污泥掺烧对焚烧后固体废物污染物排放的影响
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摘要
在佛山某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂开展生活垃圾掺烧市政污泥工业试验,分析5%、10%、15%的市政污泥掺烧对电厂焚烧后固体废物中重金属和二噁英排放的影响。结果表明,掺烧污泥使Cd在飞灰中的分布提高了40%以上,但其他重金属的分布特征仍主要受各自沸点的影响。焚烧固废中重金属含量受污泥的引入影响普遍不显著,飞灰中Cu浸出质量浓度上升20%,Ni、Pb、Hg、Cr的浸出质量浓度波动下降;炉渣中重金属浸出质量浓度波动较大。焚烧飞灰中总二噁英含量与污泥掺烧比例成负相关,且与投料中的Cl质量分数成正相关,与S质量分数成负相关。因此,低于15%的污泥掺烧比例不会显著提升焚烧固废中污染物排放浓度。
The present article is aimed at making an investigation of the impact of the municipal solid residue on the total emission of the municipal solid waste( short for MSW). As is known,there exist large amounts of leachable heavy metals and other toxic equivalents( TEQ) dioxins in the said waste. The present author has first of all done a commercial test in the respect of the cocombustion products as regard to the sludge and MSW in a MSW incineration power plant in Foshan city,affiliated to Guangdong administration,so as to pursue the impact of the solid sludge on the pollutant content rate of the incineration residues. In the process of our investigation and examination,we have added a certain ratio of sludge mass at about 5%,10% and 15% to each testing group,respectively. And,then,an analysis has been done of the heavy metal concentration rates and the leaching features in addition to the TEQ dioxins in the residues left over from the aforementioned incineration examinations. Furthermore,the mass balance of the heavy metal and the dioxins in their own corresponding correlation with the dioxins and Cl,S has also been properly analyzed. This newly made analysis shows that,in the co-combustion process,over the 40% of the content of Cd in the fly ash has been increased to the original mass amount,though the distributive content concentration rates of the other heavy metal residues remain dominated by their own boiling points,which is much similar to those of the control group. What is more,the concentration rates of the heavy metal contents in the residue tend be reluctant to show any significant change due to the introduction of the sludge. On the other hand,the leaching toxicity of Cu in the fly ash has been found slightly increased by over 20% whereas the contents of Ni,Pb,Hg,Cr reveal a fluctuating decrease trend. Therefore,we have found that the leaching toxicity of such heavy metal contents in the slag has been fluctuating,which may probably suggest the anisotropism of the municipal solid wastes.Besides,the entire dioxin concentration rate shows a negative correlation with the sludge mass ratio. At the same time,the total dioxin concentration in the residues has been found positively related to the Cl concentration,though negatively correlated with the S content rate in the material input,which suggests that the sludge can constructively become the inhibiting factors of the dioxin generation,whereas the introduction of sludge into the waste may not have any significant effect on the distribution of the dioxin monomers. Therefore,it can be concluded that it wouldn't be possible for the municipal solid waste incineration power plant to increase the pollutant emission in the incineration residue rate if the co-combustible factor can be kept less than 15% of the sludge increase.
