分职业视角下南京市外来工就业空间分布研究——兼论其与城市就业空间的关联
|
摘要
以南京市主城区展开实证,基于"分职业"(商业服务业和生产运输设备操作业)视角,从"就业集聚分区"和"就业中心体系"两方面,探讨外来务工人员就业空间的分布特征,并进一步通过空间拟合解析其与城市就业空间的关联。结果显示:(1)商业服务业外来工就业集聚区大量集中于主城中南部核心区域,生产运输设备操作外来工就业集聚区大量集中于主城北部边缘区域,二者叠加致使外来工就业总体呈现出明显的"核心放射+半环带"的空间分布格局。(2)商业服务业外来工呈单中心就业体系,生产运输设备操作外来工无就业中心,两种职业人口共同集聚致使外来工总体呈现出一"主"一"次"、分具"单一"和"综合"特征的"双中心"结构。(3)商业服务业人员外来工就业集聚区呈现出较好的融合特性,而生产运输设备操作外来工就业集聚区则呈现出吸引和互斥的多重特征,致使外来工总体与城市就业空间呈现出融合与隔离并存的双重特性。(4)外来工分职业和城市分行业就业中心呈现出更多的相似性,商业服务业外来工就业与城市服务业还呈现出明显的分子力作用关系,但叠加之后,两者总体上呈现出了截然相异的空间体系,外来工就业在西北沿江地区形成了独立于城市就业结构的"非依附性质"的另类中心。
ABSTRAC T: Tak ing Nanjing Main City(NMC) as an example, based on the "sub-occupational(commercial service industry and production industry) and overall" perspectives, this paper explores the distribution of employment space of migrant workers from two aspects of "employment agglomeration area" and "employment center system", and further analyzes its relationship with urban employment space by use of space fitting. The results show:(1) Employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry are concentrated in the core areas in the southern part of NMC, those in the production industry are concentrated in the northern edge of NMC, the superposition of these two types of agglomeration areas shows an overall pattern of "core radiating + semi-ring".(2) The migrant workers in the commercial service industry are concentrated in a single employment center, while there are no employment centers for those in the production industry, the combination of which leads to a "dualcenter" structure that has one "center" and one "subcenter" with "single" and "comprehensive" functions respectively.(3) The employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry present a better integration characteristic, while those in production industry present multiple characteristics of attraction and mutual exclusion, which leads to the dual characteristics of integration and isolation in the relationship between the employment spaces.(4) In view of the relationship between the employment centers respectively based on the sub-occupational division of migrant workers and based on the sub-sectoral division of the city, the two have more similarities, and the employment space of migrant workers in the commercial service industry and that of the service industry of the city show an obvious relationship of molecular force. However, after superposition, they show completely different spatial systems, in which migrant workers have formed an independent center in the northwestern area along the Yangtze River that is separated from the urban employment structure.
ABSTRAC T: Tak ing Nanjing Main City(NMC) as an example, based on the "sub-occupational(commercial service industry and production industry) and overall" perspectives, this paper explores the distribution of employment space of migrant workers from two aspects of "employment agglomeration area" and "employment center system", and further analyzes its relationship with urban employment space by use of space fitting. The results show:(1) Employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry are concentrated in the core areas in the southern part of NMC, those in the production industry are concentrated in the northern edge of NMC, the superposition of these two types of agglomeration areas shows an overall pattern of "core radiating + semi-ring".(2) The migrant workers in the commercial service industry are concentrated in a single employment center, while there are no employment centers for those in the production industry, the combination of which leads to a "dualcenter" structure that has one "center" and one "subcenter" with "single" and "comprehensive" functions respectively.(3) The employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry present a better integration characteristic, while those in production industry present multiple characteristics of attraction and mutual exclusion, which leads to the dual characteristics of integration and isolation in the relationship between the employment spaces.(4) In view of the relationship between the employment centers respectively based on the sub-occupational division of migrant workers and based on the sub-sectoral division of the city, the two have more similarities, and the employment space of migrant workers in the commercial service industry and that of the service industry of the city show an obvious relationship of molecular force. However, after superposition, they show completely different spatial systems, in which migrant workers have formed an independent center in the northwestern area along the Yangtze River that is separated from the urban employment structure.
