季节性冻土区沥青路面融雪剂凝冰点测试
|
摘要
我国西北大部分地区在公路自然区划中属于季节性冻土区,由于冬季气温较低,雨雪天极易造成沥青路面积雪凝冰,路面积雪凝冰严重威胁着行车安全,研究如何快速高效地融雪除冰对于提高冬季路面行车安全有较高的社会实用价值。通过自行设计的融雪剂凝冰点测试装置,首先对自来水和蒸馏水的凝冰点进行测试以验证试验方案的可行性;其次,采用双通道数字测温仪对四种不同浓度(5%,10%,15%和20%)下常用的氯盐类和非氯盐类融雪剂的凝冰点进行测试,并与根据稀溶液依数性规律对浓度为5%时的单一型融雪剂计算的理论凝冰点进行对比;最后基于单一型融雪剂的凝冰点测试结果配制了三种不同掺配比例(3∶7,4∶6,5∶5)下的六种新型复配型融雪剂,并对其凝冰点进行了测试。研究结果表明:浓度为5%时的单一型融雪剂的实测凝冰点数据与计算的理论凝冰点数据相符;氯盐类融雪剂和非氯盐类融雪剂以及复配型融雪剂的凝冰点降低均符合稀溶液依数性规律;八种单一型融雪剂的凝冰点较低的为氯化钠和氯化钙,表明氯盐类融雪剂的融雪除冰效果整体优于非氯盐类融雪剂;复配型融雪剂的凝冰点大小顺序为:氯化钠-乙二醇<氯化钠-1,2-丙二醇<氯化钙-乙二醇<氯化钠-尿素<氯化钙和1,2-丙二醇<氯化钙和尿素。综合考虑融雪剂的凝冰点、经济性和环保性,建议选用氯化钠-乙二醇复配型融雪剂作为季节性冻土区低温期沥青路面融雪除冰用融雪剂。
Most of the northwestern areas of China belong to the seasonal frozen region in the natural zoning for highway. Snow and ice can easily cause snow cover and freezing on the asphalt pavement due to the lower temperature in winter,which seriously threaten traffic safety. Therefore,it is of great social and practical value to study how to remove snow and ice quickly and efficiently for improving road safety in winter. Through the self-designed deicer freezing point test device,firstly,the freezing point of tap water and distilled water were tested to verify the feasibility of the test program. Then,the dual channel thermometer was used to test the freezing point of several commonly used chloride salt and non-chlorine salt deicers under four different concentrations( 5%,10%,15% and 20%). The theoretical freezing point of these deicers were respectively calculated according to the law of the colligative properties of dilute solutions at the concentration of 5%. The measured freezing point and the theoretical freezing point of single deicer were compared. Finally,six new compounding deicers under different mixed ratios( 3∶ 7,4∶ 6,5∶ 5) were prepared and the freezing point were tested according to the freezing point test results of single deicers. The results show that the measured freezing point of the single deicer at the concentration of 5% is consistent with the calculated theoretical freezing point. The freezing point of the chloride salt deicers,the non-chlorine salt deicers,and the compound deicers are all in accordance with the law of the colligative properties of dilute solutions. As sodium chloride and calcium chloride have lower freezing point of the eight single deicers,it is indicated that the chloride salt deicers are better at deicing than the non-chlorine salt deicers. The order of the freezing point of the compound deicers is: sodium chloride and ethylene glycol < sodium chloride and glycol < calcium chloride and ethylene glycol < sodium chloride and urea < calcium chloride and glycol < calcium chloride and urea. Comprehensive consideration of the freezing point of deicers,economy and environmental protection,sodium chloride and ethylene glycol compound deicers are recommended as deicers for snow melting and deicing in the low temperature period of the seasonal frozen region.
Most of the northwestern areas of China belong to the seasonal frozen region in the natural zoning for highway. Snow and ice can easily cause snow cover and freezing on the asphalt pavement due to the lower temperature in winter,which seriously threaten traffic safety. Therefore,it is of great social and practical value to study how to remove snow and ice quickly and efficiently for improving road safety in winter. Through the self-designed deicer freezing point test device,firstly,the freezing point of tap water and distilled water were tested to verify the feasibility of the test program. Then,the dual channel thermometer was used to test the freezing point of several commonly used chloride salt and non-chlorine salt deicers under four different concentrations( 5%,10%,15% and 20%). The theoretical freezing point of these deicers were respectively calculated according to the law of the colligative properties of dilute solutions at the concentration of 5%. The measured freezing point and the theoretical freezing point of single deicer were compared. Finally,six new compounding deicers under different mixed ratios( 3∶ 7,4∶ 6,5∶ 5) were prepared and the freezing point were tested according to the freezing point test results of single deicers. The results show that the measured freezing point of the single deicer at the concentration of 5% is consistent with the calculated theoretical freezing point. The freezing point of the chloride salt deicers,the non-chlorine salt deicers,and the compound deicers are all in accordance with the law of the colligative properties of dilute solutions. As sodium chloride and calcium chloride have lower freezing point of the eight single deicers,it is indicated that the chloride salt deicers are better at deicing than the non-chlorine salt deicers. The order of the freezing point of the compound deicers is: sodium chloride and ethylene glycol < sodium chloride and glycol < calcium chloride and ethylene glycol < sodium chloride and urea < calcium chloride and glycol < calcium chloride and urea. Comprehensive consideration of the freezing point of deicers,economy and environmental protection,sodium chloride and ethylene glycol compound deicers are recommended as deicers for snow melting and deicing in the low temperature period of the seasonal frozen region.
