基于EEG探索刺激条件下设计中的顿悟现象
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摘要
目的:创新设计是一个创造过程,需要不断创新以产生更好的设计概念。顿悟是一个豁然开朗的体验,往往伴随着全新角度的认识及更具创造力的答案。设计中的顿悟能有效提高设计方案的创新性,结合认知神经科学手段进行脑电实验研究有助于了解并促进这一过程。方法:比较了8名被试在解决心理学领域经典顿悟问题和设计问题的EEG脑电数据的异同,并结合回顾性口语及草图分析评估设计想法,以此探索设计问题中顿悟的产生机制,并进一步探究了远领域刺激对设计中顿悟的促进作用。结果:在设计问题解决过程中,远领域刺激下的被试产生了与经典顿悟问题解决类似的顿悟反应,右半球中央颞区(CT区)会出现gamma波的突然上升,显示出比自由设计任务更强的同步性,其设计想法更具创新性,专家评分更高。结论:远领域材料刺激了远距离知识的组合和顿悟的产生,设计想法更具创新性。研究结果为创新设计辅助工具的完善提供了一定的理论依据。
Objective:This paper aims to understand and promote innovation design process by the study of insight's generation mechanism. Innovation design is a creating process. Designers need to be innovative to create better solution in this process. Insight is an "Aha!" experience, which is normally accompanied with a brand new angle of cognition and more creative solutions. Insight in design process can highly improve the innovation of design solutions. Cognitive neuroscience method is used to study the changing rule of gamma band in insight process. Method: The differences and similarities of eight subjects' EEG data in problem dealing process were compared. The retrospective remarks and sketches were analyzed and evaluated in order to seek the feasibility of insight in design problem solving. The promotion of long-distance stimulation to insight in design process was investigated. Result: The paper discovers that in design process, subjects can have insight. Like dealing with classic psychological insight problems, there would be a rising of gamma band in right hemisphere centrotemporal area. Stronger synchronism of gamma band is found in CT area of long-distance stimulated design process, compared with that in free design process. Their design solutions are more innovative and the score of expert's evaluation is higher. Conclusion: Far inter-domain information stimulates the combination of long-distance knowledge and the occurrence of insight, which further leads to more innovative ideas. This result provides certain theoretical foundation for design assistant tool.
Objective:This paper aims to understand and promote innovation design process by the study of insight's generation mechanism. Innovation design is a creating process. Designers need to be innovative to create better solution in this process. Insight is an "Aha!" experience, which is normally accompanied with a brand new angle of cognition and more creative solutions. Insight in design process can highly improve the innovation of design solutions. Cognitive neuroscience method is used to study the changing rule of gamma band in insight process. Method: The differences and similarities of eight subjects' EEG data in problem dealing process were compared. The retrospective remarks and sketches were analyzed and evaluated in order to seek the feasibility of insight in design problem solving. The promotion of long-distance stimulation to insight in design process was investigated. Result: The paper discovers that in design process, subjects can have insight. Like dealing with classic psychological insight problems, there would be a rising of gamma band in right hemisphere centrotemporal area. Stronger synchronism of gamma band is found in CT area of long-distance stimulated design process, compared with that in free design process. Their design solutions are more innovative and the score of expert's evaluation is higher. Conclusion: Far inter-domain information stimulates the combination of long-distance knowledge and the occurrence of insight, which further leads to more innovative ideas. This result provides certain theoretical foundation for design assistant tool.
引文
[1]罗劲.顿悟的大脑机制[J].心理学报,2004,36(2):219-234.
[2]罗劲,张秀玲.从困境到超越:顿悟的脑机制研究[J].心理科学进展,2006,14(4):484-489.
[3]邱江,张庆林.创新思维中原型激活促发顿悟的认知神经机制[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(3):312-317.
[4]邱江.顿悟问题解决中原型激活的认知神经机制[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[5]邱江,张庆林.字谜解决中的“啊哈”效应:来自ERP研究的证据[J].科学通报,2007,52(22):2625-2631.
