大兴安岭北部天然针叶林土壤氮矿化特征
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摘要
采用顶盖埋管法对大兴安岭地区天然针叶林(樟子松林、樟子松-兴安落叶松混交林和兴安落叶松林)土壤铵态氮(NH~+_4-N)、硝态氮(NO~-_3-N)、净氮矿化速率进行研究,并探索土壤理化性质与氮矿化之间的相关性,为大兴安岭地区森林生态系统土壤养分管理及森林经营提供帮助。结果表明:观测期内(5—10月)3种林型土壤无机氮变化范围为31.51—70.42 mg/kg,以NH~+_4-N形式存在为主,占比达90%以上,且与纯林相比混交林土壤无机氮含量较高。3种林型土壤净氮矿化、净氨化、净硝化速率月变化趋势呈V型,7、8月表现为负值,其他月份为正值。净氮矿化速率变化范围樟子松林为-0.54—1.28 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)、樟子松-兴安落叶松混交林为-0.13—0.55 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)、兴安落叶松林为-0.80—1.05 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)。土壤净氨化过程在土壤氮矿化中占主要地位,占比达60%以上。3种林型土壤净氮矿化、净氨化及净硝化速率垂直差异显著,0—10 cm土层矿化作用明显高于10—20 cm土层(P<0.05)。土壤氮矿化速率与土壤含水量、土壤有机碳含量、土壤C/N、枯落物全氮含量和枯落物C/N均存在显著相关性。不同类型的森林土壤及枯落物的质量也存在差异,进而影响土壤氮矿化特征。
The characteristics of the ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO~-_3-N), and nitrogen mineralization rate were investigated using the method of in situ top-closed incubation in natural coniferous forests(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica-Larix gmelinii mixed forest, and Larix gmelini forest) in Daxing′an Mountains. This study was aimed at comparing the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in different forest types, and exploring the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and nitrogen mineralization, which will help to improve soil nutrient and forest management in the Daxing′an Mountains. The results showed that the soil inorganic nitrogen in three forest types ranged from 31.51 to 70.42 mg/kg, of which > 90% was in the form of NH~+_4-N during the observation period(5—10 months). The soil inorganic nitrogen content in the mixed forest was higher than that in the pure forest. The net nitrogen mineralization, ammonization, and nitrification rates of the three forest types were all negative in July and August and positive in other months with a clear seasonal pattern of a V-type change. The range of net nitrogen mineralization rate of the three forest types was-0.54 to 1.28 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest),-0.13 to 0.55 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1 )(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica-Larix gmelinii mixed forest), and-0.80 to 1.05 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)(Larix gmelini forest), respectively. The soil net ammonization dominated in the process of the soil nitrogen mineralization, and accounted for > 60% of the total amount of soil nitrogen mineralization. The vertical net nitrogen mineralization, net ammonization, and net nitrification rates were significantly different among the three forest types, with a significantly higher rate(P < 0.05) in the 0—10 cm soil layer than that in the 10—20 cm soil layer. Soil nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with soil moisture content, organic matter content, soil C/N, total nitrogen content, and C/N of the litter. We concluded that the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization were affected by the different quality of soils and litter in different forest types in the Daxing′an Mountains.
The characteristics of the ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO~-_3-N), and nitrogen mineralization rate were investigated using the method of in situ top-closed incubation in natural coniferous forests(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica-Larix gmelinii mixed forest, and Larix gmelini forest) in Daxing′an Mountains. This study was aimed at comparing the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in different forest types, and exploring the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and nitrogen mineralization, which will help to improve soil nutrient and forest management in the Daxing′an Mountains. The results showed that the soil inorganic nitrogen in three forest types ranged from 31.51 to 70.42 mg/kg, of which > 90% was in the form of NH~+_4-N during the observation period(5—10 months). The soil inorganic nitrogen content in the mixed forest was higher than that in the pure forest. The net nitrogen mineralization, ammonization, and nitrification rates of the three forest types were all negative in July and August and positive in other months with a clear seasonal pattern of a V-type change. The range of net nitrogen mineralization rate of the three forest types was-0.54 to 1.28 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest),-0.13 to 0.55 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1 )(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica-Larix gmelinii mixed forest), and-0.80 to 1.05 mg kg~(-1) d~(-1)(Larix gmelini forest), respectively. The soil net ammonization dominated in the process of the soil nitrogen mineralization, and accounted for > 60% of the total amount of soil nitrogen mineralization. The vertical net nitrogen mineralization, net ammonization, and net nitrification rates were significantly different among the three forest types, with a significantly higher rate(P < 0.05) in the 0—10 cm soil layer than that in the 10—20 cm soil layer. Soil nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with soil moisture content, organic matter content, soil C/N, total nitrogen content, and C/N of the litter. We concluded that the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization were affected by the different quality of soils and litter in different forest types in the Daxing′an Mountains.
引文
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[10] Bonito G M,Coleman D C,Haines B L,Cabrera M L.Can nitrogen budgets explain differences in soil nitrogen mineralization rates of forest stands along an elevation gradient?Forest Ecology and Management,2003,176(1/3):563- 574.
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[15] 刘玉槐,严员英,张艳杰,严月,赵玉皓,徐燕,陈伏生,葛体达,鲁顺保.不同温度条件下亚热带森林土壤碳矿化对氮磷添加的响应.生态学报,2017,37(23):7994- 8004.
[16] 王雪,郭雪莲,郑荣波,王山峰,刘双圆,田伟.放牧对滇西北高原纳帕海沼泽化草甸湿地土壤氮转化的影响.生态学报,2018,38(7):2308- 2314.
[17] 刘杏认,董云社,齐玉春,Domroes M.温带典型草地土壤净氮矿化作用研究.环境科学,2007,28(3):633- 639.
[18] 王斌,陈亚明,周志宇.贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度上土壤氮素矿化作用的研究.中国沙漠,2007,27(3):483- 490.
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[22] 莫江明,郁梦德,孔国辉.鼎湖山马尾松人工林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态研究.植物生态学报,1997,21(4):335- 341.
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[24] 黄容,潘开文,王进闯,李伟.岷江上游半干旱河谷区3种林型土壤氮素的比较.生态学报,2010,30(5):1210- 1216.
[25] Jones D L,Healey J R,Willett V B,Farrar J F,Hodge A.Dissolved organic nitrogen uptake by plants—an important N uptake pathway?Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(3):413- 423.
[26] 张俊俊.秦岭山地森林和草甸生态系统土壤碳氮动态特征及其对气候变化的响应[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[27] 李检舟,沙丽清,王君,冯文婷,陈建会,李江林.云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤氮矿化季节变化.山地学报,2006,24(2):186- 192.
[28] 李贵才,韩兴国,黄建辉.哀牢山木果柯林及其退化植被下土壤无机氮库的干季动态特征.植物生态学报,2001,25(2):210- 217.
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