裂隙张开度测量的改进中轴算法及应用研究
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摘要
裂隙张开度是决定裂隙岩体渗透特性的关键因素,其分布特点的精确获取对科学评价裂隙岩体的渗透特性具有重要意义。由于裂隙形态复杂多样,传统测量方法在获取裂隙张开度时存在一定局限性。为了更加准确高效地测量裂隙张开度,在总结前人测量方法的基础上,改进了多边形中轴算法,并从张开度的定义出发,将其运用于裂隙张开度的测量。采用该改进方法对某高放废物处置库候选场址典型断裂带碎裂岩中3种不同类型裂隙的张开度分布进行测量,同时对比最小外接矩形法及中心线法的测量结果。对比发现,改进的张开度中轴算法较传统算法原理简单,易于编程实现,测量结果精度更高,且对不同形态裂隙的张开度测量适用性好,从而验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。研究方法为裂隙张开度的准确测量提供了一种新的切实可行的途径。
The fracture aperture affects the permeability of fractured rock mass greatly. It is significant for characterizing the inner structure and evaluating the permeability of fractured rock. However,as the morphology of fracture in nature is diverse and complex,the traditional aperture measurements have some limits when measuring the aperture. In order to measure the fracture aperture more accurately and efficiently,on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the methods of fracture aperture measurement proposed by the former researchers,an improved Central Axis Algorithm of Aperture according to the definition of the fracture aperture was proposed. In order to validate the reliability and practicability of this method,three typical fractures with different morphological complexity were collected from the cataclasite in the fault zone of a high-level radioactive waste repository candidate site,and their fractures were measured by the CAAA. Compared with the results obtained by two other traditional measurement methods,the Minimum Enclosing Rectangle Algorithm and the Central Line Algorithm,the CAAA result is closer to the real condition,which proves that the CAAA is simple in principle and easy to programming,and has high reliability and applicability.Therefore,the proposed method provides a new practical way to accurately measure the fracture aperture.
The fracture aperture affects the permeability of fractured rock mass greatly. It is significant for characterizing the inner structure and evaluating the permeability of fractured rock. However,as the morphology of fracture in nature is diverse and complex,the traditional aperture measurements have some limits when measuring the aperture. In order to measure the fracture aperture more accurately and efficiently,on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the methods of fracture aperture measurement proposed by the former researchers,an improved Central Axis Algorithm of Aperture according to the definition of the fracture aperture was proposed. In order to validate the reliability and practicability of this method,three typical fractures with different morphological complexity were collected from the cataclasite in the fault zone of a high-level radioactive waste repository candidate site,and their fractures were measured by the CAAA. Compared with the results obtained by two other traditional measurement methods,the Minimum Enclosing Rectangle Algorithm and the Central Line Algorithm,the CAAA result is closer to the real condition,which proves that the CAAA is simple in principle and easy to programming,and has high reliability and applicability.Therefore,the proposed method provides a new practical way to accurately measure the fracture aperture.
引文
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[15]王耀东,余祖俊,白彪,等.基于图像处理的地铁隧道裂缝识别算法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(7):1489-1496.
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[17]赵芳,王卫星,金文标.基于角点分段算法的岩石裂隙宽度测量及分析[J].计算机应用研究,2006,23(11):137-140.
[18]肖明明,刘观仕,陈永贵.土体裂隙图像处理方法进展[J].土工基础,2015,29(4):115-118.
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[20]夏良正.数字图像处理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1999.
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[23] Hakami E. Aperture distribution of rock fractures[D]. Stockholm:Royal Institute of technology,1995.
[2]锁沛斯.断裂带内在结构特征及其表征方法研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[3]熊祥斌,张楚汉,王恩志.岩石单裂隙稳态渗流研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9)1839-1847.
[4] Song F,Dong Y H,Xu Z F,et al. Granite microcracks:Structure and connectivity at different depths[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,124:156-168.
[5]刘倩.裂隙岩体渗透特性尺寸效应及其影响因素研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.
[6]速宝玉,詹美礼,赵坚.光滑裂隙水流模型实验及其机理初探[J].水利学报,1994(5):19-24.
[7]岳中琦.岩土细观介质空间分布数字表述和相关力学数值分析的方法、应用和进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):875-888.
[8]陈从新,刘秀敏,刘才华.数字图像技术在岩石细观力学研究中的应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S1):53-61.
[9] Keller A. High resolution,non-destructive measurement and characterization of fracture apertures[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1998,35(8):1037–1050.
[10] Mazumder S,Wolf K H A A,Elewaut K,et al. Application of X-ray computed tomography for analyzing cleat spacing and cleat aperture in coal samples[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006,68(3–4):205-222.
[11] Ramandi H L Armstrong R T,Mostaghimi P. Micro-CT image calibration to improve fracture aperture measurement[J]. Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing&Evaluation,2016,6(PB).
[12]刘春,王宝军,施斌,等.基于数字图像识别的岩土体裂隙形态参数分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(9):1383-1388.
[13]方志,彭海涛.基于图像分析技术的混凝土桥梁结构表面裂缝宽度检测[J].湖南大学学报:自科版,2012,39(1):7-12.
[14]黎伟,刘观仕,姚婷.膨胀土裂隙图像处理及特征提取方法的改进[J].岩土力学,2014,35(12):3619-3626.
[15]王耀东,余祖俊,白彪,等.基于图像处理的地铁隧道裂缝识别算法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(7):1489-1496.
[16]王卫星,段姣.基于数字图像处理技术的岩石节理宽度测量[J].微型机与应用,2005,24(10):51-52.
[17]赵芳,王卫星,金文标.基于角点分段算法的岩石裂隙宽度测量及分析[J].计算机应用研究,2006,23(11):137-140.
[18]肖明明,刘观仕,陈永贵.土体裂隙图像处理方法进展[J].土工基础,2015,29(4):115-118.
[19] Otsu N. A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man&Cybernetics,2007,9(1):62-66.
[20]夏良正.数字图像处理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1999.
[21] Gonzalez R C,Woods R E. Digital Image Processing 2nd edition[M]. Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2002.
[22]周培德,周忠平.确定任意多边形中轴的算法[J].北京理工大学学报,2000,20(6):708-711.
[23] Hakami E. Aperture distribution of rock fractures[D]. Stockholm:Royal Institute of technology,1995.