改善人类锌营养途径的研究进展
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摘要
本文分析了人类锌营养补充途径的现状,并以农艺措施实现富锌的大宗农产品稻米为代表,重点阐述了通过农艺措施生产富锌稻米的方法及特点。同时,提出了该领域未来的研究应该重点集中在富锌农产品和食品标准制定、高附加值产品的研究与开发,以及富锌农产品和食品质量、安全控制体系建设等方面。这对推动富矿物质农产品和食品产业的健康发展具有重要意义。
Zinc(Zn) is an essential micronutrient for human body, and zinc deficiency has become a widely spread micronutrient malnutrition problem for human beings. There are some traditional methods for zinc supplying, e.g. taking nutritional supplements, adjusting diet structure and adding zinc in food. However,these traditional methods have their own limitations. Biofortification of zinc in food, as a new method for zinc supplementation, has become a hotspot in this field. Rice, a second predominant staple food, has been widely used for zinc biofortification. In this paper, traditional zinc supplementation and biofortification of zinc in rice are summarized and discussed. Through improving agronomic management, in particular increasing micronutrient fertilizer application to improve the zinc content in the plant is considered to be an effective way to improve human zinc nutrition. This paper analyzed the present situation of human zinc supplementation approach,and elaborated the characteristics of agronomic measures to realize zinc enrichment in agricultural commodities rice. In the future, the related research should be focused on the establishment of relevant standards and the development of applied products. It should be studied in a much more systematic way, and promote the development of micronutrient rich agricultural products and food industry in a healthy way.
Zinc(Zn) is an essential micronutrient for human body, and zinc deficiency has become a widely spread micronutrient malnutrition problem for human beings. There are some traditional methods for zinc supplying, e.g. taking nutritional supplements, adjusting diet structure and adding zinc in food. However,these traditional methods have their own limitations. Biofortification of zinc in food, as a new method for zinc supplementation, has become a hotspot in this field. Rice, a second predominant staple food, has been widely used for zinc biofortification. In this paper, traditional zinc supplementation and biofortification of zinc in rice are summarized and discussed. Through improving agronomic management, in particular increasing micronutrient fertilizer application to improve the zinc content in the plant is considered to be an effective way to improve human zinc nutrition. This paper analyzed the present situation of human zinc supplementation approach,and elaborated the characteristics of agronomic measures to realize zinc enrichment in agricultural commodities rice. In the future, the related research should be focused on the establishment of relevant standards and the development of applied products. It should be studied in a much more systematic way, and promote the development of micronutrient rich agricultural products and food industry in a healthy way.
引文
[1]Hess SY,Lonnerdal B,Hotz C,et al.Recent advances in knowledge of zinc nutrition and human health[J].Food Nutr Bull,2009,(1)30:5S 11S(7).
[2]Heyat F,Ali PN,Golkhoo S,et al.Effect of zinc supplement on strength and serum lipid profile on active women[J].British J Sports Med,2010,44:138.
[3]高凌,崔彦红.对锌营养与人体健康的新认知[J].国外医学:卫生学分册,2009,36(5):299-301.Gao L,Cui YH.The new cognition of zinc nutrition and human health[J].Foreign Med Sci(Section Hygiene),2009,36(5):299-301.
[4]王志宏,翟凤英,何宇纳,等.中国居民膳食锌元素的摄入状况及变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2006,35(4):485-486.Wang ZH,Cui FY,He YN,et al.Status and variation tendencyof Zinc dietary intakes of Chinese resident[J].J Hyg Res,2006,35(4):485-486.
[5]李晓红,王俊杰,张扬,等.1795例儿童微量元素结果及相关性分析[J].中国实用医药,2007,2(5):101-102.Li XH,Wang JJ,Zhang Y,et al.The results and its correlation analysis of children’s trace element from 1795-cases[J].China Pract Med,2007,2(5):101-102.
[6]梁敏,边俊梅.0-6岁儿童微量元素含量分析[J].中国社区医师.2013,(1):256.Liang M,Bian JM.The trace elements analysis of the children aged 0-to 6[J].Chin Commun Doctors,2013,(1):256.
[7]卫生部,科学技术部,中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国居民营养与健康现状[R].2004.Ministry of health,Ministry of Science and Technology,The national bureau of statistics of the People's Republic of China.Nutrition and health status of Chinese people[R].2004.
