基于几何形态测量学的5种食物淀粉粒分析
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摘要
淀粉粒特征是食品鉴定和质量分析的重要依据,利用几何形态测量学方法对小麦、水稻、玉米、土豆和山药这5种主粮和经济作物进行淀粉粒形态分析,测得其形态分别为近圆形、多边形、多边形、椭圆形和椭圆形,平均粒径分别为(19. 90±7. 19)、(5. 08±1. 08)、(11. 40±3. 50)、(11. 94±8. 56)和(21. 86±3. 50)μm。水稻、玉米淀粉粒的轮廓曲线较为曲折,小麦、土豆和山药淀粉粒的较为平滑。小波分析结果显示,除水稻外其余4种食物的淀粉粒均在6～8个角步距尺度表现出显著周期变化。5种食物淀粉粒显示出不同类型的小波谱,分别具有3、5、2、4、3个完整谱值闭合区。主成分分析结果表明2个主成分累积方差为83. 07%,5种淀粉粒在主成分散点图中区分明显。基于以上结果构建出了食物淀粉粒形态鉴定的判别方程。几何形态测量方法可以为不同食物淀粉粒的判别提供定量化的鉴定依据,在食品质量检验方面具有一定的应用潜力。
The characteristics of starch granules are important for product identification and quality analysis. This study used geometrical morphometrics to analyze wheat,rice,corn,potato,and yam starch granules. The results showed that wheat starch granules had circular shapes with(19. 90 ± 7. 19) μm diameter. Both rice and corn starches had polygonal shapes,and their diameters were(5. 08 ± 1. 08) μm and(11. 40 ± 3. 50) μm,respectively. In addition,the shapes of potato and yam starch granules were elliptical and their diameters were(11. 94 ± 8. 56) μm and(21. 86 ± 3. 50) μm,respectively. The contour curves of rice and corn starch granules were tortuous while other starch granules were smoother. The wavelet analysis showed that except for rice starch granules,other granules all displayed significant periodic variations at 6-8 angular step scales. Moreover,the five food starches showed significantly different wavelet spectra and possessed 3,5,2,4,and 3 complete spectral value closures,respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance of the two main components was 83. 07%,and the five food starch granules clearly distinguished from each other,and a discriminant equation for food starch granule identification was established. In conclusion,geometric morphometrics offers quantitative identification to discriminate different food starch granules,and therefore it has application potential in food quality inspection.
The characteristics of starch granules are important for product identification and quality analysis. This study used geometrical morphometrics to analyze wheat,rice,corn,potato,and yam starch granules. The results showed that wheat starch granules had circular shapes with(19. 90 ± 7. 19) μm diameter. Both rice and corn starches had polygonal shapes,and their diameters were(5. 08 ± 1. 08) μm and(11. 40 ± 3. 50) μm,respectively. In addition,the shapes of potato and yam starch granules were elliptical and their diameters were(11. 94 ± 8. 56) μm and(21. 86 ± 3. 50) μm,respectively. The contour curves of rice and corn starch granules were tortuous while other starch granules were smoother. The wavelet analysis showed that except for rice starch granules,other granules all displayed significant periodic variations at 6-8 angular step scales. Moreover,the five food starches showed significantly different wavelet spectra and possessed 3,5,2,4,and 3 complete spectral value closures,respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance of the two main components was 83. 07%,and the five food starch granules clearly distinguished from each other,and a discriminant equation for food starch granule identification was established. In conclusion,geometric morphometrics offers quantitative identification to discriminate different food starch granules,and therefore it has application potential in food quality inspection.
引文
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[22]任广跃,刘亚男,刘航,等.响应面试验优化酶解辅助喷雾干燥制备怀山药粉工艺[J].食品科学,2016,37(6):1-6.
[23]SUKHIJA S,SINGH S,RIAR C S.Physical,Mechanical,morphological,and barrier properties of elephant foot yam starch,whey protein concentrate and psyllium husk based composite biodegradable films[J].Polymer Composites,2018,39(1):E407-E415.
[24]张帆,屈紫薇,罗静静,等.改性葛根淀粉涂膜对鲜切山药保鲜效果的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(6):182-186.
[25]LOMBARTE A,CHIC,PARISI-BARADAD V,et al.Aweb-based environment for shape analysis of fish otoliths.The AFORO database[J].Scientia Marina,2006,70(1):147-152.
