高速公路充电站电动汽车有序充电策略
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摘要
为了解决高速公路充电站电动汽车的无序充电问题,考虑充电站的运行状态和电动汽车用户的充电习惯,提出了一种基于新电价机制激励用户调整充电时间的有序充电策略。为了验证有序充电的有效性,建立了充电站排队模型,并根据相关数据通过蒙特卡罗方法和排队算法分别对746、480以及240辆纯电动汽车00∶00—24∶00在充电站中的充电情况进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:与无序充电相比,有序充电不仅可以减少用户的充电成本和等待时间,还可以提高充电站的充电设施利用率,减小对高速公路交通的影响。
In order to solve the disordered charging problem of EVs( Electric Vehicles) at charging station on highway,an ordered charging strategy based on the new electricity pricing mechanism,which can motivate the users to adjust their charging time,is proposed considering the operation state of charging station and the charging behavior of EV users. The queuing model of charging station is established to verify the effectiveness of the ordered charging strategy,and the charging behaviors of 746,480 and 240 battery EVs in the charging station from 00∶00 to 24∶00 are simulated respectively by Monte Carlo method and queuing algorithm according to related data. Simulative results show that compared with the disordered charging strategy,the ordered charging strategy can not only reduce the charging costs and waiting times of EV users,but also increase the utilization ratio of charging facilities in the charging station and reduce the influence on the highway traffic.
In order to solve the disordered charging problem of EVs( Electric Vehicles) at charging station on highway,an ordered charging strategy based on the new electricity pricing mechanism,which can motivate the users to adjust their charging time,is proposed considering the operation state of charging station and the charging behavior of EV users. The queuing model of charging station is established to verify the effectiveness of the ordered charging strategy,and the charging behaviors of 746,480 and 240 battery EVs in the charging station from 00∶00 to 24∶00 are simulated respectively by Monte Carlo method and queuing algorithm according to related data. Simulative results show that compared with the disordered charging strategy,the ordered charging strategy can not only reduce the charging costs and waiting times of EV users,but also increase the utilization ratio of charging facilities in the charging station and reduce the influence on the highway traffic.
引文
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[16]董晓红,穆云飞,于力,等.考虑配网潮流约束的高速公路快速充电站校正规划方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):124-131.DONG Xiaohong,MU Yunfei,YU Li,et al. Freeway FCS planning and correction considering power-flow constraints of distribution network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):124-131.
[17]VANBERKEL P T,LITVAK N,PUTERMAN M L,et al. Queuing network models for panel sizing in oncology[J]. Queueing Systems,2018,90(3):291-306.
[18]ZHANG H C,MOURA S J,HU Z C,et al. PEV fast-charging station siting and sizing on coupled transportation and power networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(4):2595-2605.
[19]TOM G,LUCEY S. A field study investigating the effect of waiting time on customer satisfaction[J]. The Journal of Psychology,1997,131(6):655-660.
[20]张新松,袁越,茅靖峰,等.基于蒙特卡洛模拟的电池储能系统容量优化配置[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(4):82-88.ZHANG Xinsong,YUAN Yue,MAO Jingfeng,et al. BESS capacity optimization based on Monte Carlo simulation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(4):82-88.
[2]刘宏斌.加油站建设标准[S].北京:中国石油天然气股份有限公司,2010.
[3]特斯拉.超级充电站[EB/OL].(2016-11-23)[2018-01-02].http:∥www.teslamotors.com/cn.
[4]张帝,姜久春,张维戈,等.基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2101-2107.ZHANG Di,JIANG Jiuchun,ZHANG Weige,et al. Economic operation of electric vehicle battery swapping station based on genetic algorithms[J]. Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2101-2107.
[5]李斌,刘畅,陈慧妙,等.基于混合整数规划的电动公交车快速充电站有序充电策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2623-2629.LI Bin,LIU Chang,CHEN Huimiao,et al. Coordinated charging of plug-in electric buses in fast charging stations based on mixedinteger programming[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2623-2629.
[6]ZHAO G,HUANG X,QIANG H. Coordinated control of PV generation and EVs charging based on improved DECell algorithm[J]. International Journal of Photoenergy,2015(4):1-13.
[7]路欣怡,刘念,陈征,等.电动汽车光伏充电站的多目标优化调度方法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):46-56.LU Xinyi,LIU Nian,CHEN Zheng,et al. Multi-objective optimal scheduling for PV-assisted charging station of electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):46-56.
[8]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.基于动态分时电价的电动汽车充电站有序充电策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3638-3646.XU Zhiwei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al. Coordinated charging strategy for PEV charging stations based on dynamic time-of-use tariffs[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3639-3646.
[9]张良,严正,冯冬涵,等.采用两阶段优化模型的电动汽车充电站内有序充电策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(4):967-973.ZHANG Liang,YAN Zheng,FENG Donghan,et al. Two-stage optimization model based coordinated charging for EV charging station[J]. Power System Technology,2014,38(4):967-973.
[10]苏舒,孙近文,林湘宁,等.电动汽车智能充电导航[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(增刊1):59-67.SU Shu,SUN Jinwen,LIN Xiangning,et al. Electric vehicle smart charging navigation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(Supplement 1):59-67.
[11]SU S,ZHAO H,ZHANG H,et al. An elastic charging service feebased load guiding strategy for fast charging stations[J]. Energies,2017,10(5):672-691.
[12]LI Z,OUYANG M G. The pricing of charging for electric vehicles in China:dilemma and solution[J]. Energy,2011,36(9):5765-5778.
[13]李瑞生,王晓雷,周逢权,等.灵巧潮流控制的电动汽车智能化充电站[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(21):87-90.LI Ruisheng,WANG Xiaolei,ZHOU Fengquan,et al. The system of electric vehicle intelligence charge station with smart power flow control[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(21):87-90.
[14] GALUS M D,ANDERSSON G. Demand management of grid connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles(PHEV)[C]∥2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference. Atlanta,GA,USA:IEEE,2008:1-8.
[15]葛少云,冯亮,刘洪,等.考虑电量分布及行驶里程的高速公路充电站规划[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(7):111-116.GE Shaoyun,FENG Liang,LIU Hong,et al. Planning of charging stations on highway considering power distribution and driving mileage[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(7):111-116.
[16]董晓红,穆云飞,于力,等.考虑配网潮流约束的高速公路快速充电站校正规划方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):124-131.DONG Xiaohong,MU Yunfei,YU Li,et al. Freeway FCS planning and correction considering power-flow constraints of distribution network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):124-131.
[17]VANBERKEL P T,LITVAK N,PUTERMAN M L,et al. Queuing network models for panel sizing in oncology[J]. Queueing Systems,2018,90(3):291-306.
[18]ZHANG H C,MOURA S J,HU Z C,et al. PEV fast-charging station siting and sizing on coupled transportation and power networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(4):2595-2605.
[19]TOM G,LUCEY S. A field study investigating the effect of waiting time on customer satisfaction[J]. The Journal of Psychology,1997,131(6):655-660.
[20]张新松,袁越,茅靖峰,等.基于蒙特卡洛模拟的电池储能系统容量优化配置[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(4):82-88.ZHANG Xinsong,YUAN Yue,MAO Jingfeng,et al. BESS capacity optimization based on Monte Carlo simulation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(4):82-88.