原植物种类调查[J].草业科学,2013,30(11):1837-1841.
[31]张慧荣.不同生活型草原植物环境适应特性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2008.
[32]杨利民,李建东,杨允菲.草地群落放牧干扰梯度多样性研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,40(6):553-559.
[33]郑慧莹,李建东.松嫩平原的草地植被及其利用保护[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:51-54.
[34]中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:167-188.
[35]髙贤明,陈灵芝.植物生活型分类系统的修订及中国暖温带森林植物生活型谱分析[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):553-559.
[36]刘志彦,陈北光,谢正生,苏志尧.植物生态型分类研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,23(4):365-369.
[37]刘江华,李登武,刘国彬,李小利,侯禧禄.刺槐林下植被的水分生态型和生活型谱特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):95-99.
[38]内蒙古植物志编辑委员会.内蒙古植物志[M].第二版.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1992:12.
[39]Chen X,Li B L.Spatial cariability of functional plant types of trees in NE China[J].Applied Ecology and Environment Research,2005,3(2):39-49.
[40]龙世友,鲍雅静,李政海,高伟,洪光宇,黄硕,邹德喜.内蒙古草原67种植物碳含量分析及与热值的关系研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):112-119.
[41]Baric S,Sturmbauer C.Ecological parallelism and cryptic species in the genus ophiothrix derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,1999,11(1):157-162.
[42]Jung S,Steffen K L,Hee J L.Comparative photoinhibition of a high and a low altitude ecotype of tomato(Lycopersicon hirsutum)to chilling stress under high and low light conditions[J].Plant Science,1998,134(1):69-77.
[43]Pakeman R J,Quested H M.Sampling plant functional traits:What proportion of the species need to be measured[J].Applied Vegetation Science,2007,10:91-96.
[44]Grime J P.Trait convergence and trait divergence in herbaceous plant communities:Mechanisms and consequences[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2006,17:255-260.
[45]马晓勇,上官铁梁.太岳山森林群落物种多样性[J].山地学报,2004,22(5):606-612.
[46]许驭丹,郭东罡,王翠红,张雅丽,雷彩芳,上官铁梁.灵空山油松辽东栎混交林下草本植物物种组成和空间分布格局研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2013,36(4):628-635.
[47]Grime J P.Biodiversity and ecosystem function:The debate deepens[J].Science,1997,277:1260-1261.
[48]Tilman D,Downing J A.Biodiversity and stability in grasslands[J].Nature,1994,367:363-365.
[49]张晶晶,王蕾,许冬梅.荒漠草原自然恢复中植物群落组成及物种多样性[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1091-1094.
[50]Magurran A E.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:35-36.
[51]胡豆豆,欧阳克蕙,戴正煌,熊小文,谢永忠.潘阳湖湿地灰化苔草草甸群落特征及多样性[J].草业科学,2013,30(6):844-848.
[52]Faith D P.Global biodiversity assessment:Integrating global and local values and human dimensions[J].Global Environmental Change,2005,15(1):5-8.
[2]王正文,邢福,祝廷成,李宪长.松嫩平原羊草草地植物功能群组成及多样性特征对水淹干扰的响应[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(6):708-716.
[3]郭继勋,祝廷成.羊草草原枯枝落叶积累的研究[J].生态学报,1994,14(3):255-259.
[4]李玉中,Redmann R E,祝廷成,李建东.羊草草原豆科牧草生物固定量研究[J].草地学报,2002,10(3):164-166.
[5]郭继勋,祝廷成.羊草草原枯枝落叶分解的研究[J].生态学报,1993,13(3):214-220.
[6]王正文,祝廷成.松嫩草原主要草本植物的生态位关系及其对水淹干扰的响应[J].草业学报,2004,13(3):27-33.
[7]东北师范大学草原研究所.著名草地生态学家祝廷成教授[J].中国草地学报,1987(2):78-79.
[8]刘斌.江西丘岗草地的自然特点及改良利用方式[J].中国草原与牧草,1986,3(6):59-61.
[9]任继国.森林-草地生态系统的农学含义[J].草业科学,1989,6(4):1-3.
[10]胡民强.我国南方林间草地的作用及其放牧利用技术[J].草业科学,2005,22(6):71-74.
[11]高玮,相桂权,杨志杰.长白山北坡林间草地灌丛夏季鸟类群落结构的研究[J].野生动物,1989(3):13-14.
[12]吴春英,张少华,孟庆荔,张道成.开发利用林间、林下草地资源大力发展林区牧业经济[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2005(8):34-35.
[13]任秀龙,李南洙,钟照日,崔文星,金永奎.长白山东麗林间草地开发利用初报[J].中国草地,1994(2):41-44.
[14]陶正刚,刘芳,孙劲.计划火烧对林间草地草产量和质量的影响[J].培训与研究——湖北教育学院学报,2000,17(5):96-98.
[15]刘芳,陶正刚,孙劲.人控火烧林间草地对草产量和质量的影响[J].四川畜牧兽医,2001,28(10):20.
