环境规制对中国制造业出口竞争力的影响
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摘要
基于环境规制影响出口竞争力的传导机制分析,运用Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek(简称HOV)模型,以26个制造业行业"十一五""十二五"(2006—2015年)10年间的数据作为样本,研究环境规制对出口竞争力的影响。研究结果表明:其影响是先抑制、再促进的"U"型动态影响。目前我国处于拐点左侧,即制造业出口竞争力随环境规制水平上升,将不可避免地呈现下降趋势。从长期来看,存在"波特效应"。为尽早越过拐点,促进中国制造业提高出口竞争力,政府应建立健全环境保护与贸易立法,实行差异化环境规制政策并丰富环境规制工具;产业应加强技术进步和转型升级,利用绿色补贴等政策发展绿色环保产业;企业应树立环保理念,加快技术创新,增加人力资本投入。
Based on analysis of the transmission mechanism of environmental regulation on export competitiveness, this article introduces the HOV model and uses the data of 26 manufacturing industries from 2006 to 2015 during the period of 11 th and 12 th Five-Year Plan as a sample to research the impact of environmental regulation on export competitiveness. The results show that the effect is U-shaped. At present, China is on the left side of the inflection point. That is to say, as the level of environmental regulation increases, the export competitiveness of manufacturing will decrease. However, in the long run, there is a "Porter Effect". For the other factors, the influence also is a U-shaped curve. In order to increase the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, the government should establish and improve environmental protection legislation and trade legislation, implement differentiated environmental regulation policies and enrich environmental regulation tools; industries should strengthen technological progress and industrial transformation and upgrading, implement green subsidy policy to develop green industry; enterprises should establish concepts of environmental protection, accelerate technological innovation and increase human capital investment.
Based on analysis of the transmission mechanism of environmental regulation on export competitiveness, this article introduces the HOV model and uses the data of 26 manufacturing industries from 2006 to 2015 during the period of 11 th and 12 th Five-Year Plan as a sample to research the impact of environmental regulation on export competitiveness. The results show that the effect is U-shaped. At present, China is on the left side of the inflection point. That is to say, as the level of environmental regulation increases, the export competitiveness of manufacturing will decrease. However, in the long run, there is a "Porter Effect". For the other factors, the influence also is a U-shaped curve. In order to increase the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, the government should establish and improve environmental protection legislation and trade legislation, implement differentiated environmental regulation policies and enrich environmental regulation tools; industries should strengthen technological progress and industrial transformation and upgrading, implement green subsidy policy to develop green industry; enterprises should establish concepts of environmental protection, accelerate technological innovation and increase human capital investment.
引文
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[16] 杨振兵,马霞,蒲红霞.环境规制、市场竞争与贸易比较优势[J].国际贸易问题,2015(3):65-75.
[17] 朱平芳,李磊.两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究——上海市大中型工业企业的微观实证[J].经济研究,2006(3):90-102.
[18] 陈诗一.中国工业分行业统计数据估算:1980—2008[J].经济学(季刊),2011(2):735-776.
[19] Cole,Robert,Shimamoto.Why the Grass is not Always Greener:the Competing Effects of Environment Regulations and Factor Intensities on US Specialization[J].Ecological Economics,2005(54):95-109.
[20] 范秋芳,王嫚.新常态下山东省制造业转型升级评价研究[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2018,34(3):24-30.
[21] 宋杰鲲,梁璐璐.山东省地市碳排放效率测度、影响因素与提升对策[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2018,34(1):15-21.
[2] Robison.Industrial Pollution Abatement:The Impact on Ba-lance of Trade[J].Canadian Journal of Economics,1988(21):187-189.
[3] Mani,Wheeler.In Search of Pollution Havens?Dirty Industry in the World Economy,1960—1995[J].Journal of Environment and Development,1998(7):215-247.
[4] Ederington J,Levinson A,Minier J.Footloose and Pollution-Free[J].Review of Economics & Statistics,2005,87(1):92-99.
[5] Quiroga,Stemer,Persson.Have Countries with Lax Envi-ronment Regulations a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries[J].Economics and Environment,2009(29):38-45.
[6] Meeta Keswani Mehra,Deepti Kohli.Environmental Regu-lation and Intra-industry Trade[J].International Economic Journal,2018(4):133-160.
[7] Gardiner.Dose Environmental Policy Conflict with Economic Growth[J].Resource,1994(2):20-21.
[8] Porter Michael,Van Der Linde.Toward a New Conception of the Environment Competitiveness Relationship[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995(9):97-118.
[9] 傅京燕,李丽莎.环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究[J].管理世界,2010(10):87-98.
[10] 王凯.环境规制对我国工业行业出口竞争力的影响——以污染密集型行业为例[J].成本研究,2012(1):80-81.
[11] 李玲,陶峰.中国制造业最优环境规制强度的选择——基于绿色全要素生产率的视角[J].中国工业经济,2012(5):70-82.
[12] 陈春根,钱静,应美群.环境规制对我国制造业出口贸易竞争力影响的实证分析[J].经济论坛,2013(10):83-86.
[13] 廖涵,谢靖.环境规制对中国制造业贸易比较优势的影响——基于出口增加值的视角[J].亚太经济,2017(4):46-53.
[14] 李小平,卢现祥,陶小琴.环境规制强度是否影响了中国工业行业的贸易比较优势[J].世界经济,2012(4):62-78.
[15] 章秀琴,张敏新.环境规制对我国环境敏感性产业出口竞争力影响的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2012(5):128-135.
[16] 杨振兵,马霞,蒲红霞.环境规制、市场竞争与贸易比较优势[J].国际贸易问题,2015(3):65-75.
[17] 朱平芳,李磊.两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究——上海市大中型工业企业的微观实证[J].经济研究,2006(3):90-102.
[18] 陈诗一.中国工业分行业统计数据估算:1980—2008[J].经济学(季刊),2011(2):735-776.
[19] Cole,Robert,Shimamoto.Why the Grass is not Always Greener:the Competing Effects of Environment Regulations and Factor Intensities on US Specialization[J].Ecological Economics,2005(54):95-109.
[20] 范秋芳,王嫚.新常态下山东省制造业转型升级评价研究[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2018,34(3):24-30.
[21] 宋杰鲲,梁璐璐.山东省地市碳排放效率测度、影响因素与提升对策[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2018,34(1):15-21.