老年康复现状与趋势
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摘要
老龄化带来的问题之一是失能老年人的大量增加。由于衰老、急慢性疾病导致的失能、失智原因复杂,因此在康复治疗过程中要采用综合功能评估、多学科参与的整合照护模式;在老年急性病、急性后期和亚急性、长期照护和临终关怀阶段都要以人为本,提供全程无缝隙的连续康复医疗服务;其康复方法包括康复医院的专业大强度康复训练以及社区和家庭的一般体能康复训练,同时积极采用大数据研究和人工智能技术的支持。最终目的是保持和改善功能,提高老年人的生活品质。
One of the problems of aging is the large increase in the number of disabled elderly people. Due to the complex causes of disability and cognitive impairment caused by aging, acute and chronic diseases, the integrated care mode of comprehensive geriatric assessment and interdisciplinary team work should be adopted in the rehabilitation treatment. In the acute, post-acute and subacute phase of the elderly disease, long-term care and end of life care should be patient-centered, and the whole seamless continuous rehabilitation medical services should be provided; the methods of rehabilitation include professional intensive rehabilitation training in rehabilitation hospitals, general physical rehabilitation training in communities and families, as well as active use of big data research and artificial intelligence technology support. The ultimate goal is to maintain and improve functions and the quality of life of the elderly.
One of the problems of aging is the large increase in the number of disabled elderly people. Due to the complex causes of disability and cognitive impairment caused by aging, acute and chronic diseases, the integrated care mode of comprehensive geriatric assessment and interdisciplinary team work should be adopted in the rehabilitation treatment. In the acute, post-acute and subacute phase of the elderly disease, long-term care and end of life care should be patient-centered, and the whole seamless continuous rehabilitation medical services should be provided; the methods of rehabilitation include professional intensive rehabilitation training in rehabilitation hospitals, general physical rehabilitation training in communities and families, as well as active use of big data research and artificial intelligence technology support. The ultimate goal is to maintain and improve functions and the quality of life of the elderly.
引文
1王瑞芳.国新办就2018年国民经济运行情况举行发布会.中国网.(2019-01-21)[2019-02-21]. http://www.china.com.cn/zhibo/content_74385255.htm.
2李雪峰.第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查成果发布会在京召开.人民网.(2016-10-10)[2019-02-21]. http://world.people.com.cn/nl/2016/1010/c57506-28764803.html.
3张文娟,魏蒙.中国老年人的失能水平到底有多高?——多个数据来源的比较.人口研究,2015, 39(3):34-47.
4世界卫生组织.关于残疾的10个事实.(2017-11)[2019-02-21].https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/disability/zh/.
5 Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity:an approach for clinicians. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity:an approach for clinicians:American Geriatrics Society expert panel on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2012, 60(10):E1-E25.
6 World Health Organization. Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health.[2019-02-21]. http://www.who.int/ageing/global-strategy.
7 Ang YH, Chan DK, Heng DM, et al. Patient outcomes and length of stay in a stroke unit offering both acute and rehabilitation services. Med J Aust, 2003,178(7):333-336.
8陈峥,王玉波.老年中期照护.北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2015:1-11.
9 Holstege MS, Caljouw MA, Zekveld IG, et al. Changes in geriatric rehabilitation:a national programme to improve quality of care.The synergy and innovation in geriatric rehabilitation study. Int J Integr Care, 2015,15:e045.
10 Chen Z, Yu J, Song Y. Aging Beijing:challenges and strategies of health care for the elderly. Ageing Res Rev, 2010(Suppl 1):S2-S5.
11 Ries AL, Bauldoff GS, Carlin BW, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation:joint ACCP/AACVPR evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest, 2007,131(5 Suppl):4S-42S.
12 Wells JL, Seabrook JA, Stolee P, et al. State of the art in geriatric rehabilitation. PartⅡ:clinical challenges. Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003, 84:898-903.
13 Brewer L, Horgan F, Hickey A, et al. Stroke rehabilitation:recent advances and future therapies. QJM, 2013,106(1):11-25.
14 Rothgangel AS, Braun SM. Mirror therapy:practical protocol for stroke rehabilitation.(2013-07)[2019-02-21]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253235147_Mirror_Therapy_Practica l_Protocol_for_Stroke_Rehabilitation.
2李雪峰.第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查成果发布会在京召开.人民网.(2016-10-10)[2019-02-21]. http://world.people.com.cn/nl/2016/1010/c57506-28764803.html.
3张文娟,魏蒙.中国老年人的失能水平到底有多高?——多个数据来源的比较.人口研究,2015, 39(3):34-47.
4世界卫生组织.关于残疾的10个事实.(2017-11)[2019-02-21].https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/disability/zh/.
5 Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity:an approach for clinicians. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity:an approach for clinicians:American Geriatrics Society expert panel on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2012, 60(10):E1-E25.
6 World Health Organization. Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health.[2019-02-21]. http://www.who.int/ageing/global-strategy.
7 Ang YH, Chan DK, Heng DM, et al. Patient outcomes and length of stay in a stroke unit offering both acute and rehabilitation services. Med J Aust, 2003,178(7):333-336.
8陈峥,王玉波.老年中期照护.北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2015:1-11.
9 Holstege MS, Caljouw MA, Zekveld IG, et al. Changes in geriatric rehabilitation:a national programme to improve quality of care.The synergy and innovation in geriatric rehabilitation study. Int J Integr Care, 2015,15:e045.
10 Chen Z, Yu J, Song Y. Aging Beijing:challenges and strategies of health care for the elderly. Ageing Res Rev, 2010(Suppl 1):S2-S5.
11 Ries AL, Bauldoff GS, Carlin BW, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation:joint ACCP/AACVPR evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest, 2007,131(5 Suppl):4S-42S.
12 Wells JL, Seabrook JA, Stolee P, et al. State of the art in geriatric rehabilitation. PartⅡ:clinical challenges. Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2003, 84:898-903.
13 Brewer L, Horgan F, Hickey A, et al. Stroke rehabilitation:recent advances and future therapies. QJM, 2013,106(1):11-25.
14 Rothgangel AS, Braun SM. Mirror therapy:practical protocol for stroke rehabilitation.(2013-07)[2019-02-21]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253235147_Mirror_Therapy_Practica l_Protocol_for_Stroke_Rehabilitation.