引文
[1]余豫新.路面主动融冰(雪)技术的发展与展望[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(S1):86-89.
[2]喻文兵,李双洋,冯文杰,等.道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):933-940.
[3]念腾飞,李萍,林梅.冻融循环下沥青特征官能团含量与流变参数灰熵分析及微观形貌[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2018(4):1045-1054.
[4]周斌,刘嵩,孙劲晖,等.融雪剂的融雪性能评价方法综述[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2017(5):71-73.
[5]曾忠民,刘志启,李丽娟,等.盐湖氯化镁融雪剂融冰效果的研究[J].盐湖研究,2016,24(4):54-58.
[6]王萌,李晓林,杜丹超,等.一种有机无机复合环保融雪剂的制备及性能研究[J].现代化工,2014,34(12):66-67.
[7]易卉.碳酰胺复合低氯高效融雪剂制备与性能评价[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[8] Hossain S M K,Fu L,Li S D,et al. Modeling the snow melting performance of salt:a mechanistic-empirical approach[C]. International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering,2015:464-475.
[9] Ganjyal G,Fang Q,Hanna M A. Freezing points and small-scale deicing tests for salts of levulinic acid made from grain sorghum[J]. Bioresour Technol,2007,98(15):2814-2818.
[10]刘嵩,郑南翔,杨军,等.融雪剂融冰能力及其对沥青混合料抗剥落性能的影响[J]. Journal of Southeast University:English Edition,2016(3):327-332.
[11] Wahlin J,Kleinpaste A. The effect of mass diffusion on the rate of chemical ice melting using aqueous solutions[J]. Cold Regions Science Technology,2017,139:11-21.
[12]高建平,燕南,李海鹰,等.西南高寒山区高速公路融雪剂适用性试验分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(4):568-570.
[13]高胜利,陈三平,谢钢,等.关于稀溶液依数性讲解中的几个问题讨论[J].大学化学,2010,25(5):66-69.
[14] Nash L K.稀溶液依数性定律[J].化学通报,1982(10):51-54.
[15] Hong H,Zheng Y,Roy W. Nanomaterials for efficiently lowering the freezing point of anti-freeze coolants[J]. J. Nanosci Nanotechnol,2007,7(9):3180-3184.
[16]王毅,陈丽.工程化学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2013.
[2]喻文兵,李双洋,冯文杰,等.道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(4):933-940.
[3]念腾飞,李萍,林梅.冻融循环下沥青特征官能团含量与流变参数灰熵分析及微观形貌[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2018(4):1045-1054.
[4]周斌,刘嵩,孙劲晖,等.融雪剂的融雪性能评价方法综述[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2017(5):71-73.
[5]曾忠民,刘志启,李丽娟,等.盐湖氯化镁融雪剂融冰效果的研究[J].盐湖研究,2016,24(4):54-58.
[6]王萌,李晓林,杜丹超,等.一种有机无机复合环保融雪剂的制备及性能研究[J].现代化工,2014,34(12):66-67.
[7]易卉.碳酰胺复合低氯高效融雪剂制备与性能评价[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[8] Hossain S M K,Fu L,Li S D,et al. Modeling the snow melting performance of salt:a mechanistic-empirical approach[C]. International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering,2015:464-475.
[9] Ganjyal G,Fang Q,Hanna M A. Freezing points and small-scale deicing tests for salts of levulinic acid made from grain sorghum[J]. Bioresour Technol,2007,98(15):2814-2818.
[10]刘嵩,郑南翔,杨军,等.融雪剂融冰能力及其对沥青混合料抗剥落性能的影响[J]. Journal of Southeast University:English Edition,2016(3):327-332.
[11] Wahlin J,Kleinpaste A. The effect of mass diffusion on the rate of chemical ice melting using aqueous solutions[J]. Cold Regions Science Technology,2017,139:11-21.
[12]高建平,燕南,李海鹰,等.西南高寒山区高速公路融雪剂适用性试验分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(4):568-570.
[13]高胜利,陈三平,谢钢,等.关于稀溶液依数性讲解中的几个问题讨论[J].大学化学,2010,25(5):66-69.
[14] Nash L K.稀溶液依数性定律[J].化学通报,1982(10):51-54.
[15] Hong H,Zheng Y,Roy W. Nanomaterials for efficiently lowering the freezing point of anti-freeze coolants[J]. J. Nanosci Nanotechnol,2007,7(9):3180-3184.
[16]王毅,陈丽.工程化学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2013.