基于机器视觉算法的水稻秧苗状态识别
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摘要
根据秧苗发育形态调节育秧环境中的光照、温度、湿度能够避免徒长,这对水稻优质高产十分重要。针对水稻秧苗在恒温箱封闭式育秧环境下因监测不及时导致的徒长情况,提出了一种基于机器视觉算法识别秧苗发育状态的方法。采用恒温箱对东农426和东农428水稻进行育秧研究,利用协方差聚类算法对秧苗RGB彩色图像进行分割,再选用连续腐蚀开操作结合Hough变换进行预处理。根据提取与秧苗徒长直接相关的形态指标参数信息,如株高、叶面积、着生角、生长速率,进行曲线拟合,最后将结果显示在软件界面上。实验结果表明,该方法可以正确地识别秧苗并准确提取形态指标参数,准确率为87.5%,秧苗形态参数识别误差不超过7%,适用于封闭式育秧环境中对秧苗的监测,该方法为研究水稻工厂化立体育秧提供了有效参考。
It is very important to improve the quality and high yield of rice by adjusting the light,temperature and humidity in the environment of seedling development. This paper proposed a method for recognizing seedling development status based on machine vision algorithm for rice seedlings under the condition that the monitoring of rice seedlings was out of time caused by monitoring. It studied on the seedling of Dongnong426 and Dongnong428 by rice thermotank,on seedling RGB color image segmentation using the covariance clustering algorithm,then used continuous corrosion pretreatment open operation combined with Hough transform. According to the information extraction and morphological parameters of leggy seedlings directly related,such as plant height,leaf area,horned,growth rate,curve fitting,the results would be displayed on the interface of the software. The test results show that the method can correctly identify and accurately extract the morphological parameters of seedlings,the accuracy rate is 87.5%,the morphological parameter identification error is less than 7%,this method provides an effective reference for the research of rice seedling sports factory.
It is very important to improve the quality and high yield of rice by adjusting the light,temperature and humidity in the environment of seedling development. This paper proposed a method for recognizing seedling development status based on machine vision algorithm for rice seedlings under the condition that the monitoring of rice seedlings was out of time caused by monitoring. It studied on the seedling of Dongnong426 and Dongnong428 by rice thermotank,on seedling RGB color image segmentation using the covariance clustering algorithm,then used continuous corrosion pretreatment open operation combined with Hough transform. According to the information extraction and morphological parameters of leggy seedlings directly related,such as plant height,leaf area,horned,growth rate,curve fitting,the results would be displayed on the interface of the software. The test results show that the method can correctly identify and accurately extract the morphological parameters of seedlings,the accuracy rate is 87.5%,the morphological parameter identification error is less than 7%,this method provides an effective reference for the research of rice seedling sports factory.
引文
[1]王红飞,尚庆茂.蔬菜徒长苗的形态及生理特征研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2017(7):22-28.(Wang Hongfei,Shang Qingmao.Research progress on morphological and physiological characteristics of vegetable seedlings[J].Chinese Vegetables,2017(7):22-28.)
[2]鲁运江.恒温箱在早春瓜菜种子催芽中的应用技术[J].农村百事通,2012(3):40-41.(Lu Yunjiang.Application of thermostat in seed germination of early spring melon and vegetable[J].Nongcun Baishitong,2012(3):40-41.)
[3]史智兴,程洪,李江涛,等.图像处理识别玉米品种的特征参数研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):193-195.(Shi Zhixing,Cheng Hong,Li Jiangtao,et al.Study on the characteristic parameters of image processing for identifying maize varieties[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(6):193-195.)
[4]解博,周律.基于机器视觉的杏核图像识别系统设计[J].电子科技,2016,29(10):97-100.(Xie Bo,Zhou Lyu.Design of an almond image recognition system based on machine vision[J].Electronic Science and Technology,2016,29(10):97-100).
[5]章佳佳,杨振超,周律.基于MATLAB图像处理的果核分拣系统[J].电子科技,2017,30(9):50-52.(Zhang Jiajia,Yang Zhenchao,Zhou Lyu.The cores sorting system research using image processing based on MATLAB[J].Electronic Science and Technology,2017,30(9):50-52.)
[6]安琼,杨邦杰,郭琳.面向对象的多光谱图像特征遗传选优方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):181-185.(An Qiong,Yang Bangjie,Guo Lin.Method for object-oriented feature selection based on genetic algorithm with multi spectral images[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(4):181-185.)
