卫星双向时间传递链路校准及其不确定度分析
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摘要
卫星双向时间传递(TWSTFT)和GPS精密单点定位(GPS PPP)是目前全球守时实验室参与协调世界时(UTC)计算的主要时间比对技术,校准不确定度是当前限制高精度时间比对的关键因素。利用国际权度局(BIPM)的GPS移动校准站对中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)的TWSTFT链路进行校准测量。首先通过BIPM在NTSC的GPS移动校准站与德国物理技术研究院(PTB)建立GPS PPP时间比对链路,然后利用7 d的观测数据与NTSC-PTB链路的卫星双向时间传递结果进行比对,实现了对TWSTFT链路的校准。结果表明,TWSTFT链路的校准不确定度从校准前的5 ns减小到了1.5 ns,明显改善了UTC-UTC(NTSC)的不确定度。
Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer(TWSTFT) and GPS precise point positioning(GPS PPP) are the main time comparison techniques for global timekeeping laboratories to participate in UTC calculations currently. Calibration uncertainty is the key factor that limits the high accuracy time comparisons at present. In this paper, the GPS travelling calibrator of the Bureau international des poids et mesures(BIPM) is used to perform the calibration measurement of the TWSTFT link of the National Time Service Center(NTSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Firstly, a GPS PPP time comparison link was established between the GPS travelling calibrator placed at the NTSC and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt(PTB), then the 7-day observation data were compared with the results of TWSTFT of NTSC-PTB link, and the calibration of the TWSTFT link was achieved. The results show that the calibration uncertainty of the TWSTFT link is decreased from 5 ns(before calibration) to 1.5 ns, which significantly improves the uncertainty of UTC-UTC(NTSC).
Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer(TWSTFT) and GPS precise point positioning(GPS PPP) are the main time comparison techniques for global timekeeping laboratories to participate in UTC calculations currently. Calibration uncertainty is the key factor that limits the high accuracy time comparisons at present. In this paper, the GPS travelling calibrator of the Bureau international des poids et mesures(BIPM) is used to perform the calibration measurement of the TWSTFT link of the National Time Service Center(NTSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Firstly, a GPS PPP time comparison link was established between the GPS travelling calibrator placed at the NTSC and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt(PTB), then the 7-day observation data were compared with the results of TWSTFT of NTSC-PTB link, and the calibration of the TWSTFT link was achieved. The results show that the calibration uncertainty of the TWSTFT link is decreased from 5 ns(before calibration) to 1.5 ns, which significantly improves the uncertainty of UTC-UTC(NTSC).
引文
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[14] 段荣,赵修斌,庞春雷,等. 一种基于TurboEdit改进的GPS周跳探测与修复方法[J].仪器仪表学报, 2015,36(11):2487- 2494.DUAN R, ZHAO X B, PANG CH L, et al. Improved cycle slip detection and repair method for GPS receiver based on TurboEdit algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015,36(11):2487- 2494.
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[17] JIANG Z. Link calibration or receiver calibration for accurate time transfer[C]. European Frequency and Time Forum & IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium,2015:230- 235.
[18] 陈浩,华灯鑫,张毅坤,等.基于三次样条函数的激光雷达数据可视化插值法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013, 34(4):831- 837.CHEN H, HUA D X, ZHANG Y K, et al. Interpolation method for lidar data visualization based on cubic spline function[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013,34(4):831- 837.
[19] ROVERA G D, TORRE J, SHERWOOD R, et al. Link calibration against receiver calibration: an assessment of GPS time transfer uncertainties[J]. Metrologia, 2014, 51(5):476- 490.
[20] 朱江淼,王世镖,缪京元,等. 宽带取样示波器时基漂移的不确定度研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报,2018, 32(3):184-188.ZHU J M, WANG SH B, MIAO J Y, et al. Study on uncertainty of time-base drift for broadband sampling oscilloscope[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018,32(3):184-188.
[21] 魏明明,金锐,闻春华,等. 温湿度传感器校准结果的不确定度分析与评定[J]. 电子测量技术,2018,41(8):35- 41.WEI M M, JIN R, WEN CH H, et al. Uncertainty analysis and evaluation of calibration results of temperature and humidity sensor[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,41(8):35- 41.
[22] 杨正桃. CS114电缆束注入传导敏感度测量不确定度评定[J]. 国外电子测量技术,2018,37(6):1- 6.YANG ZH T. Evaluation of measurement uncertainty for CS114 conducted susceptibility bulk cable injection[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018, 37(6):1- 6.
[2] 武文俊, 张虹, 广伟,等. 利用AM22进行国际卫星双向时间频率传递[J]. 时间频率学报, 2017, 40(3): 155-160.WU W J, ZHANG H, GUANG W, et al. The two-way satellite time and frequency transfer by AM22[J]. Journal of Time and Frequency, 2017, 40(3):155-160.
[3] JIANG Z, LEWANDOWSKI W. An approach to the uncertainty estimation of [UTC-UTC(k)][C]. ION Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting,2014:79- 85.
