中性昆虫蚊虫在不同品种茶园节肢动物群落中的作用和地位
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摘要
【目的】明确中性昆虫蚊虫在茶园节肢动物群落中的地位和作用,为茶园害虫综合防治、科学合理地保护和利用自然天敌提供科学依据。【方法】对2015、2016年的白毫早茶园和乌牛早茶园及2014、2015年安吉白茶茶园蚊虫及主要害虫与8种蜘蛛类群的关系进行分析,用灰色关联度法和时间生态位相似性系数法分析蚊虫及5种害虫与蜘蛛类群在数量上和时间上的关系,利用通径分析法分析蚊虫及5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的直接和间接作用,运用决策系数R~2(j)大小判别蚊虫和5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的作用大小次序。对上述结果进行标准化处理,综合评判,求得与蜘蛛类天敌作用大的前3位食饵。【结果】在天敌食饵的数量、发生时间与天敌关系的密切程度上,第1位的食饵是双斑长跗萤叶甲,第2位是蚊虫,第3位是茶蚜。3种茶园2个年度的R~2(j)值标准化处理综合分析得出:对蜘蛛类天敌作用最大的第1位食饵是假眼小绿叶蝉,第2位是蓟马,第3位是蚊虫。【结论】由蚊虫作为天敌食饵的地位看出,蚊虫替代害虫对蜘蛛的生长、繁殖起到很大作用。
[Purpose]In order to clarify the position and function of neutral insects and mosquitoes in arthropod community in tea plantations, this study provided a scientific basis for the scientific and rational protection and utilization of natural enemies in the integrated control of tea plant pests.[Method]For 2015 and 2016 Baihaozao tea garden and Wuniuzao tea garden and 2014 and 2015 Anjibaicha tea plant mosquitoes and the main plant-eating insects Brevipalpus obovatus, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Empoasca vitis, Thripidae and Toxoptera aurantii five kinds of pests and eight kinds of spider taxa were analyzed. Gray relational degree method was used to analyze the correlation between mosquitoes and five pests and spider groups. The method of niche similarity coefficient with time was used to analyze the relationship between mosquitoes and five kinds of insects and spiders that over time. The path analysis was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of mosquitoes and five kinds of pests on the spider groups. The results are standardized and evaluated synthetically to obtain the first three preys which have a great effect on spider natural enemies.[Result]Dividing the maximum value of each parameter, the normalized ratios of the three varieties in different years were added, and the maximum was the most prevalent or most prey to the spider group. As a result,the number one predator was M. hieroglyphica, the second was mosquito and the third was T. aurantii. In time, the first prey bait was M. hieroglyphica, the second was the mosquito, the third was T.aurantii. According to the standardization of R~2(j) values in two years of three kinds of tea gardens,the first prey was E. vitis, Thripidae was the second, the third place was the mosquito.[Conclusion]This shows that mosquitoes in the replacement of prey living in the main position in the growth and reproduction of spiders played a big role in the replacement.
[Purpose]In order to clarify the position and function of neutral insects and mosquitoes in arthropod community in tea plantations, this study provided a scientific basis for the scientific and rational protection and utilization of natural enemies in the integrated control of tea plant pests.[Method]For 2015 and 2016 Baihaozao tea garden and Wuniuzao tea garden and 2014 and 2015 Anjibaicha tea plant mosquitoes and the main plant-eating insects Brevipalpus obovatus, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Empoasca vitis, Thripidae and Toxoptera aurantii five kinds of pests and eight kinds of spider taxa were analyzed. Gray relational degree method was used to analyze the correlation between mosquitoes and five pests and spider groups. The method of niche similarity coefficient with time was used to analyze the relationship between mosquitoes and five kinds of insects and spiders that over time. The path analysis was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of mosquitoes and five kinds of pests on the spider groups. The results are standardized and evaluated synthetically to obtain the first three preys which have a great effect on spider natural enemies.[Result]Dividing the maximum value of each parameter, the normalized ratios of the three varieties in different years were added, and the maximum was the most prevalent or most prey to the spider group. As a result,the number one predator was M. hieroglyphica, the second was mosquito and the third was T. aurantii. In time, the first prey bait was M. hieroglyphica, the second was the mosquito, the third was T.aurantii. According to the standardization of R~2(j) values in two years of three kinds of tea gardens,the first prey was E. vitis, Thripidae was the second, the third place was the mosquito.[Conclusion]This shows that mosquitoes in the replacement of prey living in the main position in the growth and reproduction of spiders played a big role in the replacement.
