深海生态过程长期定点观测系统研发及冷泉区科考应用
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摘要
冷泉和热液是深海海洋系统的重要组成部分,因其自身的特殊性质引起海底地形、理化因子的剧烈变化,进而影响海洋动力、热力等过程,并孕育了独特的生态系统。针对冷泉和热液生态系统科学研究中长时间连续定点观测的实际需求,自主研制了深海生态过程长期定点观测系统("冷泉"号着陆器),突破了多传感器同步观测和长期观测能源分配优化策略两项关键技术。本文介绍了"冷泉"号着陆器在深海冷泉区开展的科学应用情况,验证了"冷泉"号着陆器于深海冷泉区长期定点观测技术的可行性、有效性及其对冷泉生态系统的适用性,并取得了多项科考成果。
Cold seep and hydrothermal vents are important parts of deep-sea marine system. They can lead seabed topography and physical and chemical factors to have dramaticly changes due to their special properties, thus affect processes of deep-sea hydrodynamic and thermal processes, and give birth to an unique ecosystem. The scientific research of cold seep and hydrothermal vents need long and continuous detection and sampling equipment to meet the demand of scientific research. The long-term fixed point observation system('LENGQUAN' lander) of deep-sea ecological process is developed independently. In the research the key technologies such as multi-sensor synchronous observation and long-term observation energy distribution strategy are broken through. The paper introduces the application of the system in scientific research of the deep-sea cold seep. In the application, the feasibility, effectiveness and applicability of 'LENGQUAN' lander to the cold seep are verified, and many scientific achievements have been made.
Cold seep and hydrothermal vents are important parts of deep-sea marine system. They can lead seabed topography and physical and chemical factors to have dramaticly changes due to their special properties, thus affect processes of deep-sea hydrodynamic and thermal processes, and give birth to an unique ecosystem. The scientific research of cold seep and hydrothermal vents need long and continuous detection and sampling equipment to meet the demand of scientific research. The long-term fixed point observation system('LENGQUAN' lander) of deep-sea ecological process is developed independently. In the research the key technologies such as multi-sensor synchronous observation and long-term observation energy distribution strategy are broken through. The paper introduces the application of the system in scientific research of the deep-sea cold seep. In the application, the feasibility, effectiveness and applicability of 'LENGQUAN' lander to the cold seep are verified, and many scientific achievements have been made.
引文
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[ 2] 李灿苹,刘学伟,赵罗臣.天然气水合物冷泉和气泡羽状流研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):1048-1056
[ 3] Macdonalda I R,Bender L C,Vardaro M.Thermal and visual time series at a seafloor gas hydrate deposit on the Gulf of Mexico slope[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,233(122):45-59
[ 4] 陈忠,杨华平,黄奇瑜,等.海底甲烷冷泉特征与冷泉生态系统的群落结构[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(6):73-82
[ 5] 邸鹏飞,冯东,高立宝,等.海底冷泉流体渗漏的原位观测技术及冷泉活动特征[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1592-1602
[ 6] Tryon M D,Brown K M.Fluid and chemical cycling at Bush Hill:Implications for gas and hydrate-rich environments[J].Geochemistry,Geosystems,2004,5(12):1-7
[ 7] Shepard A N.Applications of human occupied vehicles at hydrocarbon seeps and vents in the Gulf of Mexico[J].MTS/IEEE Conference and Exibition Oceans.,2001,2:799-806
[ 8] 樊栓狮,刘峰,陈多福.海洋天然气水合物的形成机理探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(5):524-530
[ 9] Feng D,Roberts H H.Initial results of comparing cold-seep carbonates from mussel- and tubeworm- associated environments at Atwater Valley lease block 340,northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II,2010,57(21-23):2030-2039
[10] Joye S B,Bowles M W,Samarkin V A,et al.Biogeochemical signatures and microbial activity of different cold-seep habitats along the Gulf of Mexico deep slope[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II,2010,57(21-23):1990-2001
[11] Roberts H H,Shedd W,Jr J H.Dive site geology:DSV ALVIN (2006) and ROV JASON II (2007) dives to the middle-lower continental slope,northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II,2010,57(21-23):1837-1858
[12] Ritt B,Sarrazin J,Caprais J C,et al.First insights into the structure and environmental setting of cold-seep communities in the Marmara Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part I,2010,57(9):1120-1136
[13] 张汉泉,吴庐山,张锦炜.海底可视技术在天然气水合物勘查中的应用[J].地质通报,2005,24(2):185-188
[14] 陈俊,张奇峰,李俊,等.深渊着陆器技术研究及马里亚纳海沟科考应用[J].海洋技术学报,2017,36(1):63-69
[15] Chen J,Zhang Q,Zhang A,et al.Sea trial and free-fall hydrodynamic research of a 7000-meter lander[C].In:Proceedings of the OCEANS,Washington,USA,2015.1-5