公卫医师参与的小学生预防近视健康教育干预效果评价
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摘要
目的研究在有公卫医师参与背景下的小学生预防近视健康教育干预的效果,制定能真实反映小学生近视知识知晓率的操作方案。方法采取整群抽样的方法,从某社区小学三年级所有班级中抽取3个班级作为干预组,其他班级作为对照组,对干预组的学生开展为期3年的预防近视健康教育干预,并在干预前后对所有班级学生进行问卷调查,并测裸眼视力,最终对结果进行比较分析。结果干预后,干预组和对照组的近视知识知晓率分别为69.20%和49.21%;干预组在真假近视、放松眼睛、户外活动3类知识的知晓得分上均显著高于对照组(Z>1.96,P<0.05);干预组和对照组近视率分别为49.66%和64.86%,干预组的近视率低于对照组(χ2=11.553,P<0.05)。结论有公卫医师参与的健康教育干预可明显提高小学生预防近视的知晓率,降低近视患病率。户外活动时间与预防近视、如何放松眼睛以及真假性近视的认识这3类问题在干预组和对照组中的差异最显著。有必要从以上3类问题入手,制定详细的操作方案。
Objective To study the effect of health education intervention for preventing against myopia among primary school students under the background of public health physicians' participation, to develop the operation scheme which can reflects myopia knowledge awareness of the primary school students. Methods Using the method of Cluster sampling, the 3 classes were drawn from all grade three classes in Xinqiao Town as intervention group, the other classes were as control groups. The three-year myopia prevention intervention was carried out in the intervention group, and all students were conducted by questionnaire survey and check the naked eye vision before and after intervention to analyze the related data. Results The awareness of knowledge about myopia of intervention group and control group were 69.20% and 49.21 respectively. The awareness of "true and false myopia", "relax your eyes", and "outdoor activities" in the intervention groups were significantly higher than the control groups(Z>1.96, P<0.05). The prevalence of myopia in intervention group and control group were 49.66% and 64.86% respectively, were statistically significant(χ2=11.553, P<0.05). Conclusion The health education intervention under the background of public health physicians' participation can obviously increase the awareness of knowledge about myopia among primary school students, and decrease prevalence. In the awareness of knowledge about myopia, outdoor activity time and the prevention of myopia, how to relax your eyes, and the understanding of the true myopia or pseudo myopia were the most significant difference in the intervention groups and control groups. A detailed operation scheme should be developed on the basis of these three problems.
Objective To study the effect of health education intervention for preventing against myopia among primary school students under the background of public health physicians' participation, to develop the operation scheme which can reflects myopia knowledge awareness of the primary school students. Methods Using the method of Cluster sampling, the 3 classes were drawn from all grade three classes in Xinqiao Town as intervention group, the other classes were as control groups. The three-year myopia prevention intervention was carried out in the intervention group, and all students were conducted by questionnaire survey and check the naked eye vision before and after intervention to analyze the related data. Results The awareness of knowledge about myopia of intervention group and control group were 69.20% and 49.21 respectively. The awareness of "true and false myopia", "relax your eyes", and "outdoor activities" in the intervention groups were significantly higher than the control groups(Z>1.96, P<0.05). The prevalence of myopia in intervention group and control group were 49.66% and 64.86% respectively, were statistically significant(χ2=11.553, P<0.05). Conclusion The health education intervention under the background of public health physicians' participation can obviously increase the awareness of knowledge about myopia among primary school students, and decrease prevalence. In the awareness of knowledge about myopia, outdoor activity time and the prevention of myopia, how to relax your eyes, and the understanding of the true myopia or pseudo myopia were the most significant difference in the intervention groups and control groups. A detailed operation scheme should be developed on the basis of these three problems.
引文
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[15]刘兴科.中小学生视力低下影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2001,22(6):570-571.
[16]中华人民共和国教育部.中小学学生近视眼防控工作方案[J].实用防盲技术,2008,3(4):7-9.
[17]陈日红,陈腊群,汤华.中小学生近视眼的预防[J].益阳师专学报,2002,l9(6):119-120.
[18]周伟,张一飞,刘成军,等.上海市原南汇地区小学生近视状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(7):1042-1044.
[19]李贵英,欧阳运富.1 687名大学生近视戴镜情况调查分析[J].右江医学,2005,33(3):262-263.
[20]陈璐,黄丽娜.深圳市中小学生视力及视力低常原因[J].中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志,2003,11(2):75.
[21]Chung K,Mohidin N,O’Leary D J,et al.Under correction of myopia enhances rather than inhibits myopia progression[J].Vision Res,2002,42(22):2555-2559.
[2]覃巧玲.视力低下小学生远视、近视与年龄的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2004,25(5):338-339.
[3]李光春,范之成,刘雅,等.中小学生眼屈光度动态变化与近视眼追踪调查分析[J].实用预防医学,1999,6(6):408-409
[4]方旺,杨贤增.少年儿童近视的临床特点及相关环境因素研究[J].山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报,2012,26(3):75-78.
[5]李九莲,邹宇华,李丽霞,等.广州市海珠区小学生近视影响因素的Logistic回归分析[J].华南预防医学,2004,30(3):36-37.
[6]王爱民,张开金,王盛波.小学生近视眼危险因素的病例对照研究[J].中国校医,2002,16(1):63-64.
[7]徐文燕,王书梅.上海市低年级小学生近视发生的危险因素评估[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(8):681-685.
[8]任骁方,肖林.北京市部分小学一年级新生视力不良率及其家庭因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(8):701-704.
[9]Low W,Dirani M,Gazzard G,et al.Family history,near work,outdoor activity,and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2010,94(8):1012-1016.
[10]Jacobsen N,Jensen H,Goldschmidt E.Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia?A 2-year prospective cohort study[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2008,49(4):1322-1327.
[11]Rose K A,Morgan I G,Smith W,et al.Myopia,lifestyle,and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney[J].Arch Ophthalmol,2008,126 4):527-530
[12]季成叶.儿童少年卫生学[M].5版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:56-289.
[13]蔡笃儒,赖春荣.中小学生近视及影响因素调查[J].中国初级卫生保健,2005,19(3):29-30.
[14]Dolgin E.The myopia boom:Short-sightedness is reaching epidemic proportions.Some scientists think they have found a reason why[J].Nature,2015,519,276-278.
[15]刘兴科.中小学生视力低下影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2001,22(6):570-571.
[16]中华人民共和国教育部.中小学学生近视眼防控工作方案[J].实用防盲技术,2008,3(4):7-9.
[17]陈日红,陈腊群,汤华.中小学生近视眼的预防[J].益阳师专学报,2002,l9(6):119-120.
[18]周伟,张一飞,刘成军,等.上海市原南汇地区小学生近视状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(7):1042-1044.
[19]李贵英,欧阳运富.1 687名大学生近视戴镜情况调查分析[J].右江医学,2005,33(3):262-263.
[20]陈璐,黄丽娜.深圳市中小学生视力及视力低常原因[J].中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志,2003,11(2):75.
[21]Chung K,Mohidin N,O’Leary D J,et al.Under correction of myopia enhances rather than inhibits myopia progression[J].Vision Res,2002,42(22):2555-2559.