引文
[1]徐卞融,吴晓.基于“居住-就业”视角的南京市流动人口空间分异研究[J].规划师,2010,26(7):113-120.XU Bianrong,WU Xiao.Residence-Employment Based Transient Population:Nanjing Study[J].Planners,2010,26(7):113-120.
2吴晓.大城市进城农民的就业空间结构探析--以南京主城区为实证[J].城市规划学刊,2011(6):94-103.WU Xiao.A Spatial Analysis of Employment Structure of Floating Population in Big Cities:The Case of the Main City of Nanjing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2011(6):94-103.
3左为,吴晓.大城市农民工就业空间集聚的分性别特征--以南京主城区为实证[J].南方人口,2017,32(4):11-26.ZUO Wei,WU Xiao.The Gender Characteristics of the Rural Migrants’Employment Spatial Distribution in the Great Metropolises of China:A Case Study of Nanjing Downtown[J].South China Population,2017,32(4):11-26.
4左为,吴晓,强欢欢.性别视角下外来务工人员就业空间的分异探析--以南京市主城区为实证[J].城市规划,2017,41(8):54-64.ZUO Wei,WU Xiao,QIANG Huanhuan.Analysis on the Differentiation of Employment Space of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Gender:An Empirical Study on the Main City of Nanjing[J].City Planning Review,2017,41(8):54-64.
5徐卞融,吴晓.基于“居住-就业”视角的南京市流动人口职住空间分离量化[J].城市规划学刊,2010(5):87-97.XU Bianrong,WU Xiao.Quantitative Analysis of Separation of Residential and Employment Space of the Floating Population in Nanjing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2010(5):87-97.
6黄潇仪,吴晓.南京市流动人口职住空间的差异性评估[C]//中国城市规划学会.2014中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.HUANG Xiaoyi,WU Xiao.Evaluation on the Difference of Working Space and Living Space of the Floating Population in Nanjing[C]//Urban Planning Society of China.UrbanRural Governance and Planning Reform:Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference 2014.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
7林耿,王炼军.阶层化背景下的就业空间--以常住人口与流动人口为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1070-1082.LIN Geng,WANG Lianjun.A Case Study on Vocation Space of Permanent Population and Floating Population in the Context of Social Stratification[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(6):1070-1082.
8王慧,吴晓,郑浩.流动人口就业空间的集聚性和城市就业空间的关联研究--以南京市主城区为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(5):31-39.WANG Hui,WU Xiao,ZHENG Hao.A Preliminary Analysis of the Correlation of Migrant Workers’Employment Spatial Agglomeration and Urban Employment Space:A Case of Nanjing Main City[J].Human Geography,2014,29(5):31-39.
9罗仁朝,王德.上海市流动人口不同聚居形态及其社会融合差异研究[J].城市规划学刊,2006(6):92-99.LUO Renchao,WANG De.A Study on the Difference of Social Integration of the Different Floating Population Aggregation Types in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2006(6):92-99.
10吴晓.我国大城市流动人口居住空间解析--面向农民工的实证研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010.WU Xiao.An Analysis of Residential Space of Migrant Population in Metropolitan Cities of China:An Empirical Study of Migrant Workers[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2010.
11秦波,王新峰.探索识别中心的新方法--以上海生产性服务业空间分布为例[J].城市发展研究,2010,17(6):43-48.QIN Bo,WANG Xinfeng.Exploring a New Approach to Define Urban Center:A Study on Producer Services Distribution in Shanghai[J].Urban Development Studies,2010,17(6):43-48.
(1)2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据显示,城市流动人口集中从事的职业是“商业、服务业”和“生产、运输设备操作”,分别占全部流动劳动力的29.80%和48.14%,其中,商业、服务业人员包括批发零售贸易餐饮业、金融、保险、房地产、社会服务人员;生产运输业设备操作人员包括制造业、建筑业、运输业人员。
(2)2013年初,南京市行政区划进行了较大幅度的调整。本文仍以2009年问卷调研以及2008年“经普”数据统计时的南京市行政区划为准,以保持研究和统计口径上的一致。
(3)数据来自南京市统计局发布的《南京市经济普查年鉴2008》。
(4)数据来自南京市规划局发布的2007年南京市土地利用现状图。
(5)参见:王慧,吴晓,强欢欢.南京市主城区就业空间布局初探.经济地理,2014,34(6):115-123。
2吴晓.大城市进城农民的就业空间结构探析--以南京主城区为实证[J].城市规划学刊,2011(6):94-103.WU Xiao.A Spatial Analysis of Employment Structure of Floating Population in Big Cities:The Case of the Main City of Nanjing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2011(6):94-103.
