篮球运动员肩关节等速肌力测试与分析
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摘要
通过对篮球运动员肩关节肌肉力量峰力矩的测试,了肌肉发力情解况,探讨篮球运动员上肢肩关节在力量训练中存在的问题,以期对篮球运动员肩关节的损伤提出有益参考与建议。以12名男篮运动员为研究对象,采用等速肌力测试系统测试其肩关节屈伸、收展以及内外旋转肌群的动力学参数。结果:受试者在等动测试设备上不同角速度下各运动姿势下肩关节相对峰力矩,前屈角速度60°/s时为0.78±0.13,前屈角速度240°/s时为0.64±0.13,(P<0.05);后伸角速度60°/s时为1.28±0.23,后伸角速度240°/s时为1.11±0.19,(P<0.05);内收角速度60°/s时为0.98±0.11,内收角速度240°/s时为0.88±0.12,(P<0.05);篮球运动员肩关节内旋和外旋峰力矩在低速和高速下的峰力矩的比值相差较大,分别为1.52±0.21和1.68±0.212,(P<0.05)。结论:篮球运动员肩关节在低速和高速等动测试时其相对峰力矩值为后伸大于前屈,外展大于内收,内旋大于外旋。随着运动速度增加,肩关节相对峰力矩值在不同运动模式之下表现出下降趋势。在屈伸方向测试中,受试者主动肌与拮抗肌比值偏小,建议受试者加强主动肌锻炼,即加强屈肌群的力量训练。另外,屈伸、内收外展以及内旋耐力表现理想,而外旋耐力有些薄弱,建议加强外旋肌群锻炼,以免外旋肌群受伤。
By testing the peak moment of shoulder joint muscle strength of basketball players,this paper analyzes the situation of muscle strength and discusses the problems existing in the shoulder joint strength training of basketball players,so as to provide useful reference and Suggestions for the injury of shoulder joint of basketball players.The dynamic parameters of flexion and extension of shoulder joint,extension and rotation of 12 male basketball players were measured by isokinetic muscle strength test system.Results: subjects under different angular velocity on the dynamic test equipment such as the motion of the shoulder joint relative peak torque,bending forward angular velocity when 60 °/s was 0.78 +/-0.13,before the 240 ° angular velocity/s was 0.64 +/-0.13,(P<0.05);And angular velocity after 60 °/s was 1.28 +/-0.23,and angular velocity after 240 °/s was 1.11 +/-0.19,(P<0.05);Adduction angular velocity when 60 °/s was 0.98 +/-0.11,adduction angular velocity 240 °/s was 0.88 +/-0.12,(P<0.05);The ratio of peak torques of basketball players' shoulder joint under low speed and high speed was 1.52 0.21 and 1.68 0.212,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion: the relative peak torque of the shoulder joint of basketball players in low speed and high speed tests is that the extension is greater than the forward flexion,the abduction is greater than the adduction,and the internal rotation is greater than the external rotation.With the increase of motion velocity,the relative peak torque of shoulder joint shows a declining trend under different motion modes.In the flexion and extension direction test,the ratio of active muscle and antagonistic muscle of the subject is relatively small,so it is suggested that the subject strengthen the exercise of active muscle,that is,strengthen the strength training of flexor muscle group.In addition,flexion and extension,adduction and abduction,and pronation endurance performance is ideal,and the pronation endurance is a little weak,it is recommended to strengthen the exercise of the external pronation muscle group,so as to avoid injury to the external pronation muscle group.
By testing the peak moment of shoulder joint muscle strength of basketball players,this paper analyzes the situation of muscle strength and discusses the problems existing in the shoulder joint strength training of basketball players,so as to provide useful reference and Suggestions for the injury of shoulder joint of basketball players.The dynamic parameters of flexion and extension of shoulder joint,extension and rotation of 12 male basketball players were measured by isokinetic muscle strength test system.Results: subjects under different angular velocity on the dynamic test equipment such as the motion of the shoulder joint relative peak torque,bending forward angular velocity when 60 °/s was 0.78 +/-0.13,before the 240 ° angular velocity/s was 0.64 +/-0.13,(P<0.05);And angular velocity after 60 °/s was 1.28 +/-0.23,and angular velocity after 240 °/s was 1.11 +/-0.19,(P<0.05);Adduction angular velocity when 60 °/s was 0.98 +/-0.11,adduction angular velocity 240 °/s was 0.88 +/-0.12,(P<0.05);The ratio of peak torques of basketball players' shoulder joint under low speed and high speed was 1.52 0.21 and 1.68 0.212,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion: the relative peak torque of the shoulder joint of basketball players in low speed and high speed tests is that the extension is greater than the forward flexion,the abduction is greater than the adduction,and the internal rotation is greater than the external rotation.With the increase of motion velocity,the relative peak torque of shoulder joint shows a declining trend under different motion modes.In the flexion and extension direction test,the ratio of active muscle and antagonistic muscle of the subject is relatively small,so it is suggested that the subject strengthen the exercise of active muscle,that is,strengthen the strength training of flexor muscle group.In addition,flexion and extension,adduction and abduction,and pronation endurance performance is ideal,and the pronation endurance is a little weak,it is recommended to strengthen the exercise of the external pronation muscle group,so as to avoid injury to the external pronation muscle group.
引文
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[11]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012(6):517-522.
[12]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.综合力量训练对中国女子篮球运动员腰、膝、踝等速力量的影响[J].中国体育科技,2012(2):35-39.
[13]葛卫忠.青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010(3):46-50.
[2]李益平,张颖,杜金刚.等速训练对乳腺癌术后患者上肢功能的影响[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2017(10):769-772.
[3]范利,杨坚,张颖,等.等速肌力训练对偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响[J].中国康复,2017(1):10-12.
[4]陶吉明,张广渊,张宏,等.膏摩治疗配合等速训练治疗肩周炎的疗效观察[J].中国康复,2017(1):20-22.
[5]唐超,蒲兵兵,丁铃,等.肱骨外科颈骨折内固定术后等速肌力训练效果观察[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2018(5):522-523.
[6]王磊,吴翠娥.优秀跳水运动员肩关节脱位康复训练效果分析[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2017(5):50-53.
[7]王磊,吴翠娥.江苏游泳运动员肩部旋转肌力与肩关节损伤率的队列研究[J].体育与科学,2017(6):105-109.
[8]杨雪清,程亮.篮球运动员躯干和下肢等速肌力分析[J].中国组织工程研究,2018(12):1835-1840.
[9]王艳春.大学生高水平女篮运动员疲劳后膝关节肌群等速力量变化的研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2012(4):497-500.
[10]肖冰,叶展红,庞杰.优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征[J].中国组织工程研究,2015(24):3889-3893.
[11]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012(6):517-522.
[12]罗安民,李珺晖,洪平.综合力量训练对中国女子篮球运动员腰、膝、踝等速力量的影响[J].中国体育科技,2012(2):35-39.
[13]葛卫忠.青少年男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2010(3):46-50.