[8]封志明,史登峰.近20年来中国食物消费变化与膳食营养状况评价[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):2-8.Feng ZM,Shi DF.Chinese Food Consumption and Nourishment in the Latest 20-Years[J].Res Sci,2006,28(1):2-8.
[9]Rangan AM,Samman S.Zinc intake and its dietary sources:Results of the 2007-Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey[J].Nutrients,2012,(4):611-624.
[10]周张章,赵国华,周才琼,等.铁强化剂的研究应用现状[J].中国食品添加剂,2005(01):95-98.Zhou ZZ,Zhao GH,Zhou CQ,et al.Investigating and utilizing status of iron fortifyer[J].China Food Addit,2005(01):95-98.
[11]高彦祥.食品添加剂[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.Gao YX.Food additive[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2011.
[12]李景明,马丽艳,温鹏飞.食品营养强化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.Li JM,Ma LY,Wen PF.Food nutrition reinforcement technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[13]李天真.人体微量元素锌的营养研究[J].湖州职业技术学院学报,2003,1(2):72-76.Li TZ.Researching of Zn’s Nutrition in the Human Body’s Microelement[J].J Huzhou Vocational Technol Coll,2003,1(2):72-76.
[14]王涛,吕昌河.基于合理膳食结构的人均食物需求量估算[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):273-277.Wang T,Lv CH.Estimation of food grain demand per capita based on rational dietary pattern[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Eng,2012,28(5):273-277.
[15]何志谦,孙远明.食品营养学[M].第2版.中国农业大学,2010.He ZQ,Sun YM.Food Nutrition[M].Second edition.China Agricultural University,2010.
[16]李雪梅,董振军,李书国,等.我国营养强化面粉研究发展现状及对策[J].食品科学,2005,26(Z1):102-105.Li XM,Dong ZJ,Li SG,et al.Study on the Status and Key Technology of Nutritional Fortification of Wheat Flour in China[J].Food Sci,2005,26(Z1):102-105.
[17]周希华,杨文甫,姜国华.营养强化食品改善公众营养的紧迫性与发展对策[J].中国食物与营养,2007,(12):57-59.Zhou XH,Yang WP,Jiang GH.The urgency and development countermeasures of the fortified foods to improve public nutrition[J].Food Nutr in China,2007,(12):57-59.
[18]GB 2760-2011-Food safety standards Standards of using food additives[S].
[19]张永鑫,王人民,孙晓梅,等.富锌水稻——改善人类锌营养的新途径[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(4):120-123.Zhang YX,Wang RM,Sun XM,et al.Zinc-dense Rice—a New Approach to Improve Human Zinc Nutrition[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2005,21(4):120-123.
[20]高兴娟,李卫平.矿物质营养强化剂应用技术问题的探讨[J].食品工业科技,2008,29(8):264-267.Gao XJ,Li WP.Discussion of application technical of minerals nutrition fortifier[J].Sci Technol Food Ind,2008,29(8):264-267.
[21]李天真,周惠明.浸吸法生产锌强化营养米工艺的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2005,20(4):2-4.Li TZ,Zhou HM.Technology of Producing Zn Enriched Rice by Soak Method[J].Chin Cereals Oils Assoc,2005,20(4):2-4.
[22]张瑾瑾,李庆龙,王学东,等.喷涂法生产营养强化米的实验室研究[J].西部粮油科技,2007,32(1):29-31.Zhang JJ,Li QL,Wang XD,et al.Laboratory Study on Producing Nutrient Strengthening Rice with Spurting Spread[J].Grain Proces,2007,32(1):29-31.
[23]丁晨芳.国外强化食品发展及对我国的启示[J].中国食物与营养,2005,(11):51-54.Ding CF.The development of foreign fortified food and its inspiration for me[J].Food and Nutr In China,2005,(11):51-54.
[24]安红周,刘菊芬,张海晖.维生素B1、维生素B2营养米的挤压强化法制备与品质分析[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(7):145-148,162.An HZ,Liu JF,Zhang HH.Manufacture Method of Fortified Vitamin B1-and Vitamin B2-Rice Using Extrusion Technology and Edible Qualities Analysis[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Mach,2012,43(7):145-148,162.
[25]李天真.强化工艺条件对锌强化营养米蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):222-225.Li TZ.Effects of technological parameters of Zn enrichment on eating-and-cooking quality of rice[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Eng,2007,23(7):222-225.
