局部湿润模型模拟南疆滴灌枣园蒸散量及蒸腾量适用性研究
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摘要
为构建适用于模拟南疆滴灌成龄枣园蒸散及其组成成分的模型,了解枣园土壤蒸发特征,本研究在双源模型和局部湿润灌溉方式下稀疏植被蒸散估算模型基础之上构建滴灌枣园局部湿润模型,以涡度相关法实测2017年枣园蒸散数据,对双源模型(Shuttleworth-Wallace)及滴灌枣园局部湿润模型(PartialRoot-zoneIrrigationmodel)系数进行拟合;之后通过评价两种模型模拟值的可靠性以及增加和减少模型参数10%来观测模型各参数对蒸散的影响方式,并校验各模型参数计算公式的准确性;然后以涡度相关法与液流法实测的2018年枣园蒸散与蒸腾量为基准值,对双源模型与滴灌枣园局部湿润模型模拟2018年枣园蒸散及蒸腾量的可靠性进行评价,筛选出适合模拟南疆滴灌枣园蒸散及其组分的模型并模拟滴灌枣园土壤蒸发特征。结果表明:滴灌枣园局部湿润模型和双源模型的模型系数拟合准确;依据模型模拟评价标准,两种模型模拟2018年枣园蒸散的结果均为极好,且精度基本一致。滴灌枣园局部湿润模型模拟蒸腾量结果良好,与实际测定值之间的差值为15.73 mm;双源模型模拟蒸腾量结果不可取。因此筛选出滴灌枣园局部湿润模型模拟枣园土壤蒸发,枣园土壤蒸发量占蒸散量的19.74%。滴灌枣园局部湿润模型可以准确估算滴灌成龄枣园蒸散及蒸散组成成分。
Constructing a model suitable for simulating evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components of mature jujube orchard under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang and understanding their soil evaporation characteristics would be beneficial for growers. Based on the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and the evapotranspiration estimation model of sparse vegetation under local wet irrigation, a Partial Root-zone Irrigation model of drip irrigation for the jujube orchard was constructed. The evapotranspiration data were measured by eddy correlation methods in the jujube orchard in 2017, and the coefficients of the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model of drip irrigation for jujube orchard were fitted and evaluated; the effects of the model parameters on evapotranspiration were observed by increasing and decreasing the model parameters by 10%, and the accuracy of the formulas for calculating the parameters of each model was verified. Evapotranspiration was then measured using the eddy correlation method and transpiration was measured using the liquid flow method to obtain accurate values. The reliability of the two models used to simulate evapotranspiration and transpiration in jujube orchard in 2018 were evaluated. The models were suitable for calculating evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components in the drip irrigation jujube orchard of southern Xinjiang in 2018, as well as simulating the soil evaporation characteristics. Model coefficients of the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for the drip irrigation jujube orchard were accurately fitted according to the criteria for evaluating the simulation results of the model. The results of the two models for simulating evapotranspiration were excellent for the jujube orchard in 2018, and the accuracy of the two models were the same. The results of the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for drip irrigation jujube orchard were also good, with a difference of 15.73 mm between the model and actual measured value. It was not advisable to simulate transpiration by using the Shuttleworth-Wallace model. Therefore, the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for drip irrigation was selected to simulate soil evaporation in the jujube orchard, and the results showed that soil evaporation accounted for 19.74% of the evapotranspiration. Thus, the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for the drip irrigation jujube orchards can be used to accurately estimate the evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components of the orchards.
Constructing a model suitable for simulating evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components of mature jujube orchard under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang and understanding their soil evaporation characteristics would be beneficial for growers. Based on the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and the evapotranspiration estimation model of sparse vegetation under local wet irrigation, a Partial Root-zone Irrigation model of drip irrigation for the jujube orchard was constructed. The evapotranspiration data were measured by eddy correlation methods in the jujube orchard in 2017, and the coefficients of the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model of drip irrigation for jujube orchard were fitted and evaluated; the effects of the model parameters on evapotranspiration were observed by increasing and decreasing the model parameters by 10%, and the accuracy of the formulas for calculating the parameters of each model was verified. Evapotranspiration was then measured using the eddy correlation method and transpiration was measured using the liquid flow method to obtain accurate values. The reliability of the two models used to simulate evapotranspiration and transpiration in jujube orchard in 2018 were evaluated. The models were suitable for calculating evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components in the drip irrigation jujube orchard of southern Xinjiang in 2018, as well as simulating the soil evaporation characteristics. Model coefficients of the Shuttleworth-Wallace model and Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for the drip irrigation jujube orchard were accurately fitted according to the criteria for evaluating the simulation results of the model. The results of the two models for simulating evapotranspiration were excellent for the jujube orchard in 2018, and the accuracy of the two models were the same. The results of the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for drip irrigation jujube orchard were also good, with a difference of 15.73 mm between the model and actual measured value. It was not advisable to simulate transpiration by using the Shuttleworth-Wallace model. Therefore, the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for drip irrigation was selected to simulate soil evaporation in the jujube orchard, and the results showed that soil evaporation accounted for 19.74% of the evapotranspiration. Thus, the Partial Root-zone Irrigation model for the drip irrigation jujube orchards can be used to accurately estimate the evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration components of the orchards.