[7]陈佳悦,姚霞,黄芬,等.基于图像处理的冬小麦氮素监测模型[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):163-170.(Chen Jiayue,Yao Xia,Huang Fen,et al.N status monitoring model in winter wheat based on image processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(4):163-170.)
[8]Golbach F,Kootstra G,Damjanovic S,et al.Validation of plant part measurements using a 3D reconstruction method suitable for highthroughput seedling phenotyping[J].Machine Vision&Applications,2016,27(5):663-680.
[9]韩仲志,赵友刚,杨锦忠.基于籽粒RGB图像独立分量的玉米胚部特征检测[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):222-226,389.(Han Zhongzhi,Zhao Yougang,Yang Jinzhong.Detection of embryo based on independent components for kernel RGB images in maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(3):222-226,389.)
[10]李革,李斌,王莹,等.基于HIS颜色模型的珍珠颜色分选方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(8):284-287.(Li Ge,Li Bin,Wang Ying,et al.Method of Classification of pearl color based on HIS model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(8):284-287.)
[11]宰松梅,温季,郭冬冬,等.基于支持向量机模型和图像处理技术的甜椒叶面积测定[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):237-241.(Zai Songmei,Wen Ji,Guo Dongdong,et al.Determination of leaf area of sweet pepper based on support vector machine model and image processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(3):237-241.)
[12]李明,张长利,房俊龙.基于图像处理技术的小麦叶面积指数的提取[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):205-209.(Li Ming,Zhang Changli,Fang Junlong.Extraction of leaf area index of wheat based on image processing technique[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(1):205-209.)
[13]高焕文,李问盈,李洪文.中国特色保护性耕作技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(3):1-4.(Gao Huanwen,Li Wenying,Li Hongwen.Conservation tillage technology with Chinese characteristrics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(3):1-4.)
[14]Neto J C,Meyer G E,Jones D D,et al.Plant species identification using elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(2):121-134.
[15]Tanmayee P.Rice crop monitoring system-a lot based machine vision approach[C]//Proc of International Conference on Nextgen Electronic Technologies:Silicon To Software.2017:26-29.
[16]Bhatt A K,Pant D.Automatic apple grading model development based on back propagation neural network and machine vision,and its performance evaluation[J].AI&Society,2015,30(1):45-56.
[17]Guyer D E,Miles G E,Schreiber M M,et al.Machine vision and image processing for plant identification[J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1986,29(6):1500-1507.
[18]Hayes J C,Han Y J.Comparison of crop-cover measuring systems[J/OL].Transactions of the Asae,1993,DOI:10.13031/2013.28517.
[19]毛礼钟.几种环境因素对水稻徒长的响影[J].植物生理学通讯,1959(1).(Mao Lizhong.The impact of several environmental factors on the growth of rice[J].Plant Physiological Communication,1959(1).)
[20]王勋,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同生态环境下水稻基因型产量形成与源库特性的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):615-619.(Wang Xun,Dai Yanbo,Jiang Dong,et al.Yield-formation and source-sink characteristics of rice genotypes under two different ecoenvironments[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(4):615-619.)
[21]Niu Genhua,Heins R D,Cameron A C,et al.Day and night temperatures,daily light integral,and CO2,enrichment affect growth and flower development of Campanula carpatica,‘Blue Clips’[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,87(1-2):93-105.
[22]Gent M P N,Ma Yongzhan.Mineral nutrition of tomato under diurnal temperature variation of root and shoot[J].Crop Science,2000,40(6):1629-1636.
[23]Mohammed A R,Tarpley L.High night temperatures affect rice productivity through altered pollen germination and spikelet fertility[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2009,149(6):999-1008.
[24]Fang Shibo,Cammarano D,Zhou G,et al.Effects of increased day and night temperature with supplemental infrared heating on winter wheat growth in North China[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,64(3):67-77.
[25]马旭,林超辉,齐龙,等.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):228-235.(Ma Xu,Lin Chaohui,Qi Long,et al.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):228-235.)
[26]Heo J W,Kong S S,Kim S K,et al.Light quality affects in Vitro growth of grape‘Teleki 5BB’[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2006,49(4):276-280.
[27]Asahina M,Tamaki Y,Sakamoto T,et al.Blue light-promoted rice leaf bending and unrolling are due to up-regulated brassinosteroid biosynthesis genes accompanied by accumulation of castasterone[J].Phytochemistry,2014,104(8):21-29.
