频分多址盲炮检测技术与系统在深孔爆破中的应用研究
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摘要
针对深孔爆破中盲炮难以检测和识别的问题,开发了基于电磁波传播理论的深孔爆破盲炮频分多址检测技术与系统,并对检测系统的性能进行了试验研究。结果表明:在岩土体中传播的电磁信号发射频率越低其穿透能力越强,传播距离越远;在同等收发水平距离条件下,电磁信号幅值随着盲炮埋深的增加而减小,同时随着地下信号发生器发射频率的增大而减小;而且随着频率的增大,衰减趋势更明显。该盲炮检测系统良好的频响范围是2 012~5 025 Hz,对埋深≤40 m和收发水平距离≤30 m的深孔爆破盲炮,具有良好的检测识别能力。频分多址盲炮检测技术与系统可满足深孔爆破盲炮检测的要求。
Regarding the problem of the misfire in deep hole blasting,which it is difficult to detect and identify,the frequency division multiple access misfire detection technology and system based on electromagnetic wave propagation theory is developed,meanwhile,the performance of the detection system is studied.The results show that with the lower transmitting frequency of electromagnetic signal in rock-soil body,the penetration ability will be stronger and the transmission distance will be farther.Based on the condition of same horizontal distance,the amplitude variation of electromagnetic signal decreases with the increase of buried depth of the misfire,it also decreases with the increase of emission frequency of the underground signal generator,and the attenuation tendency with the increase of emission frequency is more obvious.The system response more obvious to frequency in 2 012~5 025 Hz,it has a better recognition ability when the misfires are located in the depth less than or equal to 40 m and the distance less than or equal to 30 m.Frequency division multiple access misfire detection technology and system can be successed for the detection of misfire in deep hole blasting.
Regarding the problem of the misfire in deep hole blasting,which it is difficult to detect and identify,the frequency division multiple access misfire detection technology and system based on electromagnetic wave propagation theory is developed,meanwhile,the performance of the detection system is studied.The results show that with the lower transmitting frequency of electromagnetic signal in rock-soil body,the penetration ability will be stronger and the transmission distance will be farther.Based on the condition of same horizontal distance,the amplitude variation of electromagnetic signal decreases with the increase of buried depth of the misfire,it also decreases with the increase of emission frequency of the underground signal generator,and the attenuation tendency with the increase of emission frequency is more obvious.The system response more obvious to frequency in 2 012~5 025 Hz,it has a better recognition ability when the misfires are located in the depth less than or equal to 40 m and the distance less than or equal to 30 m.Frequency division multiple access misfire detection technology and system can be successed for the detection of misfire in deep hole blasting.
引文
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[22]Liu Liansheng,Liang Longhua,Wu Jiyang,et al.Feasibility study of the transient electromagnetic method for chamber blasting misfire detection and recognition[J].Engineering Sciences,2014,16(11):107-112.[刘连生,梁龙华,吴吉洋,等.瞬变电磁法用于检测与识别硐室盲炮的可行性探讨[J].中国工程科学,2014,16(11):107-112.]
[23]Liu Liansheng,Qiu Jinming,Jiao Yongbin,et al.A feasibility study of the high precision magnetic method for chamber blasting misfire detection[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,19(5):19-22.[刘连生,邱金铭,焦永斌,等.高精度磁法用于硐室盲炮检测的可行性探讨[J].工程爆破,2013,19(5):19-22.]
[24]Liu Liansheng,Liu Jiangchao,Dong Guifa,et al.Experimental study on safety of electric detonator during process of identifying the misfire in chamber blasting by frequency division multiple access method[J].Gold Science and Technology,2016,24(5):73-79.[刘连生,刘江超,董贵法,等.频分多址检测法在硐室爆破盲炮识别过程中电雷管安全性试验研究[J].黄金科学技术,2016,24(5):73-79.]
[25]Jiang Zhihai,Yue Jianhua,Liu Shucai.Mine transient electromagnetic observation system of small multi-turn coincident configuration[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,158(11):1152-1156.[姜志海,岳建华,刘树才.多匝重叠小回线装置的矿井瞬变电磁观测系统[J].煤炭学报,2007,158(11):1152-1156.]
[26]Zheng Peng,Liu Zhenghao,Wei Yuke,et al.HT_c SQUIDlow frequency receiver and through-wall receiving experiments[J].Acta Physical Sinica,2014,63(19):408-416.[郑鹏,刘政豪,魏玉科,等.HT_c SQUID低频通信接收机和穿墙通信接收实验[J].物理学报,2014,63(19):408-416.]
[27]Kong J A.Electromagnetic Wave Theory[M].New York:Wiley Interscience,1990.