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[27]CORTELLA A R,POCHETTINO M L.Starch grain analysis as a microscopic diagnostic feature in the identification of plant material[J].Economic Botany,1994,48(2):171-181.
[28]陈新军,方舟,苏杭,等.几何形态测量学在水生动物中的应用及其进展[J].水产学报,2013,37(12):1 873-1 885.
[2]李贵萧,牛凯,侯汉学,等.高压均质对绿豆淀粉机械力化学效应的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(5):99-105.
[3]赵欠,葛平珍,王丹,等.不同淀粉配料制备鲊海椒酸味形成及其酸味特性的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(10):134-141.
[4]扶雄,黄强.食用变性淀粉[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2016:1-26.
[5]BERTOLINI A.Starches:Characterization,Properties,and Applications[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2009:1-276.
[6]莫芳,徐晓萍,陶晓奇,等.高静压对木薯淀粉理化特性及结构的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(17):109-115.
[7]MOORE P D.Plant domestication:Getting to the roots of tubers[J].Nature,1998,395(6 700):330-331.
[8]孔爱群,伍时照,孔宪扬.中国主要食用淀粉粒形态[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1987:1-24.
[9]万智巍,李明启,李姮莹.小麦族植物淀粉粒形态研究[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1 020-1 027.
[10]HENRY A G,HUDSON H F,PIPERNO D R.Changes in starch grain morphologies from cooking[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2009,36(3):915-922.
[11]万智巍,杨晓燕,李明启,等.中国常见现代淀粉粒数据库[J].第四纪研究,2012,32(2):371-372.
[12]MERCADER J.Mozambican grass seed consumption during the middle stone age[J].Science,2009,326(5 960):1 680-1 683.
[13]万智巍,杨晓燕,葛全胜,等.基于淀粉粒分析的江西广丰社山头遗址植物资源利用情况[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):639-645.
[14]LIU L,MA S,CUI J.Identification of starch granules using a two-step identification method[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2014,52:421-427.
[15]BOOKSTEIN F L.Size and shape spaces for landmark data in two dimensions[J].Statistical Science,1986,1(2):181-222.
[16]ROHLF F J,SLICE D.Extensions of the procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks[J].Systematic Biology,1990,39(1):40-59.
[17]侯刚,王学锋,朱立新,等.基于几何形态测量学的4种金线鱼矢耳石识别研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):496-503.
[18]温光华,白义,周娟,等.基于几何形态测量学的五种稻蝗前后翅的形态变化研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(2):356-362.
[19]BOOKSTEIN F L.Biometrics,biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis[J].Bulletin of Mathematical Biology,1996,58(2):313-365.
[20]李春燕,张雯霞,张玉雪,等.小麦籽粒淀粉与面粉的理化特性差异[J].作物学报,2018,44(7):1 077-1 085.
[21]程东,洪雁,庞艳生,等.交联和羟丙基改性对蜡质玉米淀粉糊化和流变性质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(3):18-23.
[22]任广跃,刘亚男,刘航,等.响应面试验优化酶解辅助喷雾干燥制备怀山药粉工艺[J].食品科学,2016,37(6):1-6.
[23]SUKHIJA S,SINGH S,RIAR C S.Physical,Mechanical,morphological,and barrier properties of elephant foot yam starch,whey protein concentrate and psyllium husk based composite biodegradable films[J].Polymer Composites,2018,39(1):E407-E415.
[24]张帆,屈紫薇,罗静静,等.改性葛根淀粉涂膜对鲜切山药保鲜效果的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2016,42(6):182-186.
[25]LOMBARTE A,CHIC,PARISI-BARADAD V,et al.Aweb-based environment for shape analysis of fish otoliths.The AFORO database[J].Scientia Marina,2006,70(1):147-152.
[26]卢纹岱.SPSS统计分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010:1-712.
[27]CORTELLA A R,POCHETTINO M L.Starch grain analysis as a microscopic diagnostic feature in the identification of plant material[J].Economic Botany,1994,48(2):171-181.
[28]陈新军,方舟,苏杭,等.几何形态测量学在水生动物中的应用及其进展[J].水产学报,2013,37(12):1 873-1 885.