The present article is aimed at making an investigation of the impact of the municipal solid residue on the total emission of the municipal solid waste( short for MSW). As is known,there exist large amounts of leachable heavy metals and other toxic equivalents( TEQ) dioxins in the said waste. The present author has first of all done a commercial test in the respect of the cocombustion products as regard to the sludge and MSW in a MSW incineration power plant in Foshan city,affiliated to Guangdong administration,so as to pursue the impact of the solid sludge on the pollutant content rate of the incineration residues. In the process of our investigation and examination,we have added a certain ratio of sludge mass at about 5%,10% and 15% to each testing group,respectively. And,then,an analysis has been done of the heavy metal concentration rates and the leaching features in addition to the TEQ dioxins in the residues left over from the aforementioned incineration examinations. Furthermore,the mass balance of the heavy metal and the dioxins in their own corresponding correlation with the dioxins and Cl,S has also been properly analyzed. This newly made analysis shows that,in the co-combustion process,over the 40% of the content of Cd in the fly ash has been increased to the original mass amount,though the distributive content concentration rates of the other heavy metal residues remain dominated by their own boiling points,which is much similar to those of the control group. What is more,the concentration rates of the heavy metal contents in the residue tend be reluctant to show any significant change due to the introduction of the sludge. On the other hand,the leaching toxicity of Cu in the fly ash has been found slightly increased by over 20% whereas the contents of Ni,Pb,Hg,Cr reveal a fluctuating decrease trend. Therefore,we have found that the leaching toxicity of such heavy metal contents in the slag has been fluctuating,which may probably suggest the anisotropism of the municipal solid wastes.Besides,the entire dioxin concentration rate shows a negative correlation with the sludge mass ratio. At the same time,the total dioxin concentration in the residues has been found positively related to the Cl concentration,though negatively correlated with the S content rate in the material input,which suggests that the sludge can constructively become the inhibiting factors of the dioxin generation,whereas the introduction of sludge into the waste may not have any significant effect on the distribution of the dioxin monomers. Therefore,it can be concluded that it wouldn't be possible for the municipal solid waste incineration power plant to increase the pollutant emission in the incineration residue rate if the co-combustible factor can be kept less than 15% of the sludge increase.
引文
[1]FU Tao(傅涛),XIAO Qiong(肖琼),ZHAO Xiliang(赵喜亮).Report on sludge treatment and disposal market in China(中国污泥处置处理市场分析报告)[R/OL].[2013].http://zt.h2o-china.com/report/2013/2013wncz_report/index.html.
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[6]KANG Jun(康军),ZHANG Zengqiang(张增强),SHAO Miao(邵淼).Effects of the ratios of maize straw to sewage sludge on speciation of Cu and Zn during corn posting process[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2011,5(2):436-442.
[7]FULLANA A,CONESA J A,FONT R,et al.Form1ation and destruction of chlorinated pollutants during sewage sludge incineration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(10):2953-2958.
[8]ROY M M,DUTTA A,CORSCADDEN K,et al.Review of biosolids management options and co-incineration of a biosolid-derived fuel[J].Waste Management,2011,31(11):2228-2235.
[9]HIRAOKA M,YOSHINO Y.Sludge treatment engineering(污泥处理工程学)[M].ZONG Yongping(宗永平),LIN Zhe(林喆),tran.Shanghai:East China Chemical Engineering Institute Press,1990.
[10]JIANG Xuguang(蒋旭光),YAN Jianhua(严建华).A new technology of fluidized bed combustion for treating paper sludge[J].Power Engineering(动力工程),1996,16(4):34-38.
[11]WERTHER J,OGADA T.Sewage sludge combustion[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,1999,25(1):55-116.
[12]ROVIRA J,MARI M,NADAL M,et al.Use of sewage sludge as secondary fuel in a cement plant:human health risks[J].Environment International,2011,37(1):105-111.
[13]TANG Ying(唐影).Study on the control of pollutants emissions of waste incineration power generation process(垃圾焚烧发电过程污染物排放控制研究)[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[14]LIU Jingyong(刘敬勇),HUANG Limao(黄李茂),CHEN Jiacong(陈佳聪),et al.Effects of the interactions of chlorine,sulfur,phosphorus and minerals during sewage sludge co-incineration on the migration and transformation of Cd[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(12):4407-4420.
[15]WEI Linqing(魏林清).Study on sludge co-combustion technique in pulverized coal fired boiler[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization(中国资源综合利用),2008,26(8):9-12.
[16]YU H,HOU H,BEADHAM I,et al.Determination of potential for air pollution from co-combustion of sludge from a dyeing industry with coal in a pulverized coal-fired boiler[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2014,23(7):1464-1472.
[17]LOPES M H,ABELHA P,OLIVEIRA J F S,et al.Heavy metals behavior during monocombustion and co-combustion of sewage sludge[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2005,22(2):205-220.
[18]CHEN Zhaolin(陈兆林),WEN Junming(温俊明),LIU Chaoyang(刘朝阳),et al.Validity study on co-incineration of municipal sewage sludge and municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2014,8(1):324-328.
[19]WIKSTROM E,RYAN S,TOUATI A,et al.Importance of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(6):1108-1113.
