高镁贫镍红土矿煤基还原制备镍铁合金
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摘要
以含Ni 0.82%、含MgO 31.49%的高镁贫镍红土矿为原料,采用煤基直接还原熔炼方法制备镍含量高于7%的镍铁合金,对产物进行了表征,通过正交实验确定了最优工艺条件.结果表明,原矿主要由蛇纹石、石英和氧化镁组成,81.49%的镍元素取代镁或以吸附态分布于蛇纹石中.温度高于1500℃熔炼过程才能顺利进行.通过L_9(3~3)正交实验确定的最优工艺条件为:熔炼温度1600℃,配碳比C/O=2.0,焙烧时间45 min.该条件下制备出了镍品位7.19%、镍铁含量84.23%的球状镍铁合金,Ni回收率为82%.
The high magnesium(31.49% Mg O), low nickel(0.82% Ni) laterite ore was used to extract the high grade ferro-nickel alloy by the coal-based direct reduction method. The product was analyzed, the optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the content of Ni in the ferro-nickel alloy is more than 7%. The laterite ore mainly consists of serpentine, quartz and magnesium oxide phases. In addition, 81.49% Ni within raw ore is distributed in serpentine, by substitution for Mg and/or by adsorption. Smelting could be occurred completely when the roasting temperature above 1 500 ℃. The orthogonal experiments L_9(3~3) were carried out to obtain the optimum technological parameters. A ferro-nickel alloy, which contains 7.19% Ni, 84.23% ferro-nickel can be obtained at the roasting temperature 1 600 ℃ for 45 min, with atomic ratio C/O 2.0, the recovery rate of nickel is 82%.
The high magnesium(31.49% Mg O), low nickel(0.82% Ni) laterite ore was used to extract the high grade ferro-nickel alloy by the coal-based direct reduction method. The product was analyzed, the optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the content of Ni in the ferro-nickel alloy is more than 7%. The laterite ore mainly consists of serpentine, quartz and magnesium oxide phases. In addition, 81.49% Ni within raw ore is distributed in serpentine, by substitution for Mg and/or by adsorption. Smelting could be occurred completely when the roasting temperature above 1 500 ℃. The orthogonal experiments L_9(3~3) were carried out to obtain the optimum technological parameters. A ferro-nickel alloy, which contains 7.19% Ni, 84.23% ferro-nickel can be obtained at the roasting temperature 1 600 ℃ for 45 min, with atomic ratio C/O 2.0, the recovery rate of nickel is 82%.
引文
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[17]林重春,张建良,黄冬华,等.红土镍矿含碳球团深还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(3):270-275.Lin C C,Zhang J L,Huang D H,et al.Enrichment of Nickel and Iron from Nickel Laterite Ore/Coal Composite Pellets by Deep Reduction and Magnetic Separation[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(3):270-275.
[18]梁威,王晖,符剑刚,等.从低品位红土镍矿中高效回收镍铁[J].中南大学学报,2011,42(8):2173-2177.Liang W,Wang H,Fu J G,et al.High Recovery of Ferro-Nickel from Low Grade Nickel Laterite Ore[J].Journal of Central South University,2011,42(8):2173-2177.
[19]余群波,哀朝新,范艳青,等.球团配碳比对红土矿直接还原镍铁颗粒长大特性的影响[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2011,(8):1-3.Yu Q B,Ai C X,Fan Y Q,et al.Effect of C/O Ratio of Pelletizing on Characteristics of Grain Growth of Ferronickel in Direct Reduction of Laterite[J].Non-Ferrous Metal:Extractive Matallurgy,2011,(8):1-3.
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[21]李博,魏永刚,王华,等.干燥过程中硅镁镍矿的作用机制及其相变特征[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,(5):1440-1446.Li B,Wei Y G,Wang H,et al.Action Mechanism and Phase Transformation Characteristics of Garnierite in Drying Process[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,(5):1440-1446.
[22]刘志国,孙体昌,高恩霞,等.蛇纹石矿物的高温相变对红土镍矿直接还原的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,(5):1332-1338.Liu Z G,Sun T C,Gao E X,et al.Effect of High-temperature Phase Transition of Serpentine Mineral on Direct Reduction Roasting of Laterite Nickel Ore[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,(5):1332-1338.