[28]Smith D R,Schurig D.Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors[J].Physical Review Letters,2003,90(7):1-4.
[29]Papas C H.Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation[M].New York:Dover Publications,2011.
[30]Xue Junping,Long Xia,Xi Zhenzhu,et al.Measured magnetotelluric field in 1~100 k Hz frequency band[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(6):2566-2571.[薛军平,龙霞,席振铢,等.实测1~100 k Hz大地电磁场分析[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(6):2566-2571.]
[31]Rappaport T S.Wireless Communications:Principles and Practice[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2001:541-602.
[32]Gao Ming,Ji Xiang,Liu Yu,et al.Application of Zig Bee technology in indoor localization[J].Xi’an:Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2010,30(1):9-12.[高明,吉祥,刘宇,等.Zig Bee技术在室内定位中的应用[J].西安:西安工业大学学报,2010,30(1):9-12.]
[2]Liu Dianzhong,Yang Shichun.Engineering Blasting Manual[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2003.[刘殿中,杨仕春.工程爆破实用手册[M].第2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.]
[3]Wang Xuguang.Typical Blasting Engineering and Technology of China[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2006.[汪旭光.中国典型爆破工程与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.]
[4]Fang Mingshan.Reasons of misfire in chamber blasting and its disposal[J].Blasting,2000,17(4):109-111.[方明山.一次硐室盲炮的原因分析及处理[J].爆破,2000,17(4):109-111.]
[5]Li Xiaohu,Jia Haibo,Xue Yanhe,et al.Survey and analysis of misfire accidents in Nannihu open pit bench blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(3):46-49.[李晓虎,贾海波,薛延河,等.南泥湖露天矿台阶爆破拒爆事故调查与分析[J].工程爆破,2013,19(3):46-49.]
[6]He Xiuying.Discussion of middle-sized hole blasting failure in Ekou iron ore mine[J].Mining Engineering,2008,6(6):36-37.[贺秀英.浅谈峨口铁矿中孔爆破拒爆[J].矿业工程,2008,6(6):36-37.]
[7]Chi En’an,Wen Yunfu.Misfiring reasons and firing reliability analysis in nonel initiating system[J].Blasting,2000,17(4):106-108.[池恩安,温运富.非电导爆管起爆系统拒爆原因及准爆技术分析[J].爆破,2000,17(4):106-108.]
[8]State Administration of Work Safety.Blastingsafety regulations:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.[中国安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB 6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.]
[9]Ren Yanmin,Chi En’an,Jiang Yunxing.Review on research ofmisfireinopendeep-holeblasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(5):49-53.[任艳民,池恩安,江云星.露天深孔爆破盲炮研究综述[J].工程爆破,2013,19(5):49-53.]
[10]Zhang Xiuyu,Zhang Yiping,Chi En’an,et al.The reason analysis and preventive measure of blind cannon in shallow covered tunnel blasting[J].Metal Mine,2012(1):33-35.[张修玉,张义平,池恩安,等.某浅埋隧洞爆破盲炮原因分析及预防措施[J].金属矿山,2012(1):33-35.]
[11]Pan Yuzhong,Chi En’an,Chen Bin,et al.Causes of blind shots during medium-length hole blasting in complex stratumanditspreventionmeasures[J].Metal Mine,2012(2):27-29.[潘玉忠,池恩安,陈斌,等.复杂地层中深孔爆破盲炮产生的原因及预防措施[J].金属矿山,2012(2):27-29.]
[12]Wang Qinghua,Jiang Xiaobo.The reason analysis and preventive measure of blind cannon in engineering blasting[J].Metal Mine,2009(1):177-178.[王清华,江小波.某工程盲炮原因分析及预防措施[J].金属矿山,2009(1):177-178.]
[13]Li Qiyue,Liu Gao,Huang Zhicheng,et al.Study on misfire identification by time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transform[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2011,31(2):1-4.[李启月,刘高,黄治成,等.基于小波变换的时-能密度法的盲炮识别研究[J].矿冶工程,2011,31(2):1-4.]
[14]Zhan Biwen,Zhang Guangquan,Tao Tiejun,et al.Research on the prevention of misfire in the blasting electric circuit based on FTA[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(4):57-60.[占必文,张光权,陶铁军,等.基于事故树分析的电爆网路盲炮预防研究[J].工程爆破,2013,19(4):57-60.]
[15]Yan Jinglong,Zhang Le.Method of misfire identification by monitoring vibration of the blasting with digital electronic detonator[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(1):74-77.[颜景龙,张乐.电子雷管爆破振动波分析识别盲炮的方法[J].工程爆破,2011,17(1):74-77.]