[28]张喜娟,孟英,宋昌斌,等.红蓝光源夜间补光对水稻幼苗生长的影响[J].作物杂志,2013(2):75-79.(Zhang Xijuan,Meng Ying,Song Changbin,et al.Effects of red and blue light supplement at night on rice seedling growth[J].Crops,2013(2):75-79.)
[29]Matsuda R,Ohashikaneko K,Fujiwara K,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves grown under red light with or without supplemental blue light[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,2004,45(12):1870-1874.
[30]周立宏,李秀芬,赵凤艳,等.不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16):86-90.(Zhou Lihong,Li Xiufen,Zhao Fengyan,et al.Characters of temperature and humidity in colony of rice cultivars with different type[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(16):86-90.)
[31]张宏俊,包士忠,沈雁君,等.水稻恶苗病苗性状变化及对产量的影响[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):67-71.(Zhang Hongjun,Bao Shizhong,Shen Yanjun,et al.Change in trait of bakanae diseaseinfected leggy rice seedlings and its influence on rice yield[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2000,16(1):67-71.)
[32]Princen J,Illingworth J,Kittler J.A formal definition of the Hough transform:properties and relationships[J].Journal of Mathematical Imaging&Vision,1992,1(2):153-168.
[33]陆秀明,黄庆,孙雪晨,等.图像处理技术估测水稻叶面积指数的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):65-68.(Lu Xiuming,Huang Qing,Sun Xuechen,et al.Application of image processing technology in rice canopy leaf area index[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):65-68.)
[2]鲁运江.恒温箱在早春瓜菜种子催芽中的应用技术[J].农村百事通,2012(3):40-41.(Lu Yunjiang.Application of thermostat in seed germination of early spring melon and vegetable[J].Nongcun Baishitong,2012(3):40-41.)
[3]史智兴,程洪,李江涛,等.图像处理识别玉米品种的特征参数研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):193-195.(Shi Zhixing,Cheng Hong,Li Jiangtao,et al.Study on the characteristic parameters of image processing for identifying maize varieties[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(6):193-195.)
[4]解博,周律.基于机器视觉的杏核图像识别系统设计[J].电子科技,2016,29(10):97-100.(Xie Bo,Zhou Lyu.Design of an almond image recognition system based on machine vision[J].Electronic Science and Technology,2016,29(10):97-100).
[5]章佳佳,杨振超,周律.基于MATLAB图像处理的果核分拣系统[J].电子科技,2017,30(9):50-52.(Zhang Jiajia,Yang Zhenchao,Zhou Lyu.The cores sorting system research using image processing based on MATLAB[J].Electronic Science and Technology,2017,30(9):50-52.)
[6]安琼,杨邦杰,郭琳.面向对象的多光谱图像特征遗传选优方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):181-185.(An Qiong,Yang Bangjie,Guo Lin.Method for object-oriented feature selection based on genetic algorithm with multi spectral images[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(4):181-185.)
[7]陈佳悦,姚霞,黄芬,等.基于图像处理的冬小麦氮素监测模型[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):163-170.(Chen Jiayue,Yao Xia,Huang Fen,et al.N status monitoring model in winter wheat based on image processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(4):163-170.)
[8]Golbach F,Kootstra G,Damjanovic S,et al.Validation of plant part measurements using a 3D reconstruction method suitable for highthroughput seedling phenotyping[J].Machine Vision&Applications,2016,27(5):663-680.
[9]韩仲志,赵友刚,杨锦忠.基于籽粒RGB图像独立分量的玉米胚部特征检测[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):222-226,389.(Han Zhongzhi,Zhao Yougang,Yang Jinzhong.Detection of embryo based on independent components for kernel RGB images in maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(3):222-226,389.)
[10]李革,李斌,王莹,等.基于HIS颜色模型的珍珠颜色分选方法[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(8):284-287.(Li Ge,Li Bin,Wang Ying,et al.Method of Classification of pearl color based on HIS model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(8):284-287.)
[11]宰松梅,温季,郭冬冬,等.基于支持向量机模型和图像处理技术的甜椒叶面积测定[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):237-241.(Zai Songmei,Wen Ji,Guo Dongdong,et al.Determination of leaf area of sweet pepper based on support vector machine model and image processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(3):237-241.)
[12]李明,张长利,房俊龙.基于图像处理技术的小麦叶面积指数的提取[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):205-209.(Li Ming,Zhang Changli,Fang Junlong.Extraction of leaf area index of wheat based on image processing technique[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(1):205-209.)