[23]马小波.红土镍矿焙烧还原熔炼生产镍铁的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.28-29,36-37.Ma X B.Study on Preparing Ferronickel from Laterite by RoastingReducing Smelting Method[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.28-29,36-37.
[24]李博,魏永刚,王华.红土镍矿的固相还原动力学[J].过程工程学报,2011,11(5):767-771.Li B,Wei Y G,Wang H.Solid State Deoxidization Kinetics of Nickel Laterite Ore[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2011,11(5):767-771.
[25]Kawahara M,Toguri J M,Bergman R A.Reducibility of Laterite Ores[J].Matall.Trans.B,1988,19(2):181-182.
[26]袁秋刚.红土镍矿电炉冶炼工艺低钙渣系性质研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.20-22Yuan Q G.Research on the Properties of Slag with Low Lime in Nickel Laterite Smelting Process with Electric Furnace[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.20-22.
[2]肖振民.世界红土型镍矿开发和高压酸浸技术应用[J].中国矿业,2002,(1):57-59.Xiao Z M.Status of Exploitation of Laterite Type Nickel Ore and Application of High Pressure Acid Leaching Technology in the World[J].China Mining Magazine,2002,(1):57-59.
[3]何焕华.世界镍工业现状及发展趋势[J].有色冶炼,2001,12(6):1-3.He H H.Status and Development Trend of World Nickel Industry[J]Non-Ferrous Smelting,2001,12(6):1-3.
[4]王成彦,尹飞,陈永强,等.国内外红土镍矿处理技术及进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1):1-8.Wang C Y,Yin F,Chen Y Q,et al.Worldwide Processing Technologies and Progress of Nickel Laterites[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2008,18(1):1-8.
[5]曾新民.金川硫化铜镍矿矿石特性与可浮性关系[J].矿冶,2005,14(3):16-19.Zeng X M.Correlation between the Characteristics of Jinchuan Copper-Nickel Sulphide and Its Floatability[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2005,14(3):16-19.
[6]罗仙平,冯博,周贺鹏,等.铜镍硫化矿选矿技术进展[J].有色金属:选矿部分,2013,(12):12-14.Luo X P,Feng B,Zhou H P,et al.Progress in Mineral Processing Technology of Copper Nickel Sulphide Ore[J].Non-Ferrous Metal:Mineral Processing Part,2013,(12):12-14.
[7]彭犇,清瑞.红土镍矿利用与研究的现状与发展[J].有色金属,2011,1(4):15-22.Peng B,Qing R.Status and Development of Laterite Nnickel Ore[J].Non-Ferrous Metal,2011,1(4):15-22.
[8]庞建明,郭培民,赵沛,等.火法冶炼红土镍矿技术分析[J].钢铁研究学报,2011,23(6):1-4.Pang J M,Guo P M,Zhao P,et al.Analysis on Pyrometallurgy Technologies of Laterite-Nickel Ore[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2011,23(6):1-4.
[9]付伟,周永章,陈远荣,等.东南亚红土镍矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨—以印尼苏拉威西岛Kolonodale矿床为例[J].地学前缘,2010,17(2):127-139.Fu W,Zhou Y Z,Chen Y R,et al.Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Laterite Nickel Deposit and Ore Genesis—A Case Study of Kolonodale Deposit in Indonesia Sulawesi,Southeast Asia[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(2):127-139.
[10]Zhu D Q,Cui Y,Hapugoda S,et al.Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry of a Low Grade Nickel Lateriteore[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(4):907-916.
[11]李金辉,李洋洋,郑顺,等.红土镍矿冶金综述[J].有色金属科学与工程,2015,2(1):35-40.Li J H,Li Y Y,Zheng S,et al.Research Review of Laterite Nickel Ore Metallurgy[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2015,2(1):35-40.
[12]及亚娜,孙体昌,蒋曼,等.红土镍矿提镍工艺进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2011,(2):43-49.Ji Y N,Sun T C,Jiang M,et al.Advance in Extraction of Nickel from Laterite Nickel Ore[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2011,(2):43-49.