引文
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[17]王昀,陈亦然,张勇,等.黄板防治和化学防治下茶园节肢动物群落结构的比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(4):553.DOI:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20170811.025.
[18]陈李林.茶园节肢动物类群多样性恢复和害虫持续控制[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[19]陈起英.茶园节肢动物群落结构、动态及其数字模型[D].福州:福建农林大学,2004.
[20]季小明,王梦馨,江丽容,等.太湖洞庭山十种茶果间作茶园节肢动物群落组成的异同性[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1471.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2011.231.
[21]吴满霞.茶园间作增进生物多样性和提升茶叶品质的研究[D].杭州:中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,2010.
[22]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1990.
[23]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]袁志发,周静芊.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[2]邹运鼎,王弘法.农林昆虫生态学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989.
[3]COHEN J E,BRIAND F,NEWMAN C M.Community food webs:data and theory[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1990.
[4]张汉鹄,谭济才.中国茶树害虫及其无公害治理[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2004.
[5]吴进才,胡国文,唐健,等.稻田中性昆虫对群落食物网的调控作用[J].生态学报,1994,14(4):381.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1994.04.015.
[6]吴进才,胡国文,唐健,等.稻田节肢动物群落营养物种的初步研究[J].农业科学集刊,1993(1):234.
[7]吴进才,郭玉杰,束兆林,等.稻田节肢动物群落不同取样方法的比较[J].昆虫知识,1993,30(3):182.
[8]SETTLE W H,ARIAWAN H,ASTUTI E T.Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist nutural enemies and slternative prey[J].Ecology,1996,77(7):1975.DOI:10.2307/2265694.
[9]REISSIG W H,HEINRICHS E A,LITSINGER J A,et al.Illustrated guide to integrated pest management in rice in tropical Asia[M].Los Ba?os:International Rice Research Institute,1986.
[10]郭玉杰,王念英,蒋金炜,等.中性昆虫在稻田节肢动物群落中作为捕食者营养桥梁作用的研究[J].中国生物防治,1995,11(1):5.
[11]林源,周夏芝,毕守东,等.中稻田三种飞虱的捕食性天敌优势种及农药对天敌的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2189.DOI:10.5846/stxb201112171926.
[12]吴进才,徐建祥,程遐年.蚊幼对狼蛛的营养作用研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(3):292.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1997.03.012.
[13]徐建祥,吴进才.综论稻田生态系统中性昆虫的意义及其调控[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(5):41.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.1999.05.008.
[14]李慧玲,郭剑雄,张辉,等.茶园间不同绿肥对节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):545.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.070.
[15]刘晨,陈国华,唐嘉义,等.不同茶园昆虫群落结构及稳定性分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2010,25(6):786.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X.2010.06.006.
[16]邹武,林瑾,林乃铨.福州茶园节肢动物群落季节消长研究[J].华东昆虫学报,2008,17(4):277.
[17]王昀,陈亦然,张勇,等.黄板防治和化学防治下茶园节肢动物群落结构的比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(4):553.DOI:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20170811.025.
[18]陈李林.茶园节肢动物类群多样性恢复和害虫持续控制[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[19]陈起英.茶园节肢动物群落结构、动态及其数字模型[D].福州:福建农林大学,2004.
[20]季小明,王梦馨,江丽容,等.太湖洞庭山十种茶果间作茶园节肢动物群落组成的异同性[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1471.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2011.231.
[21]吴满霞.茶园间作增进生物多样性和提升茶叶品质的研究[D].杭州:中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,2010.
[22]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1990.
[23]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24]袁志发,周静芊.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.