[16]Ewusi S.Misfires Identification in Tunnel Blasts[D].Exeter:University of Exeter,2013.
[17]Yuan Pu.Experimental Study on Zonal Disintegration in Deep Rock Mass Under Blasting Load[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2016.[袁璞.爆炸荷载作用下深部岩体分区破裂模型试验研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2016.]
[18]Arrowsmith S J,Arrowsmith M D,Hedlin M A H,et al.Discrimination of delay-fired mine blasts in wyoming using an automatic time-frequency discriminant[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,2006,96(6):2368-2382.
[19]Liu Liansheng,Xi Zhenzhu,Zheng Bingxu,et al.Key techniquesand equipment for rapid detection and identification misfire in soil-rock blasting[J].China Science and Technology Achievements,2015,11(2):39-41,45.[刘连生,席振铢,郑炳旭,等.土岩爆破盲炮快速检测与识别关键技术及装备[J].中国科技成果,2015,11(2):39-41,45.]
[20]Liu Liansheng,Liao Minmin,Zhou Zirong,et al.Study on detection and identification of misfire in chamber blasting byfrequencydivision multipleaccessmethod[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(6):84-90.[刘连生,廖敏敏,周子荣,等.频分多址法用于硐室盲炮检测与识别的试验[J].工程爆破,2015,21(6):84-90.]
[21]Liu Liansheng,Zhou Zirong,Liang Longhua,et al.Feasibility study on the transient electromangnetic coupling method in detection and identification of misfire in chamber blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(3):60-68.[刘连生,周子荣,梁龙华,等.瞬态电磁耦合法检测与识别硐室盲炮的可行性探讨[J].工程爆破,2015,21(3):60-68.]
[22]Liu Liansheng,Liang Longhua,Wu Jiyang,et al.Feasibility study of the transient electromagnetic method for chamber blasting misfire detection and recognition[J].Engineering Sciences,2014,16(11):107-112.[刘连生,梁龙华,吴吉洋,等.瞬变电磁法用于检测与识别硐室盲炮的可行性探讨[J].中国工程科学,2014,16(11):107-112.]
[23]Liu Liansheng,Qiu Jinming,Jiao Yongbin,et al.A feasibility study of the high precision magnetic method for chamber blasting misfire detection[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,19(5):19-22.[刘连生,邱金铭,焦永斌,等.高精度磁法用于硐室盲炮检测的可行性探讨[J].工程爆破,2013,19(5):19-22.]
[24]Liu Liansheng,Liu Jiangchao,Dong Guifa,et al.Experimental study on safety of electric detonator during process of identifying the misfire in chamber blasting by frequency division multiple access method[J].Gold Science and Technology,2016,24(5):73-79.[刘连生,刘江超,董贵法,等.频分多址检测法在硐室爆破盲炮识别过程中电雷管安全性试验研究[J].黄金科学技术,2016,24(5):73-79.]
[25]Jiang Zhihai,Yue Jianhua,Liu Shucai.Mine transient electromagnetic observation system of small multi-turn coincident configuration[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,158(11):1152-1156.[姜志海,岳建华,刘树才.多匝重叠小回线装置的矿井瞬变电磁观测系统[J].煤炭学报,2007,158(11):1152-1156.]
[26]Zheng Peng,Liu Zhenghao,Wei Yuke,et al.HT_c SQUIDlow frequency receiver and through-wall receiving experiments[J].Acta Physical Sinica,2014,63(19):408-416.[郑鹏,刘政豪,魏玉科,等.HT_c SQUID低频通信接收机和穿墙通信接收实验[J].物理学报,2014,63(19):408-416.]
[27]Kong J A.Electromagnetic Wave Theory[M].New York:Wiley Interscience,1990.
[28]Smith D R,Schurig D.Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors[J].Physical Review Letters,2003,90(7):1-4.
[29]Papas C H.Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation[M].New York:Dover Publications,2011.
[30]Xue Junping,Long Xia,Xi Zhenzhu,et al.Measured magnetotelluric field in 1~100 k Hz frequency band[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(6):2566-2571.[薛军平,龙霞,席振铢,等.实测1~100 k Hz大地电磁场分析[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(6):2566-2571.]
[31]Rappaport T S.Wireless Communications:Principles and Practice[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2001:541-602.
[32]Gao Ming,Ji Xiang,Liu Yu,et al.Application of Zig Bee technology in indoor localization[J].Xi’an:Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2010,30(1):9-12.[高明,吉祥,刘宇,等.Zig Bee技术在室内定位中的应用[J].西安:西安工业大学学报,2010,30(1):9-12.]