输气管道泄漏检测技术发展及适应性
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摘要
泄漏检测技术在天然气管道完整性管理中应用广泛,已成为高风险输气管道安全运输的重要举措。为管道选择最适应检测技术,阐述了负压波法、流量平衡法、次声波法、分布式光纤检测法和内检测技术等几种管道泄漏检测技术概况,分析了不同泄漏检测技术的性能指标及优缺点。重点介绍了应用前景广泛的次声波检测技术和分布式光纤检测技术,分析两种检测技术的实际检测特性及适应性,验证其理论分析的正确性。不同检测技术有其独特适应性特征,不同程度管道泄漏事故应选择适宜的检测技术和辅助决策技术,并有针对性地对国内外输气管道检测技术的发展概况进行了展望,为国内输气管道选择最佳泄漏检测方法提供参考。
The leakage detection technology is widely used in the integrity management of natural gas pipelines,and it has become the major measure for the safe transportation of high-risk gas transportation pipelines. In order to select the optimum detection technology for pipelines, the general situation of pipeline leak detection technologies such as the negative pressure wave method,flow balance method,infrasound wave method,distributed optical fiber detection method and internal detection method are explained. The performance indicators, advantages and disadvantages of different leak detection technologies are analyzed. The infrasound detection technology and distributed optical fiber detection technology are mainly introduced as they have broad application prospect,their actual detection characteristics and adaptability are analyzed to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Different detection technologies have their own adaptability characteristics,and pipeline leakage accidents with different degrees should choose suitable detection technology and assistant decision-making technology. The development of leakage detection technology for gas pipelines at home and abroad is looked ahead specifically, which provides reference for the selection of the optimum leakage detection method for the domestic gas transportation pipelines.
The leakage detection technology is widely used in the integrity management of natural gas pipelines,and it has become the major measure for the safe transportation of high-risk gas transportation pipelines. In order to select the optimum detection technology for pipelines, the general situation of pipeline leak detection technologies such as the negative pressure wave method,flow balance method,infrasound wave method,distributed optical fiber detection method and internal detection method are explained. The performance indicators, advantages and disadvantages of different leak detection technologies are analyzed. The infrasound detection technology and distributed optical fiber detection technology are mainly introduced as they have broad application prospect,their actual detection characteristics and adaptability are analyzed to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Different detection technologies have their own adaptability characteristics,and pipeline leakage accidents with different degrees should choose suitable detection technology and assistant decision-making technology. The development of leakage detection technology for gas pipelines at home and abroad is looked ahead specifically, which provides reference for the selection of the optimum leakage detection method for the domestic gas transportation pipelines.
引文
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[17]刘仲勤,宋志俊,曹嫚,等.智能球泄漏检测技术在输油管道中的应用[J].石油工业技术监督,2017,33(4):56-58.LIU Zhongqin,SONG Zhijun,CAO Man,et al.Application of intelligent spherical leak detection technology in oil pipeline[J].Technical Supervision of Petroleum Industry,2017,33(4):56-58.
[18]马建兵.场图像技术FSM在气田输气管道上的应用[J].化工管理,2016(12):62.MA Jianbing.Application of field signature method FSM in gas field gas pipeline[J].Chemical Industry Management,2016(12):62.
[19]李玉星,彭红伟,唐建峰,等.天然气长输管道泄漏检测方案对比[J].天然气工业,2008,28(9):101-104.LI Yuxing,PENG Hongwei,TANG Jianfeng,et al.Comparison of leak detection schemes for long-distance natural gas pipelines[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(9):101-104.
[2]高宏扬.管道泄漏检测技术的应用与发展[J].油气储运,2004,23(11):1-3,60.GAO Hongyang.Application and development of pipeline leak detection technology[J].Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation,2004,23(11):1-3,60.
[3]SHANTANU Datta,SHIBAYAN S.A review on different pipeline fault detection methods[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,41:97-106.
[4]杨荣根.长输石油管道泄漏检测与定位技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2011.YANG Ronggen.Research on leak detection and location technology of long-distance oil pipeline[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2011.
[5]袁朝庆,庞鑫峰,刘燕.管道泄漏检测技术现状及展望[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006(2):76-79,85,150-151.YUAN Chaoqing,PANG Xinfeng,LIU Yan.Current status and prospects of pipeline leak detection technology[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2006(2):76-79,85,150-151.
