随钻方位电磁波测井多参数快速反演
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摘要
大斜度井/水平井随钻测井技术已被广泛的应用于各种复杂油气藏中,但传统随钻电磁波测井仅提供仪器轴向磁场分量,井斜和各向异性对测井响应影响耦合在一起,难以剥离,无法基于反演同时获取多个参数,进行相应的地层评价,且不能提供方位信息,难以实现地质导向功能.随钻方位电磁波测井在提供仪器轴向磁场分量的基础上,还提供了仪器横向磁场分量,其提取的地质导向信号,对地层界面非常敏感,受井斜、地层电阻率对比度和各向异性影响弱,可以反演得到准确的界面位置.此外,额外的磁场分量信息,有效降低了井斜与各向异性的耦合程度,可基于反演算法实现多参数联合反演,满足电阻率测井精细解释评价需求.
The Logging While Drilling(LWD) technique has been widely used in high-angle and horizontal wells during exploration of complicated reservoirs. However, the traditional LWD electromagnetic measurement can only provide the longitudinal component of the magnetic field, which is along the axis of the tool. In this case, the relative dip and anisotropy would be easily coupled with each other. It is difficult to separate these parameters from inversion simultaneously. Besides, they lack the azimuthal information and cannot satisfy the requirements of geosteering. While the azimuthal LWD electromagnetic measurement can solve these problems. It can also provide the additional geologic information which is sensitive to the boundary and less sensitive to the relative dip, resistivity contrasts and the anisotropy and so on. Therefore, this method permits to determine the accurate location of the boundary through inversion of measurement data. The additional latitudinal magnetic component could also decrease the coupling degree of the relative dip and the anisotropy, especially in high-angle and horizontal wells. Thus, it is possible to use inversion to obtain the relevant parameters simultaneously to realize the accurate interpretation of resistivity well logging data.
The Logging While Drilling(LWD) technique has been widely used in high-angle and horizontal wells during exploration of complicated reservoirs. However, the traditional LWD electromagnetic measurement can only provide the longitudinal component of the magnetic field, which is along the axis of the tool. In this case, the relative dip and anisotropy would be easily coupled with each other. It is difficult to separate these parameters from inversion simultaneously. Besides, they lack the azimuthal information and cannot satisfy the requirements of geosteering. While the azimuthal LWD electromagnetic measurement can solve these problems. It can also provide the additional geologic information which is sensitive to the boundary and less sensitive to the relative dip, resistivity contrasts and the anisotropy and so on. Therefore, this method permits to determine the accurate location of the boundary through inversion of measurement data. The additional latitudinal magnetic component could also decrease the coupling degree of the relative dip and the anisotropy, especially in high-angle and horizontal wells. Thus, it is possible to use inversion to obtain the relevant parameters simultaneously to realize the accurate interpretation of resistivity well logging data.
引文
Anderson B I, Banner S, Luling M G, et al. 1990. Response of 2-Mhz lwd resistivity and Wireline induction tools in dipping beds and laminated formations. //SPWLA 31st Annual Logging Symposium. Lafayette: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Avdeev D B, Kuvshinov A V, Pankratov O V, et al. 2002. Three-dimensional induction logging problems, Part I: An integral equation solution and model comparisons. Geophysics, 67(2): 413-426.
Bigelow E L, Cleneay C A. 1992. A new frontier: Log interpretation in horizontal wells. //SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium. Oklahoma: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Bittar M S, Klein J D, Randy B, et al. 2009. A new azimuthal deep-reading resistivity tool for geosteering and advanced formation evaluation. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 12(2): 270-279.
Cai J, Zhang H R, Zeng S J, et al. 2016. Joint inversion method of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling and its application. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 37(3): 371-381.
Chemali R E, Hart E, Flynn T, et al. 2007. Successful applications of azimuthal propagation resistivity for optimum well placement and reservoir characterization while drilling. //77th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Druskin V, Knizhnerman L. 2016. Spectral approach to solving three-dimensional Maxwell′s diffusion equations in the time and frequency domains. Radio Science, 29(4): 937-953.
Druskin V L, Knizhnerman L A, Lee P. 1999. New spectral Lanczos decomposition method for induction modeling in arbitrary 3-D geometry. Geophysics, 64(3): 701-706.