引文
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[2]张宝忠,许迪,刘钰,等.多尺度蒸散发估测与时空尺度拓展方法研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):8-16ZHANG B Z,XU D,LIU Y,et al.Review of multi-scale evapotranspiration estimation and spatio-temporal scale expansion[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):8-16
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[4]石小虎,蔡焕杰,赵丽丽,等.基于SIMDualKc模型估算非充分灌水条件下温室番茄蒸发蒸腾量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(22):131-138SHI X H,CAI H J,ZHAO L L,et al.Estimation of greenhouse tomato evapotranspiration under deficit irrigation based on SIMDualKc model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(22):131-138
[5]刘海军,黄冠华,TANNY J,等.用涡度相关法测定网室内香蕉树蒸散量[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(9):1-5LIU H J,HUANG G H,TANNY J,et al.Measurement of banana tree evapotranspiration in screen house using eddy covariance method[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(9):1-5
[6]MASSMAN W J,LEE X.Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2002,113(1):121-144
[7]王维真,徐自为,刘绍民,等.黑河流域不同下垫面水热通量特征分析[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(07):714-723WANG W Z,XU Z W,LIU S M,et al.The characteristics of heat and water vapor fluxes over different surfaces in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(7):714-723
[8]黄辉,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山地人工林蒸散的控制因子[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):667-673HUANG H,MENG P,ZHANG J S,et al.Stomatal and environmental control on evapotranspiration in a plantation in the lower mountain areas of North China[J].Aca Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):667-673
[9]杨凡,齐永青,张玉翠,等.大孔径闪烁仪与涡度相关系统对灌溉农田蒸散量的对比观测[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1067-1071YANG F,QI Y Q,ZHANG Y C,et al.Comparative advantages of large aperture Scintiilometer and Eddy Covariance instrument for measuring evapotranspiration in irrigated farmlands[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1067-1071
[10]屈艳萍,康绍忠,王素芬,等.液流-株间微型蒸渗仪法测定新疆杨蒸发蒸腾量适用性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):88-94QU Y P,KANG S Z,WANG S F,et al.Applicability analysis for measuring evapotranspiration of Populus alba var.by sap flow and micro-lysimeter method[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014,32(3):88-94
[11]VILLARREAL-GUERRERO F,KACIRA M,FITZ-RODRíGUEZE,et al.Comparison of three evapotranspiration models for a greenhouse cooling strategy with natural ventilation and variable high pressure fogging[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,134:210-221
[12]朱仲元,朝伦巴根,王志强,等.基于Shuttleworth-Wallace双源模型的天然杨树蒸散量日变化研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(5):582-590ZHU Z Y,CHAO L B G,WANG Z Q,et al.Study on diurnal variation of Populus evapotranspiration based on Shuttleworth-Wallace model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(5):582-590
[13]杨雨亭,尚松浩.双源蒸散发模型估算潜在蒸散发量的对比[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):85-91YANG Y T,SHANG S H.Comparison of dual-source evapotranspiration models in estimating potential evaporation and transpiration[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(24):85-91
[14]卫新东,刘守阳,陈滇豫,等.Shuttleworth-Wallace模型模拟陕北枣林蒸散适用性分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):142-151WEI X D,LIU S Y,CHEN D Y,et al.Applicability of Shuttleworth-Wallace model for evapotranspiration estimation of jujube forests in loess hilly-gully region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):142-151
[15]ZHANG B Z,KANG S Z,LI F S,et al.Comparison of three evapotranspiration models to Bowen ratio-energy balance method for a vineyard in an arid desert region of northwest China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(10):1629-1640
[16]张宝忠,康绍忠,刘钰.局部湿润灌溉方式下稀疏植被蒸散估算模型--以沟灌葡萄园为例[C]//现代节水高效农业与生态灌区建设.北京:中国农业工程学会,2010:11ZHANG B Z,KANG S Z,LIU Y.Estimation model for evapotranspiration of sparse vegetation under partial wetting irrigation:A case study of vineyard in furrow irrigation[C]//Proceedings of the Modern Water-Saving and Efficient Agriculture and Ecological Irrigation Area Construction.Beijing:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010:11
[17]WILSON K,GOLDSTEIN A,FALGE E,et al.Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113(1/4):223-243
[18]BRISSON N,ITIER B,L’HOTEL J C,et al.Parameterisation of the Shuttleworth-Wallace model to estimate daily maximum transpiration for use in crop models[J].Ecological Modelling,1998,107(2/3):159-169
[19]母艳梅,李俊,同小娟,等.基于Penman-Monteith模型和Shuttleworth-Wallace模型对太行山南麓人工林蒸散的模拟[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(11):35-44MU Y M,LI J,TONG X J,et al.Evapotranspiration simulated by Penman-Monteith and Shuttleworth-Wallace models over a mixed plantation in the southern foot of the Taihang Mountain,northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(11):35-44
[20]SHUTTLEWORTH W J,WALLACE J S.Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1985,111(469):839-855
[21]ZHOU M C,ISHIDAIRA H,HAPUARACHCHI H P,et al.Estimating potential evapotranspiration using Shuttleworth-Wallace model and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data to feed a distributed hydrological model over the Mekong River basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327(1/2):151-173
[22]JARVIS P G.The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series B,Biological Sciences,1976,273(927):593-610
[23]HARRIS P P,HUNTINGFORD C,COX P M,et al.Effect of soil moisture on canopy conductance of Amazonian rainforest[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,122(3/4):215-227
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