[4] JIANG Z, PETIT G, TISSERAND L, et al. Progress in the link calibration for UTC time transfer[C]. European Frequency and Time Forum & IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 2014:861- 864.
[5] JIANG Z, TISSERAND L. Stability of the BIPM GNSS travelling calibrator[C]. European Frequency and Time Forum(EFTF), 2015:109-112.
[6] 史琛, 刘娅, 王国永,等. 基于双移动校准站的远距离卫星双向时间比对精度分析[J]. 时间频率学报, 2016,39(2):87-94.SHI CH, LIU Y, WANG G Y, et al. Precision analysis of remote two-way satellite time and frequency transfer based on double movable calibration station[J]. Journal of Time and Frequency, 2016, 39(2):87-94.
[7] 陈瑞琼, 刘娅, 杨莹,等. 基于不同共视周期的标准时间远程复现分析[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018,39(5):33-39.CHEN R Q, LIU Y, YANG Y, et al. Analysis of national time remote reappearance based on different common view periods[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39(5):33-39.
[8] 梅丽,苏彦,周建锋.极低频射电天文观测现状与未来发展[J].天文研究与技术,2018,15(2):127-139.MEI L, SU Y, ZHOU J F. The history and development of the low-frequency radio observation[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2018,15(2):127-139.
[9] 蔡昌盛. GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位理论与方法[D]. 徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.CAI CH SH. Theory and method of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology,2008.
[10] 广伟. GPS PPP时间传递技术研究[D]. 西安:中国科学院研究生院(国家授时中心), 2012.GUANG W. Study on time transfer technology using GPS precise point positioning method[D]. Xi′an: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (National Time Service Center), 2012.
[11] 张鹏飞, 涂锐, 高玉平,等. 基于北斗的时间传递方法及其精度分析[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017,38(11): 2700- 2706.ZHANG P F, TU R, GAO Y P, et al. Beidou time transfer method and its accuracy analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(11):2700- 2706.
[12] 张继海, 广伟, 袁海波,等. 北斗测距信号评估与精密单点定位应用研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2017,38(11): 2707- 2714.ZHANG J H, GUANG W, YUAN H B, et al. Study on range signal evaluation and precise point positioning application of Beidou navigation satellite system(BD-S)[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017,38(11): 2707- 2714.
[13] YAO J, SKAKUN I, JIANG Z, et al. A detailed comparison of two continuous GPS carrier-phase time transfer techniques[J]. Metrologia, 2015, 52(5):666- 676.
[14] 段荣,赵修斌,庞春雷,等. 一种基于TurboEdit改进的GPS周跳探测与修复方法[J].仪器仪表学报, 2015,36(11):2487- 2494.DUAN R, ZHAO X B, PANG CH L, et al. Improved cycle slip detection and repair method for GPS receiver based on TurboEdit algorithm[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015,36(11):2487- 2494.
[15] JIANG Z, CZUBLA A, NAWROCKI J, et al. Comparing a GPS time link calibration with an optical fibre self-calibration with 200 ps accuracy[J]. Metrologia, 2015, 52(2):384-391.
[16] FELDMANN T, BAUCH A, PIESTER D, et al. Advanced GPS-based time link calibration with PTB′s new GPS calibration setup[C]. Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting(PTTI), 2010:509- 526.
[17] JIANG Z. Link calibration or receiver calibration for accurate time transfer[C]. European Frequency and Time Forum & IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium,2015:230- 235.
[18] 陈浩,华灯鑫,张毅坤,等.基于三次样条函数的激光雷达数据可视化插值法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013, 34(4):831- 837.CHEN H, HUA D X, ZHANG Y K, et al. Interpolation method for lidar data visualization based on cubic spline function[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013,34(4):831- 837.
[19] ROVERA G D, TORRE J, SHERWOOD R, et al. Link calibration against receiver calibration: an assessment of GPS time transfer uncertainties[J]. Metrologia, 2014, 51(5):476- 490.
[20] 朱江淼,王世镖,缪京元,等. 宽带取样示波器时基漂移的不确定度研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报,2018, 32(3):184-188.ZHU J M, WANG SH B, MIAO J Y, et al. Study on uncertainty of time-base drift for broadband sampling oscilloscope[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018,32(3):184-188.
[21] 魏明明,金锐,闻春华,等. 温湿度传感器校准结果的不确定度分析与评定[J]. 电子测量技术,2018,41(8):35- 41.WEI M M, JIN R, WEN CH H, et al. Uncertainty analysis and evaluation of calibration results of temperature and humidity sensor[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,41(8):35- 41.
[22] 杨正桃. CS114电缆束注入传导敏感度测量不确定度评定[J]. 国外电子测量技术,2018,37(6):1- 6.YANG ZH T. Evaluation of measurement uncertainty for CS114 conducted susceptibility bulk cable injection[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018, 37(6):1- 6.