Everett M E, Badea E A, Shen L C, et al. 2000. 3-D finite element analysis of induction logging in a dipping formation mark. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39(10): 2244-2252.
Fang S, Merchant G A, Hart E, et al. 2008. Determination of structural dip and azimuth from LWD azimuthal propagation resistivity measurements in anisotropic formations. //78th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Guo P J, Zhou J J, Lewis D, et al. 2013. Quantitative formation evaluation toolkit for high-angle and horizontal wells. //SPWLA 54th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Guptasarma D, Singh B. 1997. New digital linear filters for Hankel J0 and J1 transforms. Geophysical Prospecting, 45(5): 745-762.
Holden A J, Thorsen A K, Gravem T, et al. 2006. Application and interpretation of multiple advanced Lwd measurements in horizontal wells. //SPWLA 47th Annual Logging Symposium. Veracruz: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Hu F X, Fan Y R. 2017. A new robust nonlinear inversion algorithm for LWD resistivity measurements in high-angle and horizontal wells. //87th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Li H. 2013. Simulation and applied basic research of directional electromagnetic LWD tool in complex media[Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Beijing: China University of Petroleum (East China).
Li Q M, Omeragic D, Chou L, et al. 2005. New directional electromagnetic tool for proactive geosteering and accurate formation evaluation while drilling. //SPWLA 46th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
L?seth L O, Ursin B. 2007. Electromagnetic fields in planarly layered anisotropic media. Geophysical Journal International, 170(1): 44-80.
Mendoza A, Gaillot P, Mardon D, et al. 2010. Quantitative formation evaluation in high angle and horizontal wells using LWD measurements: Field application of integrated log modeling workflows. //80th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Mendoza A X, Gaillot P, Yin H Z, et al. 2012. A high angle and horizontal well interpretation toolkit for quantitative formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. //82nd Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Pardo D, Torres-Verdín C. 2015. Fast 1D inversion of logging-while-drilling resistivity measurements for improved estimation of formation resistivity in high-angle and horizontal wells. Geophysics, 80(2): E111-E124.
Schroeder T S, Wu J Q, Hammons L R B. 1992. The dipping thin bed effect on 2 Mhz Mwd propagation resistivity measurements. //SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium. Oklahoma: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Sun K L, Morriss C, Rasmus J, et al. 2014. Automated resistivity inversion for efficient formation evaluation in high-angle and horizontal wells. //SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium. Abu Dhabi: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Xing G L. 2003. Study on the investigating characteristics of array electromagnetic wave logs and the methods of its data processing and inversion[Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Changchun: Jilin University.
Xing G L, Zhang M L, Liu M F, et al. 2002. An inversion of dielectric constant and resistivity by using high frequency electromagnetic wave logging. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 45(3): 435-443.
Yang J, Omeragic D, Liu C B, et al. 2005. Bed-boundary effect removal to aid formation resistivity interpretation from LWD propagation measurements at all dip angles. //SPWLA 46th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
蔡军, 张恒荣, 曾少军等. 2016. 随钻电磁波电阻率测井联合反演方法及其应用. 石油学报, 37(3): 371-381.
李虎. 2013. 复杂介质随钻方位电磁波测井数值模拟与应用基础研究[博士论文]. 北京: 中国石油大学(华东).
邢光龙. 2003. 阵列电磁波测井探测特性及其资料处理与反演方法研究[博士论文]. 长春: 吉林大学.
邢光龙, 张美玲, 刘曼芬等. 2002. 利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数和电阻率. 地球物理学报, 45(3): 435-443.
Avdeev D B, Kuvshinov A V, Pankratov O V, et al. 2002. Three-dimensional induction logging problems, Part I: An integral equation solution and model comparisons. Geophysics, 67(2): 413-426.
Bigelow E L, Cleneay C A. 1992. A new frontier: Log interpretation in horizontal wells. //SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium. Oklahoma: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Bittar M S, Klein J D, Randy B, et al. 2009. A new azimuthal deep-reading resistivity tool for geosteering and advanced formation evaluation. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 12(2): 270-279.
Cai J, Zhang H R, Zeng S J, et al. 2016. Joint inversion method of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling and its application. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 37(3): 371-381.