[6]邓鸿英,杨振坤,王毅.基于负压波的管道泄漏检测与定位技术研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2003(7):481-482,489.DENG Hongying,YANG Zhenkun,WANG Yi.Research on pipeline leak detection and location technology based on negative pressure wave[J].Computer Measurement&Control,2003(7):481-482,489.
[7]阳光,邓松圣,张福伦.油气输运管道泄漏检测的部分方法及优缺点分析[J].中国储运,2010(2):102-103.YANG Guang,DENG Songsheng,ZHANG Fulun.Partial methods and advantages and disadvantages of oil and gas transportation pipeline leak detection[J].China Storage and Transportation,2010(2):102-103.
[8]陈池,赵会军,姜岩,等.基于次声波的天然气管道泄漏检测[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(4):72-73.CHEN Chi,ZHAO Huijun,JIANG Yan,et al.Detection of natural gas pipeline leakage based on infrasound wave[J].OilGas Field Surface Engineering,2013,32(4):72-73.
[9]王黎宏,韦南,王涛.次声波油气管道泄漏检测技术研究[J].石化技术,2015,22(6):123.WANG Lihong,WEI Nan,WANG Tao.Research on leak detection technology of infrasound oil and gas pipeline[J].Petrochemical Technology,2015,22(6):123.
[10]GROSSWING S,HURTIG E,LUEBBECKE S,et al.Pipeline leakage detection using distributed fibre optical temperature sensing[C].Belgium-Deadline.Bruges:International Society for Optics and Photonics,2005.
[11]胡志新,张陵,乔学光,等.分布式光纤布拉格光栅在油气管道检测中的应用[J].应用光学,2000(4):35-38.HU Zhixin,ZHANG Ling,QIAO Xueguang,et al.Application of distributed fiber bragg gratings in oil and gas pipeline detection[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2000(4):35-38.
[12]李健,陈世利,黄新敬,等.长输油气管道泄漏监测与准实时检测技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(8):1747-1760.LI Jian,CHEN Shili,HUANG Xinjing,et al.Review of leakage monitoring and quasi-real-time detection technology for long-distance oil and gas pipelines[J].Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(8):1747-1760.
[13]沙洲,杨洋,封皓,等.基于Φ-OTDR技术的城市地下供水管网主干线泄漏检测与定位[J].中国仪器仪表,2016(11):72-76.SHA Zhou,YANG Yang,FENG Hao,et al.Leak detection and location of urban underground water supply pipeline based onΦ-OTDR technology[J].Instrumentation of China,2016(11):72-76.
[14]赵星光,邱海涛.光纤Bragg光栅传感技术在隧道监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(3):587-593.ZHAO Xingguang,QIU Haitao.Application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology in tunnel monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(3):587-593.
[15]杭利军,何存富,吴斌.一种新的直线型Sagnac光纤干涉仪管道泄漏检测系统及其定位技术[J].中国激光,2007(6):820-824.HANG Lijun,HE Cunfu,WU Bin.A new straight line Sagnac fiber interferometer pipeline leak detection system and its positioning technology[J].China Laser,2007(6):820-824.
[16]KINGSLEY S A,LAUDO J S.Applicability of a novel distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor for leak detection[J].Proc SPIE,1993(1797):63-71.
[17]刘仲勤,宋志俊,曹嫚,等.智能球泄漏检测技术在输油管道中的应用[J].石油工业技术监督,2017,33(4):56-58.LIU Zhongqin,SONG Zhijun,CAO Man,et al.Application of intelligent spherical leak detection technology in oil pipeline[J].Technical Supervision of Petroleum Industry,2017,33(4):56-58.
[18]马建兵.场图像技术FSM在气田输气管道上的应用[J].化工管理,2016(12):62.MA Jianbing.Application of field signature method FSM in gas field gas pipeline[J].Chemical Industry Management,2016(12):62.
[19]李玉星,彭红伟,唐建峰,等.天然气长输管道泄漏检测方案对比[J].天然气工业,2008,28(9):101-104.LI Yuxing,PENG Hongwei,TANG Jianfeng,et al.Comparison of leak detection schemes for long-distance natural gas pipelines[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(9):101-104.