[6]张庆林,田燕,邱江.顿悟中原型激活的大脑自动响应机制:灵感机制初探[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(9):1-10.
[7]傅小兰.探讨顿悟的心理过程与大脑机制--评罗劲的《顿悟的大脑机制》[J].心理学报,2004,36(2):234-237.
[8]Sandkühler S,Bhattacharya J.Deconstructing insight:EEGcorrelates of insightful problem solving[J].Plos One,2007,3(1):498-498.
[9]Jungbeeman M,Bowden E M,Haberman J,et al.Neural Activity When People Solve Verbal Problems with Insight[J].Plos Biology,2004,2(4):2-4.
[10]Rothmaler K,Nigbur R,Ivanova G.New Insights into Insight:Neurophysiological Correlates of the Difference Between the Intrinsic“Aha”and the Extrinsic“Oh Yes”Moment[J].Neuropsychologia,2016.
[11]Dietrich A,Kanso R.A review of EEG,ERP,and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight.[J].Psychological Bulletin,2010,136(5):822-48.
[12]A.Rosen,M.Reiner.Right frontal gamma and beta band enhancement while solving a spatial puzzle with insight[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2016.
[13]Chandrasekera T,Vo N,D'Souza N.The effect of subliminal suggestions on Sudden Moments of Inspiration(SMI)in the design process[J].Design Studies,2012,34(2):193-215.
[14]王业成.潜意识暗示下手绘过程中顿悟的研究及原型系统设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2016.
[15]BUCHANAN R.Wicked problems in design thinking[J].Design Issues,1992,8(2):5-21.
[16]袁萍,熊艳,李彦,刘龙繁,李梦蝶.基于EEGα波活动探究信息激励距离对产品设计思维的影响[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(15):40-48.
[2]罗劲,张秀玲.从困境到超越:顿悟的脑机制研究[J].心理科学进展,2006,14(4):484-489.
[3]邱江,张庆林.创新思维中原型激活促发顿悟的认知神经机制[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(3):312-317.
[4]邱江.顿悟问题解决中原型激活的认知神经机制[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[5]邱江,张庆林.字谜解决中的“啊哈”效应:来自ERP研究的证据[J].科学通报,2007,52(22):2625-2631.
[6]张庆林,田燕,邱江.顿悟中原型激活的大脑自动响应机制:灵感机制初探[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(9):1-10.
[7]傅小兰.探讨顿悟的心理过程与大脑机制--评罗劲的《顿悟的大脑机制》[J].心理学报,2004,36(2):234-237.
[8]Sandkühler S,Bhattacharya J.Deconstructing insight:EEGcorrelates of insightful problem solving[J].Plos One,2007,3(1):498-498.
[9]Jungbeeman M,Bowden E M,Haberman J,et al.Neural Activity When People Solve Verbal Problems with Insight[J].Plos Biology,2004,2(4):2-4.
[10]Rothmaler K,Nigbur R,Ivanova G.New Insights into Insight:Neurophysiological Correlates of the Difference Between the Intrinsic“Aha”and the Extrinsic“Oh Yes”Moment[J].Neuropsychologia,2016.
[11]Dietrich A,Kanso R.A review of EEG,ERP,and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight.[J].Psychological Bulletin,2010,136(5):822-48.
[12]A.Rosen,M.Reiner.Right frontal gamma and beta band enhancement while solving a spatial puzzle with insight[J].International Journal of Psychophysiology,2016.
[13]Chandrasekera T,Vo N,D'Souza N.The effect of subliminal suggestions on Sudden Moments of Inspiration(SMI)in the design process[J].Design Studies,2012,34(2):193-215.
[14]王业成.潜意识暗示下手绘过程中顿悟的研究及原型系统设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2016.
[15]BUCHANAN R.Wicked problems in design thinking[J].Design Issues,1992,8(2):5-21.
[16]袁萍,熊艳,李彦,刘龙繁,李梦蝶.基于EEGα波活动探究信息激励距离对产品设计思维的影响[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(15):40-48.