3左为,吴晓.大城市农民工就业空间集聚的分性别特征--以南京主城区为实证[J].南方人口,2017,32(4):11-26.ZUO Wei,WU Xiao.The Gender Characteristics of the Rural Migrants’Employment Spatial Distribution in the Great Metropolises of China:A Case Study of Nanjing Downtown[J].South China Population,2017,32(4):11-26.
4左为,吴晓,强欢欢.性别视角下外来务工人员就业空间的分异探析--以南京市主城区为实证[J].城市规划,2017,41(8):54-64.ZUO Wei,WU Xiao,QIANG Huanhuan.Analysis on the Differentiation of Employment Space of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Gender:An Empirical Study on the Main City of Nanjing[J].City Planning Review,2017,41(8):54-64.
5徐卞融,吴晓.基于“居住-就业”视角的南京市流动人口职住空间分离量化[J].城市规划学刊,2010(5):87-97.XU Bianrong,WU Xiao.Quantitative Analysis of Separation of Residential and Employment Space of the Floating Population in Nanjing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2010(5):87-97.
6黄潇仪,吴晓.南京市流动人口职住空间的差异性评估[C]//中国城市规划学会.2014中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.HUANG Xiaoyi,WU Xiao.Evaluation on the Difference of Working Space and Living Space of the Floating Population in Nanjing[C]//Urban Planning Society of China.UrbanRural Governance and Planning Reform:Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference 2014.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
7林耿,王炼军.阶层化背景下的就业空间--以常住人口与流动人口为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1070-1082.LIN Geng,WANG Lianjun.A Case Study on Vocation Space of Permanent Population and Floating Population in the Context of Social Stratification[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(6):1070-1082.
8王慧,吴晓,郑浩.流动人口就业空间的集聚性和城市就业空间的关联研究--以南京市主城区为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(5):31-39.WANG Hui,WU Xiao,ZHENG Hao.A Preliminary Analysis of the Correlation of Migrant Workers’Employment Spatial Agglomeration and Urban Employment Space:A Case of Nanjing Main City[J].Human Geography,2014,29(5):31-39.
9罗仁朝,王德.上海市流动人口不同聚居形态及其社会融合差异研究[J].城市规划学刊,2006(6):92-99.LUO Renchao,WANG De.A Study on the Difference of Social Integration of the Different Floating Population Aggregation Types in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2006(6):92-99.
10吴晓.我国大城市流动人口居住空间解析--面向农民工的实证研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010.WU Xiao.An Analysis of Residential Space of Migrant Population in Metropolitan Cities of China:An Empirical Study of Migrant Workers[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2010.
11秦波,王新峰.探索识别中心的新方法--以上海生产性服务业空间分布为例[J].城市发展研究,2010,17(6):43-48.QIN Bo,WANG Xinfeng.Exploring a New Approach to Define Urban Center:A Study on Producer Services Distribution in Shanghai[J].Urban Development Studies,2010,17(6):43-48.
(1)2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据显示,城市流动人口集中从事的职业是“商业、服务业”和“生产、运输设备操作”,分别占全部流动劳动力的29.80%和48.14%,其中,商业、服务业人员包括批发零售贸易餐饮业、金融、保险、房地产、社会服务人员;生产运输业设备操作人员包括制造业、建筑业、运输业人员。
(2)2013年初,南京市行政区划进行了较大幅度的调整。本文仍以2009年问卷调研以及2008年“经普”数据统计时的南京市行政区划为准,以保持研究和统计口径上的一致。
(3)数据来自南京市统计局发布的《南京市经济普查年鉴2008》。
(4)数据来自南京市规划局发布的2007年南京市土地利用现状图。
(5)参见:王慧,吴晓,强欢欢.南京市主城区就业空间布局初探.经济地理,2014,34(6):115-123。