[16]沈景林,石海娟,帅丽芳,王玉平,崔明彦.大兴安岭林间草地产草量及营养品质测定研究[J].草业科学,2002,19(9):9-12.
[17]沈景林,叶喜庭,石海娟,崔明彦,王敬东,孙英,肖占波,王博.大兴安岭林间草地资源品质测定及开发利用研究[J].中国草地,2002,24(3):20-23.
[18]张剑,田迅,杨允菲.林间草地硬质早熟禾无性分株构件的定量分析[J].中国草地,2003,25(2):9-12.
[19]王立,周婵,杨允菲.林间草地寸草苔种群的生长可塑性分析[J].中国草地,2001,23(4):6-10.
[20]曹毅.川东山区林间草地动态规律及其生态适应性[J].草业学报,1995,4(1):52-60.
[21]郭东罡.太岳山油松林对采伐干扰的生态相应研究[D].太原:山西大学,2006.
[22]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,13(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.
[23]潘云芬,徐庆,程元启,尹莉,王翠莲.安徽升金湖自然保护区湿地草本种子植物区系研究[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):304-309.
[24]刘有军,王继和,马全林,张德奎.甘肃省荒漠种子植物科的区系分析[J].草业科学,2008,25(5):22-27.
[25]Raunkiaer D.植物群落-植物群落生态学教程[M].陈庆诚,译.北京:人民教育出版社,1981:71-77.
[26]李博,杨持,林鹏.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:126-129.
[27]Rahbek C.The relationship among area,elevation,and regional species richness in neotropical birds[J].The American Naturalist,1997,149(5):875-902.
[28]Rahbek C.The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness pattens[J].Ecology Letters,2005,8(2):224-239.
[29]Lomolino M V.Elevation gradients of species-density:historical and prospective views[J].Global Ecology and Biogeograp,2001,10(1):3-13.
[30]席琳乔,马丽亚,王喜明,赵贵平,王栋,陈立强,马春晖.天山中段南麓拜城草原植物种类调查[J].草业科学,2013,30(11):1837-1841.
[31]张慧荣.不同生活型草原植物环境适应特性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2008.
[32]杨利民,李建东,杨允菲.草地群落放牧干扰梯度多样性研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,40(6):553-559.
[33]郑慧莹,李建东.松嫩平原的草地植被及其利用保护[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:51-54.
[34]中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:167-188.
[35]髙贤明,陈灵芝.植物生活型分类系统的修订及中国暖温带森林植物生活型谱分析[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):553-559.
[36]刘志彦,陈北光,谢正生,苏志尧.植物生态型分类研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,23(4):365-369.
[37]刘江华,李登武,刘国彬,李小利,侯禧禄.刺槐林下植被的水分生态型和生活型谱特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):95-99.
[38]内蒙古植物志编辑委员会.内蒙古植物志[M].第二版.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1992:12.
[39]Chen X,Li B L.Spatial cariability of functional plant types of trees in NE China[J].Applied Ecology and Environment Research,2005,3(2):39-49.
[40]龙世友,鲍雅静,李政海,高伟,洪光宇,黄硕,邹德喜.内蒙古草原67种植物碳含量分析及与热值的关系研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):112-119.
[41]Baric S,Sturmbauer C.Ecological parallelism and cryptic species in the genus ophiothrix derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,1999,11(1):157-162.
[42]Jung S,Steffen K L,Hee J L.Comparative photoinhibition of a high and a low altitude ecotype of tomato(Lycopersicon hirsutum)to chilling stress under high and low light conditions[J].Plant Science,1998,134(1):69-77.
[43]Pakeman R J,Quested H M.Sampling plant functional traits:What proportion of the species need to be measured[J].Applied Vegetation Science,2007,10:91-96.
[44]Grime J P.Trait convergence and trait divergence in herbaceous plant communities:Mechanisms and consequences[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2006,17:255-260.
[45]马晓勇,上官铁梁.太岳山森林群落物种多样性[J].山地学报,2004,22(5):606-612.
[46]许驭丹,郭东罡,王翠红,张雅丽,雷彩芳,上官铁梁.灵空山油松辽东栎混交林下草本植物物种组成和空间分布格局研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2013,36(4):628-635.
[47]Grime J P.Biodiversity and ecosystem function:The debate deepens[J].Science,1997,277:1260-1261.
[48]Tilman D,Downing J A.Biodiversity and stability in grasslands[J].Nature,1994,367:363-365.
[49]张晶晶,王蕾,许冬梅.荒漠草原自然恢复中植物群落组成及物种多样性[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1091-1094.
[50]Magurran A E.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:35-36.
[51]胡豆豆,欧阳克蕙,戴正煌,熊小文,谢永忠.潘阳湖湿地灰化苔草草甸群落特征及多样性[J].草业科学,2013,30(6):844-848.
[52]Faith D P.Global biodiversity assessment:Integrating global and local values and human dimensions[J].Global Environmental Change,2005,15(1):5-8.