生物多样性重要区域(KBAs)识别全球标准及在中国的应用建议
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摘要
生物多样性重要区域的识别是进行生物多样性保护的首要步骤。世界自然保护联盟(International Unionfor Conservation of Nature,IUCN) 2016年3月正式发布了生物多样性重要区域(简称KBAs)识别的全球标准(KBA标准)。首次系统地考虑不同层次的生物多样性及其要素,从基因层面、物种层面和生态系统层面定位和突显那些对于维护全球生物多样性具有重要贡献的地区,帮助各国和地区识别对维护全球陆地、内陆水域和海洋生物多样性有显著贡献的区域。该标准是IUCN近30多年以来开展不同生物类群、生态和专类别生物多样性重要区域识别的经验基础上提出来的又一重要全球标准。笔者对标准中几点关键原则进行了重点解读,并结合中国在生物多样性重要区域识别的研究进展提出了有针对性的建议。
Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas( KBAs) is the primary step in the conservation of biodiversity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature( IUCN) formally released a Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas in March 2016. This is the first time application of biodiversity elements in the consideration of highlighted sites that make significant contributions to the global persistence of biodiversity. Furthermore,the criteria of KBA incorporate elements of biodiversity across genetic,species,and ecosystem levels,helping countries and regions to identify areas and sites that contribute significantly to biodiversity across global terrestrial, inland waters, and marine environments. This paper provides an overview of the global standards identified by IUCN as KBA criteria,which is based on IUCN's 30 years of experience identifying important areas rich with biological species as well as ecologically and genetically diverse regions. The review focuses on several key principles of the standard and some suggestions for the identification of key biodiversity areas have been proposed in accordance with China's current research activities and practices.
Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas( KBAs) is the primary step in the conservation of biodiversity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature( IUCN) formally released a Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas in March 2016. This is the first time application of biodiversity elements in the consideration of highlighted sites that make significant contributions to the global persistence of biodiversity. Furthermore,the criteria of KBA incorporate elements of biodiversity across genetic,species,and ecosystem levels,helping countries and regions to identify areas and sites that contribute significantly to biodiversity across global terrestrial, inland waters, and marine environments. This paper provides an overview of the global standards identified by IUCN as KBA criteria,which is based on IUCN's 30 years of experience identifying important areas rich with biological species as well as ecologically and genetically diverse regions. The review focuses on several key principles of the standard and some suggestions for the identification of key biodiversity areas have been proposed in accordance with China's current research activities and practices.
引文
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[12]栾晓峰,黄维妮,王秀磊,等.基于系统保护规划方法东北生物多样性热点地区和保护空缺分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):144-150.[LUAN Xiao-feng,HUANG Wei-ni,WANG Xiu-lei,et al.Identification of Hotspots and Gaps for Biodiversity Conservation in Northeast China Based on a Systematic Conservation Planning Methodology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):144-150.]
[13]郭柳琳.基于系统保护规划的我国生物多样性优先保护及空缺分析[D].太原:山西大学,2015.[GUO Liu-lin.Study on Priority Conservation Areas and Gaps of Biodiversity in China Based on a Systematic Conservation Planning Method[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2015.]
[14]薛达元,武建勇.中国生物多样性保护新战略:《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030年)》[J].科技成果管理与研究,2014(4):83.
[15]CHAN S,CROSBY M,SO S,et al.Directory of Important Bird Areas in China(Mainland):Key Sites for Conservation[M].Cambridge,UK:BirdLife International,2009:1-231.]
[16]武建勇,薛达元,王爱华,等.生物多样性重要区域识别:国外案例、国内研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):3108-3114.[WU Jian-yong,XUE Da-yuan,WANG Ai-hua,et al.Case Studies on the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs)in Foreign Countries and Progress and Prospects in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(10):3108-3114.]
[2]FOSTER M N,BROOKS T M,CUTTELOD A,et al.The Identification of Sites of Biodiversity Conservation Significance:Progress With the Application of a Global Standard[J].Journal of Threatened Taxa,2012,4(8):2733-2744.
[3]BASS D,ANDERSON P,SILVA N D.Applying Thresholds to Identify Key Biodiversity Areas for Marine Turtles in Melanesia[J].Animal Conservation,2011,14(1):1-11.
[4]MWANGI M A K,BUTCHART S H M,MUNYEKENYE F B,et al.Tracking Trends in Key Sites for Biodiversity:A Case Study Using Important Bird Areas in Kenya[J].Bird Conservation International,2010,20(3):215-230.
[5]EDGAR G J,BROOKS T M.Testing Absolute and Percentage Thresholds in the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas[J].Animal Conservation,2011,14(1):12-13.
[6]HOLLAND R A,DARWALL W R T,SMITH K G.Conservation Priorities for Freshwater Biodiversity:The Key Biodiversity Area Approach Refined and Tested for Continental Africa[J].Biological Conservation,2012,148(1):167-179.
[7]Bird Life International.Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas(IBA)[J/OL].(2014-12-09)[2017-12-10].http:∥biodiversitya-z.org/content/important-bird-and-biodiversity-areas-iba.
[8]DARBYSHIRE I,ANDERSON S,ASATYYAN A.et al.Important Plant Areas:Revised Selection Criteria for a Global Approach to Plant Conservation[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2017,26(8):1767-1800.
[9]EKEN G,ISFENDIYAROGLU S,YENIYURT C,et al.Identifying Key Biodiversity Areas in Turkey:A Multi-Taxon Approach[J].International Journal of Biodiversity Science,Ecosystem Services&Management,2016,12(3):181-190.
[10]刘敏超,李迪强,温琰茂,等.基于GIS的三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):51-54.[LIU Min-chao,LI Di-qiang,WEN Yan-mao,et al.Assessment of the Priorities of Species Diversity Conservation in Sanjiangyuan Region by GIS[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(4):51-54.]
[11]张路,欧阳志云,肖焱,等.海南岛生物多样性保护优先区评价与系统保护规划[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2105-2112.[ZHANG Lu,OUYANG Zhi-yun,XIAO Yan,et al.Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in Hainan Island:Evaluation and Systematic Conservation Planning[J].Chinese Journal of Applied E-cology,2011,22(8):2105-2112.]
[12]栾晓峰,黄维妮,王秀磊,等.基于系统保护规划方法东北生物多样性热点地区和保护空缺分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):144-150.[LUAN Xiao-feng,HUANG Wei-ni,WANG Xiu-lei,et al.Identification of Hotspots and Gaps for Biodiversity Conservation in Northeast China Based on a Systematic Conservation Planning Methodology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):144-150.]
[13]郭柳琳.基于系统保护规划的我国生物多样性优先保护及空缺分析[D].太原:山西大学,2015.[GUO Liu-lin.Study on Priority Conservation Areas and Gaps of Biodiversity in China Based on a Systematic Conservation Planning Method[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2015.]
[14]薛达元,武建勇.中国生物多样性保护新战略:《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030年)》[J].科技成果管理与研究,2014(4):83.
[15]CHAN S,CROSBY M,SO S,et al.Directory of Important Bird Areas in China(Mainland):Key Sites for Conservation[M].Cambridge,UK:BirdLife International,2009:1-231.]
[16]武建勇,薛达元,王爱华,等.生物多样性重要区域识别:国外案例、国内研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(10):3108-3114.[WU Jian-yong,XUE Da-yuan,WANG Ai-hua,et al.Case Studies on the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs)in Foreign Countries and Progress and Prospects in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(10):3108-3114.]