Chemali R E, Hart E, Flynn T, et al. 2007. Successful applications of azimuthal propagation resistivity for optimum well placement and reservoir characterization while drilling. //77th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Druskin V, Knizhnerman L. 2016. Spectral approach to solving three-dimensional Maxwell′s diffusion equations in the time and frequency domains. Radio Science, 29(4): 937-953.
Druskin V L, Knizhnerman L A, Lee P. 1999. New spectral Lanczos decomposition method for induction modeling in arbitrary 3-D geometry. Geophysics, 64(3): 701-706.
Everett M E, Badea E A, Shen L C, et al. 2000. 3-D finite element analysis of induction logging in a dipping formation mark. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39(10): 2244-2252.
Fang S, Merchant G A, Hart E, et al. 2008. Determination of structural dip and azimuth from LWD azimuthal propagation resistivity measurements in anisotropic formations. //78th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Guo P J, Zhou J J, Lewis D, et al. 2013. Quantitative formation evaluation toolkit for high-angle and horizontal wells. //SPWLA 54th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Guptasarma D, Singh B. 1997. New digital linear filters for Hankel J0 and J1 transforms. Geophysical Prospecting, 45(5): 745-762.
Holden A J, Thorsen A K, Gravem T, et al. 2006. Application and interpretation of multiple advanced Lwd measurements in horizontal wells. //SPWLA 47th Annual Logging Symposium. Veracruz: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Hu F X, Fan Y R. 2017. A new robust nonlinear inversion algorithm for LWD resistivity measurements in high-angle and horizontal wells. //87th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Li H. 2013. Simulation and applied basic research of directional electromagnetic LWD tool in complex media[Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Beijing: China University of Petroleum (East China).
Li Q M, Omeragic D, Chou L, et al. 2005. New directional electromagnetic tool for proactive geosteering and accurate formation evaluation while drilling. //SPWLA 46th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
L?seth L O, Ursin B. 2007. Electromagnetic fields in planarly layered anisotropic media. Geophysical Journal International, 170(1): 44-80.
Mendoza A, Gaillot P, Mardon D, et al. 2010. Quantitative formation evaluation in high angle and horizontal wells using LWD measurements: Field application of integrated log modeling workflows. //80th Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Mendoza A X, Gaillot P, Yin H Z, et al. 2012. A high angle and horizontal well interpretation toolkit for quantitative formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. //82nd Ann. Internat Mtg., Soc. Expi. Geophys.. Expanded Abstracts.
Pardo D, Torres-Verdín C. 2015. Fast 1D inversion of logging-while-drilling resistivity measurements for improved estimation of formation resistivity in high-angle and horizontal wells. Geophysics, 80(2): E111-E124.
Schroeder T S, Wu J Q, Hammons L R B. 1992. The dipping thin bed effect on 2 Mhz Mwd propagation resistivity measurements. //SPWLA 33rd Annual Logging Symposium. Oklahoma: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Sun K L, Morriss C, Rasmus J, et al. 2014. Automated resistivity inversion for efficient formation evaluation in high-angle and horizontal wells. //SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium. Abu Dhabi: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
Xing G L. 2003. Study on the investigating characteristics of array electromagnetic wave logs and the methods of its data processing and inversion[Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Changchun: Jilin University.
Xing G L, Zhang M L, Liu M F, et al. 2002. An inversion of dielectric constant and resistivity by using high frequency electromagnetic wave logging. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 45(3): 435-443.
Yang J, Omeragic D, Liu C B, et al. 2005. Bed-boundary effect removal to aid formation resistivity interpretation from LWD propagation measurements at all dip angles. //SPWLA 46th Annual Logging Symposium. New Orleans: Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts.
蔡军, 张恒荣, 曾少军等. 2016. 随钻电磁波电阻率测井联合反演方法及其应用. 石油学报, 37(3): 371-381.
李虎. 2013. 复杂介质随钻方位电磁波测井数值模拟与应用基础研究[博士论文]. 北京: 中国石油大学(华东).
邢光龙. 2003. 阵列电磁波测井探测特性及其资料处理与反演方法研究[博士论文]. 长春: 吉林大学.
邢光龙, 张美玲, 刘曼芬等. 2002. 利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数和电阻率. 地球物理学报, 45(3): 435-443.
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