[20]KLEIN D H,ANDREN A W,CARTER J A,et al.Pathways of thirty-seven trace elements through coal-fired power plant[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1975,9(10):973-979.
[21]SUN Lushi(孙路石),LI Min(李敏),XIANG Jun(向军),et al.Characteristics of the ash deposits from incinerated municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Nature Science Edition(华中科技大学学报:自然科学版),2009,37(8):77-79.
[22]VOGG H,BRAUN H,METZGER M,et al.The specific role of cadmium and mercury in municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management&Research,1986,4(1):65-73.
[23]GREENBERG R R,ZOLLER W H,GORDON G E.Composition and size distributions of particles released in refuse incineration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1978,12(5):566-573.
[24]MILLER B B,KANDIYOTI R,DUGWELL D R.Trace element emissions from co-combustion of secondary fuels with coal:a comparison of bench-scale experimental data with predictions of a thermodynamic equilibrium model[J].Energy&Fuels,2002,16(4):956-963.
[25]LI Rundong(李润东),NIE Yongfeng(聂永丰),LI Aimin(李爱民),et al.Study on physicochemical property of fly ash[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology(燃料化学学报),2004,32(2):175-179.
[26]BERMOND A.Limits of sequential extraction procedures re-examined with emphasis on the role of H+ion reactivity[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,445(1):79-88.
[27]LIU Jingyong(刘敬勇),SUN Shuiyu(孙水裕).Effect of solid additive on heavy metal vaporization of fly ash from co-incineration of MSW with sludge at high temperature[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology(燃料化学学报),2012,40(12):1512-1520.
[28]BUEKENS A,HUANG H.Comparative evaluation of techniques for controlling the formation and emission of chlorinated dioxins/furans in municipal waste incineration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1998,62(1):1-33.
[29]SHIN K J,CHANG Y S.Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,dibenzofurans,biphenyls,and heavy metals in fly ash produced from Korean municipal solid waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(11):2655-2666.
[30]LU Shengyong(陆胜勇),YAN Jianhua(严建华),CHEN Tong(陈彤),et al.Study on dioxins emission form plastic and coal cocombustion in a fluidized bed[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology(燃烧科学与技术),2003,9(2):123-127.
[31]GAO Yuntao(高云涛).Analysis on the ratio of multifuel combustion from commissioning system of municipal waste and semi-dry municipal modified sludge co-incineration(垃圾协同半干化市政改性污泥焚烧试运行掺烧比例分析)[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2014.
[2]DENG W Y,YAN J H,LI X D,et al.Emission characteristics of dioxins,furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during fluidized-bed combustion of sewage sludge[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(12):1747-1752.
[3]CIESLIK B M,NAMIESNIK J,KONIECZKA P.Review of sewage sludge management:standards,regulations and analytical methods[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,90:1-15.
[4]MOREIRA R,SOUSA J P,CANHOTO C.Biological testing of a digested sewage sludge and derived composts[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(17):8382-8389.
[5]LI Bo(李博),WANG Fei(王飞),YAN Jianhua(严建华),et al.Feasibility analysis on drying and incineration of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2012,6(10):3399-3404.
[6]KANG Jun(康军),ZHANG Zengqiang(张增强),SHAO Miao(邵淼).Effects of the ratios of maize straw to sewage sludge on speciation of Cu and Zn during corn posting process[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2011,5(2):436-442.
[7]FULLANA A,CONESA J A,FONT R,et al.Form1ation and destruction of chlorinated pollutants during sewage sludge incineration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(10):2953-2958.
[8]ROY M M,DUTTA A,CORSCADDEN K,et al.Review of biosolids management options and co-incineration of a biosolid-derived fuel[J].Waste Management,2011,31(11):2228-2235.
[9]HIRAOKA M,YOSHINO Y.Sludge treatment engineering(污泥处理工程学)[M].ZONG Yongping(宗永平),LIN Zhe(林喆),tran.Shanghai:East China Chemical Engineering Institute Press,1990.
[10]JIANG Xuguang(蒋旭光),YAN Jianhua(严建华).A new technology of fluidized bed combustion for treating paper sludge[J].Power Engineering(动力工程),1996,16(4):34-38.