[13]Rao M J,Li G H,Jiang T,et al.Carbothermic Rduction of Nickeliferous Lterite Ores for Nnickel Pig Iron Production in China:A Review[J].JOM,2013,65(11):1573-1583.
[14]Li G H,Shi T M,Rao M J,Beneficiation of Nickeliferous Laterite by Reduction Roasting in the Presence of Sodium Sulfate[J].Miner.Eng.,2012,32(No.):19-26.
[15]张友平,周渝生,李肇毅,等.我国不锈钢原料资源和生产进展[J].特殊钢,2008,29(6):17-19.Zhang Y P,Zhou Y S,Li Z Y,et al.Raw Material Resource for Stainless Steel Production and Its Progress in China[J].Special Steel,2008,29(6):17-19.
[16]曹志成,孙体昌,杨慧芬,等.红土镍矿直接还原焙烧磁选回收铁镍[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(6):708-712.Chao Z C,Sun T C,Yang H F,et al.Recovery of Iron and Nickel from Nickel Laterite Ore by Direct Reduction Roasting and Magnetic Separation[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,32(6):708-712.
[17]林重春,张建良,黄冬华,等.红土镍矿含碳球团深还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(3):270-275.Lin C C,Zhang J L,Huang D H,et al.Enrichment of Nickel and Iron from Nickel Laterite Ore/Coal Composite Pellets by Deep Reduction and Magnetic Separation[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(3):270-275.
[18]梁威,王晖,符剑刚,等.从低品位红土镍矿中高效回收镍铁[J].中南大学学报,2011,42(8):2173-2177.Liang W,Wang H,Fu J G,et al.High Recovery of Ferro-Nickel from Low Grade Nickel Laterite Ore[J].Journal of Central South University,2011,42(8):2173-2177.
[19]余群波,哀朝新,范艳青,等.球团配碳比对红土矿直接还原镍铁颗粒长大特性的影响[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2011,(8):1-3.Yu Q B,Ai C X,Fan Y Q,et al.Effect of C/O Ratio of Pelletizing on Characteristics of Grain Growth of Ferronickel in Direct Reduction of Laterite[J].Non-Ferrous Metal:Extractive Matallurgy,2011,(8):1-3.
[20]李好泽,郭汉杰.红土镍矿预还原焙烧的研究[J].铁合金,2014,45(4):40-45.Li H Z,Guo H J.Research on Pre-reduction and Roasting of Laterite[J].Ferro-Alloys,2014,45(4):40-45.
[21]李博,魏永刚,王华,等.干燥过程中硅镁镍矿的作用机制及其相变特征[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,(5):1440-1446.Li B,Wei Y G,Wang H,et al.Action Mechanism and Phase Transformation Characteristics of Garnierite in Drying Process[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,(5):1440-1446.
[22]刘志国,孙体昌,高恩霞,等.蛇纹石矿物的高温相变对红土镍矿直接还原的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,(5):1332-1338.Liu Z G,Sun T C,Gao E X,et al.Effect of High-temperature Phase Transition of Serpentine Mineral on Direct Reduction Roasting of Laterite Nickel Ore[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,(5):1332-1338.
[23]马小波.红土镍矿焙烧还原熔炼生产镍铁的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.28-29,36-37.Ma X B.Study on Preparing Ferronickel from Laterite by RoastingReducing Smelting Method[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.28-29,36-37.
[24]李博,魏永刚,王华.红土镍矿的固相还原动力学[J].过程工程学报,2011,11(5):767-771.Li B,Wei Y G,Wang H.Solid State Deoxidization Kinetics of Nickel Laterite Ore[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2011,11(5):767-771.
[25]Kawahara M,Toguri J M,Bergman R A.Reducibility of Laterite Ores[J].Matall.Trans.B,1988,19(2):181-182.
[26]袁秋刚.红土镍矿电炉冶炼工艺低钙渣系性质研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.20-22Yuan Q G.Research on the Properties of Slag with Low Lime in Nickel Laterite Smelting Process with Electric Furnace[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.20-22.