深孔爆破技术在不规则台阶中的应用
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摘要
为了解决废弃矿区垦造水田工程,存在采矿遗留高度3～10 m不规则台阶的问题。且因为工期紧,对这些不规则台阶不能采取浅孔台阶爆破和深孔爆破相结合的方式施工。同时,低台阶开挖采取大于50 mm孔径爆破施工缺少理论依据,工程案例也较少。为此,根据以往经验和参考多边界石方爆破药量计算原理并结合现有钻孔设备,对不规则台阶采取梅花形布孔,用φ90 mm钻机钻孔,其中钻机无法打孔的局部位置在其后侧加密倾斜孔。采取多排深孔延时爆破技术,累计14 h一次性施工。因已购非电雷管段别有限,则利用现有雷管组网,采取分区接力的起爆网路,一次性成功爆破了高低不平的不规则台阶,除了爆堆表层2 m左右范围内有大石块,其余位置岩石破碎块度较小,爆破后无根底,达到预期效果,为后续工作创造了有利条件。
The paddy field project in the abandoned mining area has irregular bench with a height of 3-10 meters. Because of the tight construction period, it is not allowed to adopt the method of combination of short-hole blasting and deep-hole blasting to these irregular benches. In addition, there is a lack of theoretical basis and fewer engineering cases for the construction of the short bench with an aperture of more than 50 mm. Therefore, based on the past experience and reference to the principle of charge amount calculation in multilateral boundary rock and combined with existing drilling equipment, the irregular benches are taken to be drilled by a φ90 mm drilling machine, and the local position where the drilling machine can't be drilled is encrypted in the back side of the slope hole. This blasting project, a total of 14 hours one-off construction,adopt the multi-row bore millisecond deep-hole blasting. Due to the restriction segments of non-electric detonators which have been purchased, the existing detonator network is used to form firing circuit being partitioned and relayed. The irregular benches are successfully destroyed at one time, except for the large stone within 2 m of the surface layer of the explosion. In the rest of the block, the bottom is fairly flat after blasting, which achieves the expected effect and creates favorable conditions for the follow-up work.
The paddy field project in the abandoned mining area has irregular bench with a height of 3-10 meters. Because of the tight construction period, it is not allowed to adopt the method of combination of short-hole blasting and deep-hole blasting to these irregular benches. In addition, there is a lack of theoretical basis and fewer engineering cases for the construction of the short bench with an aperture of more than 50 mm. Therefore, based on the past experience and reference to the principle of charge amount calculation in multilateral boundary rock and combined with existing drilling equipment, the irregular benches are taken to be drilled by a φ90 mm drilling machine, and the local position where the drilling machine can't be drilled is encrypted in the back side of the slope hole. This blasting project, a total of 14 hours one-off construction,adopt the multi-row bore millisecond deep-hole blasting. Due to the restriction segments of non-electric detonators which have been purchased, the existing detonator network is used to form firing circuit being partitioned and relayed. The irregular benches are successfully destroyed at one time, except for the large stone within 2 m of the surface layer of the explosion. In the rest of the block, the bottom is fairly flat after blasting, which achieves the expected effect and creates favorable conditions for the follow-up work.
引文
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[2] 杜建科.城镇石方大孔径浅孔控制爆破[J].采矿技术,2013,13(5):101-102.DU J K.Large aperture shallow hole controlled blasting for urban stone work[J].Mining Technology,2013,13(5):101-102.
[3] 纪旭,汪龙.大孔径浅台阶控制爆破在重庆地区的应用[J].爆破,2015,32(1):57-60.JI X,WANG L.Application of controlled blasting with large diameter and shallow bench in Chongqing area[J].Blasting,2015,32(1):57-60.
[4] 何松,林大能,喻智,等.深孔结合浅孔台阶微差爆破开挖路基[J].采矿技术,2017,17(1):52-54.HE S,LIN D N,YU Z,et al.Deep hole combined with short hole bench lasting to excavate subgrade[J].Mining Technology,2017,17(1):52-54.
[5] 高文学,徐树焕,刘民,等.多边界石方爆破药量计算原理与应用研究[J].爆破,2010,27(3):4-8.GAO W X,XU S H,LIU M,et al.Research on principle of charge amount calculationin multilateral roundary rock and its practice[J].Blasting,2010,27(3):4-8.
[6] 张中雷,管志强,李厚龙,等.城区复杂环境213 t炸药大区深孔爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2016,22(5),77-82.ZHANG Z L,GUAN Z Q,LI H L,et al.Blasting technology of 213 t dynamite large-scale deep-hole complex environment of urban area[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5),77-82.
[7] 吕淑然,姚浩辉,王立强.电子数码雷管在铁矿采场爆破中的应用研究[J].工程爆破,2013,19(3),53-56.LYU S R,YAO H H,WANG L Q.The study and application of blasting with digital electronic detonator in iron ore stope[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(3),53-56.
[8] 李德林,王伟策,高振儒.深孔微差爆破合理间隔时间的研究[J].爆破,1999,16(3),74-77.LI D L,WANG W C,GAO Z R.Experimental study on the rational delay interval of millisecond borehole blasting[J].Blasting,1999,16(3),74-77.
[9] 刘倩,吕淑然.露天台阶爆破毫秒延时间隔时间研究[J].工程爆破,2014,20(1),54-58.LIU Q,LYU S R.Research on the millisecond delay interval time of open-pit bench blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2014,20(1),54-58.
[10] SHI X Z,CHEN S R.Delay time optimization in blasting operations for mitigating the vibration-effects on final pit walls’ stability[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering ,2011(31):1 154-1 158.
[11] 国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB 6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.
[12] 汪旭光,张正忠,刘殿书,等.爆破手册.[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010.WANG X G,ZHANG Z Z,LIU D S,et al.Handbook of blasting[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2010.