改进步行指数模型在城市步行性评价中的应用
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摘要
步行指数(Walkability index)是一种量化测度步行性的方法,国内外的诸多研究都表明步行环境对步行出行方式、步行路径选择有显著影响,而既有步行指数模型未能考虑步行者对街道环境的整体感知。研究在既有步行指数模型基础上,进一步考虑步行环境的影响,通过SP调查确定步行环境表征因素,将步行路权形式及步行道宽度、沿线机动车开口密度、沿街界面积极程度及过街道路红线宽度5个影响步行环境的关键因素纳入步行指数影响因素对其进行修正。改进后的模型考虑步行环境和安全性的影响,可更准确地测度步行性,判别步行友好程度及改进方向。最后以张家港市核心区对模型改进前后的结果进行验证。
Walking index is an quantitative index to measure the walkability.Many researches have shown that the pedestrian environment has a significant impact on pedestrian trip options,however,the existing walking index model fails to consider the overall perception of pedestrian on the street environment.Based on the revision of pedestrian index,this paper further considers the influence of actual pedestrian environment.In this study,the walkway environment characterization factors are determined by SP survey.The key factors influencing the walking environment,such as the width of pedestrian walkway,the density of motor vehicle entrances along the street,the degree of street interface and the width of streets,are included into the influencing factors of pedestrian index.The index can be used to determine the degree of pedestrian friendship and the direction of the improvement.The improved walking index model considers the influence of walking environment and safety,which can measure the walking characteristics more accurately.The results of the model before and after the improvement are verified in the core area of Zhangjiagang.
Walking index is an quantitative index to measure the walkability.Many researches have shown that the pedestrian environment has a significant impact on pedestrian trip options,however,the existing walking index model fails to consider the overall perception of pedestrian on the street environment.Based on the revision of pedestrian index,this paper further considers the influence of actual pedestrian environment.In this study,the walkway environment characterization factors are determined by SP survey.The key factors influencing the walking environment,such as the width of pedestrian walkway,the density of motor vehicle entrances along the street,the degree of street interface and the width of streets,are included into the influencing factors of pedestrian index.The index can be used to determine the degree of pedestrian friendship and the direction of the improvement.The improved walking index model considers the influence of walking environment and safety,which can measure the walking characteristics more accurately.The results of the model before and after the improvement are verified in the core area of Zhangjiagang.
引文
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[2]CARR L J,DUNSIGER S I,MARCUS B H.Validation of Walk ScoreTM for Estimating Access to Walkable Amenities.British Journal of Sports Medicine,2011,45:1144-1148.
[3]DUNCAN D T,ALDSTADT J,WHALEN J,et al.Validation of Walk Score for Estimating Neighborhood Walkability:An Analysis of Four US Metropolitan Areas,International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011,8:4160-4179.
[4]DUNCAN D T,ALDSTADT J,WHALEN J,et al.Validation of Walk Scores and Transit Scores for estimating neighborhood walkability and transit availability:a small-area analysis,GeoJournal,2013,78:407-416.
[5]卢银桃,王德.美国步行性测度研究进展及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):10-15.
[6]CORTRIGHT J.Walking the walk:how walkability raises housing values.in U.S.Cities,CEOs for Cities(www.ceosforcities.org);www.ceosforcities.org/files/Walking The Walk_CEOs for Cities1.pdf,2009,253(12):1594-1602.
[7]任春洋.高密度方格路网与街道的演变、价值、形式和适用性分析[J].城市规划学刊,2008(2):53-61.
[8]李怀敏.从“威尼斯步行”到“一平方英里地图”——对城市公共空间网络可步行性的探讨[J].规划师,2007,23(4):21-26.
[9]孙惠芳.城市轨道交通车站通道行人步行微观参数实测分析[J].交通科技与经济,2017(1):15-16.
[10]黄烨勍,孙一民.街区适宜尺度的判定特征及量化指标[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(9):131-138.
[11]谢祥椿,张成.一种基于核函数法的步行需求预测方法[J].交通科技与经济,2016,18(2):32-36.
[12]扬·盖尔.交往与空间[M].何人可,译.4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[13]杨观宇.城市舒适性步行系统的影响要素及其应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012:40-41.
[2]CARR L J,DUNSIGER S I,MARCUS B H.Validation of Walk ScoreTM for Estimating Access to Walkable Amenities.British Journal of Sports Medicine,2011,45:1144-1148.
[3]DUNCAN D T,ALDSTADT J,WHALEN J,et al.Validation of Walk Score for Estimating Neighborhood Walkability:An Analysis of Four US Metropolitan Areas,International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011,8:4160-4179.
[4]DUNCAN D T,ALDSTADT J,WHALEN J,et al.Validation of Walk Scores and Transit Scores for estimating neighborhood walkability and transit availability:a small-area analysis,GeoJournal,2013,78:407-416.
[5]卢银桃,王德.美国步行性测度研究进展及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):10-15.
[6]CORTRIGHT J.Walking the walk:how walkability raises housing values.in U.S.Cities,CEOs for Cities(www.ceosforcities.org);www.ceosforcities.org/files/Walking The Walk_CEOs for Cities1.pdf,2009,253(12):1594-1602.
[7]任春洋.高密度方格路网与街道的演变、价值、形式和适用性分析[J].城市规划学刊,2008(2):53-61.
[8]李怀敏.从“威尼斯步行”到“一平方英里地图”——对城市公共空间网络可步行性的探讨[J].规划师,2007,23(4):21-26.
[9]孙惠芳.城市轨道交通车站通道行人步行微观参数实测分析[J].交通科技与经济,2017(1):15-16.
[10]黄烨勍,孙一民.街区适宜尺度的判定特征及量化指标[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(9):131-138.
[11]谢祥椿,张成.一种基于核函数法的步行需求预测方法[J].交通科技与经济,2016,18(2):32-36.
[12]扬·盖尔.交往与空间[M].何人可,译.4版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[13]杨观宇.城市舒适性步行系统的影响要素及其应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012:40-41.