[11]WERTHER J,OGADA T.Sewage sludge combustion[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,1999,25(1):55-116.
[12]ROVIRA J,MARI M,NADAL M,et al.Use of sewage sludge as secondary fuel in a cement plant:human health risks[J].Environment International,2011,37(1):105-111.
[13]TANG Ying(唐影).Study on the control of pollutants emissions of waste incineration power generation process(垃圾焚烧发电过程污染物排放控制研究)[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[14]LIU Jingyong(刘敬勇),HUANG Limao(黄李茂),CHEN Jiacong(陈佳聪),et al.Effects of the interactions of chlorine,sulfur,phosphorus and minerals during sewage sludge co-incineration on the migration and transformation of Cd[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(12):4407-4420.
[15]WEI Linqing(魏林清).Study on sludge co-combustion technique in pulverized coal fired boiler[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization(中国资源综合利用),2008,26(8):9-12.
[16]YU H,HOU H,BEADHAM I,et al.Determination of potential for air pollution from co-combustion of sludge from a dyeing industry with coal in a pulverized coal-fired boiler[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2014,23(7):1464-1472.
[17]LOPES M H,ABELHA P,OLIVEIRA J F S,et al.Heavy metals behavior during monocombustion and co-combustion of sewage sludge[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2005,22(2):205-220.
[18]CHEN Zhaolin(陈兆林),WEN Junming(温俊明),LIU Chaoyang(刘朝阳),et al.Validity study on co-incineration of municipal sewage sludge and municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2014,8(1):324-328.
[19]WIKSTROM E,RYAN S,TOUATI A,et al.Importance of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(6):1108-1113.
[20]KLEIN D H,ANDREN A W,CARTER J A,et al.Pathways of thirty-seven trace elements through coal-fired power plant[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1975,9(10):973-979.
[21]SUN Lushi(孙路石),LI Min(李敏),XIANG Jun(向军),et al.Characteristics of the ash deposits from incinerated municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Nature Science Edition(华中科技大学学报:自然科学版),2009,37(8):77-79.
[22]VOGG H,BRAUN H,METZGER M,et al.The specific role of cadmium and mercury in municipal solid waste incineration[J].Waste Management&Research,1986,4(1):65-73.
[23]GREENBERG R R,ZOLLER W H,GORDON G E.Composition and size distributions of particles released in refuse incineration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1978,12(5):566-573.
[24]MILLER B B,KANDIYOTI R,DUGWELL D R.Trace element emissions from co-combustion of secondary fuels with coal:a comparison of bench-scale experimental data with predictions of a thermodynamic equilibrium model[J].Energy&Fuels,2002,16(4):956-963.
[25]LI Rundong(李润东),NIE Yongfeng(聂永丰),LI Aimin(李爱民),et al.Study on physicochemical property of fly ash[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology(燃料化学学报),2004,32(2):175-179.
[26]BERMOND A.Limits of sequential extraction procedures re-examined with emphasis on the role of H+ion reactivity[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2001,445(1):79-88.
[27]LIU Jingyong(刘敬勇),SUN Shuiyu(孙水裕).Effect of solid additive on heavy metal vaporization of fly ash from co-incineration of MSW with sludge at high temperature[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology(燃料化学学报),2012,40(12):1512-1520.
[28]BUEKENS A,HUANG H.Comparative evaluation of techniques for controlling the formation and emission of chlorinated dioxins/furans in municipal waste incineration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1998,62(1):1-33.
[29]SHIN K J,CHANG Y S.Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,dibenzofurans,biphenyls,and heavy metals in fly ash produced from Korean municipal solid waste incinerators[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(11):2655-2666.
[30]LU Shengyong(陆胜勇),YAN Jianhua(严建华),CHEN Tong(陈彤),et al.Study on dioxins emission form plastic and coal cocombustion in a fluidized bed[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology(燃烧科学与技术),2003,9(2):123-127.
[31]GAO Yuntao(高云涛).Analysis on the ratio of multifuel combustion from commissioning system of municipal waste and semi-dry municipal modified sludge co-incineration(垃圾协同半干化市政改性污泥焚烧试运行掺烧比例分析)[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2014.