[13]高焕文,李问盈,李洪文.中国特色保护性耕作技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(3):1-4.(Gao Huanwen,Li Wenying,Li Hongwen.Conservation tillage technology with Chinese characteristrics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(3):1-4.)
[14]Neto J C,Meyer G E,Jones D D,et al.Plant species identification using elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(2):121-134.
[15]Tanmayee P.Rice crop monitoring system-a lot based machine vision approach[C]//Proc of International Conference on Nextgen Electronic Technologies:Silicon To Software.2017:26-29.
[16]Bhatt A K,Pant D.Automatic apple grading model development based on back propagation neural network and machine vision,and its performance evaluation[J].AI&Society,2015,30(1):45-56.
[17]Guyer D E,Miles G E,Schreiber M M,et al.Machine vision and image processing for plant identification[J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1986,29(6):1500-1507.
[18]Hayes J C,Han Y J.Comparison of crop-cover measuring systems[J/OL].Transactions of the Asae,1993,DOI:10.13031/2013.28517.
[19]毛礼钟.几种环境因素对水稻徒长的响影[J].植物生理学通讯,1959(1).(Mao Lizhong.The impact of several environmental factors on the growth of rice[J].Plant Physiological Communication,1959(1).)
[20]王勋,戴廷波,姜东,等.不同生态环境下水稻基因型产量形成与源库特性的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):615-619.(Wang Xun,Dai Yanbo,Jiang Dong,et al.Yield-formation and source-sink characteristics of rice genotypes under two different ecoenvironments[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(4):615-619.)
[21]Niu Genhua,Heins R D,Cameron A C,et al.Day and night temperatures,daily light integral,and CO2,enrichment affect growth and flower development of Campanula carpatica,‘Blue Clips’[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,87(1-2):93-105.
[22]Gent M P N,Ma Yongzhan.Mineral nutrition of tomato under diurnal temperature variation of root and shoot[J].Crop Science,2000,40(6):1629-1636.
[23]Mohammed A R,Tarpley L.High night temperatures affect rice productivity through altered pollen germination and spikelet fertility[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2009,149(6):999-1008.
[24]Fang Shibo,Cammarano D,Zhou G,et al.Effects of increased day and night temperature with supplemental infrared heating on winter wheat growth in North China[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,64(3):67-77.
[25]马旭,林超辉,齐龙,等.不同光质与光照度对水稻温室立体育秧秧苗素质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):228-235.(Ma Xu,Lin Chaohui,Qi Long,et al.Effect of different lighting quality and intensities on quality of rice seedling by greenhouse stereoscopic nursing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(11):228-235.)
[26]Heo J W,Kong S S,Kim S K,et al.Light quality affects in Vitro growth of grape‘Teleki 5BB’[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2006,49(4):276-280.
[27]Asahina M,Tamaki Y,Sakamoto T,et al.Blue light-promoted rice leaf bending and unrolling are due to up-regulated brassinosteroid biosynthesis genes accompanied by accumulation of castasterone[J].Phytochemistry,2014,104(8):21-29.
[28]张喜娟,孟英,宋昌斌,等.红蓝光源夜间补光对水稻幼苗生长的影响[J].作物杂志,2013(2):75-79.(Zhang Xijuan,Meng Ying,Song Changbin,et al.Effects of red and blue light supplement at night on rice seedling growth[J].Crops,2013(2):75-79.)
[29]Matsuda R,Ohashikaneko K,Fujiwara K,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves grown under red light with or without supplemental blue light[J].Plant&Cell Physiology,2004,45(12):1870-1874.
[30]周立宏,李秀芬,赵凤艳,等.不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16):86-90.(Zhou Lihong,Li Xiufen,Zhao Fengyan,et al.Characters of temperature and humidity in colony of rice cultivars with different type[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(16):86-90.)
[31]张宏俊,包士忠,沈雁君,等.水稻恶苗病苗性状变化及对产量的影响[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):67-71.(Zhang Hongjun,Bao Shizhong,Shen Yanjun,et al.Change in trait of bakanae diseaseinfected leggy rice seedlings and its influence on rice yield[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2000,16(1):67-71.)
[32]Princen J,Illingworth J,Kittler J.A formal definition of the Hough transform:properties and relationships[J].Journal of Mathematical Imaging&Vision,1992,1(2):153-168.
[33]陆秀明,黄庆,孙雪晨,等.图像处理技术估测水稻叶面积指数的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):65-68.(Lu Xiuming,Huang Qing,Sun Xuechen,et al.Application of image processing technology in rice canopy leaf area index[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):65-68.)