[26]霍军生,孙静,黄建,等.中国大米强化的技术现状及发展可行性[J].卫生研究,2008,37(12):45-48.Zhai JS,Sun J,Huang J,et al.Technology of rice fortification and its feasibility in China[J].J Hyg Res,2008,37(12):45-48.
[27]陈历程,张勇.微量元素硒的研究现状及其食品强化[J].食品科学,2002,23(10):134-137.Chen LC,Zhang Y.Status of Selenium Research and Selenium-Fortified Food[J].Food Sci,2002,23(10):134-137.
[28]江湖,付金衡,苏虎,等.富硒发芽糙米生产工艺的优化[J].食品科学,2010,04(31):90-94.Jiang H,Fu JH,Su H,et al.Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Germination of Selenium-enriched Brown Rice[J].Food Sci,2010,04(31):90-94.
[29]Lucca P.Approaches to improving the bioavailability and level of iron in rice seeds[J].J Sci Food Agr,2001,81(9):828-834.
[30]魏孝荣,郝明德,田梅霞.长期定位施锌土壤-作物系统锌分布特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):96-98.Wei XR,Hao MD,Tian MX.Distribution of zinc in soil-crop system after long-term located application of zinc fertilizer[J].Chin J Eco-Agric,2005,13(2):96-98.
[31]Ozturk L,Yazici MA,Yucel C,et al.Concentration and localization of zinc during seed development and germination in wheat[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2006,128:l44-152.
[32]杨树明,曾亚文,杜娟,等.云南水稻土中主要矿质元素对水稻籽粒矿质元素积累的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(6):583-587.Yang SM,Zeng YW,Du J,et al.Effects of main mineral element accumulation in the paddy soil in Yunnan province on rice grain[J].J Hunan Agric Univ(Natural Sciences),2009,35(6):583-587.
[33]文玉能.低产冷浸田水稻施锌肥的效果分析[J].农技服务,2008,25(7):40.Wen YX.Effect analysis of zinc fertilizer on rice grown of the low-yield cold waterlogged paddy field[J].Serves Agric Technol,2008,25(7):40.
[34]宋科,姚政,徐四新,等.锌肥对崇明水稻的增产效果研究[J].上海农业学报,2011,27(2):63-66.Song K,Yao Z,Xu SX,et al.Study on the effect of zinc fertilizer on rice yield in Chongming county[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2011,27(2):63-66.
[35]Chen L,Yang F,Xu J,et al.Determination of selenium concentration of rice in China and the effect of fertilization of selenate and selenate on selenium content of rice[J].J Agr Food Chem,2002,50:5128-5130.
[36]李志刚,叶正钱,方云英,等.供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累和分配的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2003,17(1):61-66.Li ZG,Ye ZQ,Fang YY,et al.Zinc level impact on rice growth and zn accumulation and distribution[J].Chin J Rice Sci,2003,17(1):61-66.
[2]Heyat F,Ali PN,Golkhoo S,et al.Effect of zinc supplement on strength and serum lipid profile on active women[J].British J Sports Med,2010,44:138.
[3]高凌,崔彦红.对锌营养与人体健康的新认知[J].国外医学:卫生学分册,2009,36(5):299-301.Gao L,Cui YH.The new cognition of zinc nutrition and human health[J].Foreign Med Sci(Section Hygiene),2009,36(5):299-301.
[4]王志宏,翟凤英,何宇纳,等.中国居民膳食锌元素的摄入状况及变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2006,35(4):485-486.Wang ZH,Cui FY,He YN,et al.Status and variation tendencyof Zinc dietary intakes of Chinese resident[J].J Hyg Res,2006,35(4):485-486.
[5]李晓红,王俊杰,张扬,等.1795例儿童微量元素结果及相关性分析[J].中国实用医药,2007,2(5):101-102.Li XH,Wang JJ,Zhang Y,et al.The results and its correlation analysis of children’s trace element from 1795-cases[J].China Pract Med,2007,2(5):101-102.
[6]梁敏,边俊梅.0-6岁儿童微量元素含量分析[J].中国社区医师.2013,(1):256.Liang M,Bian JM.The trace elements analysis of the children aged 0-to 6[J].Chin Commun Doctors,2013,(1):256.
[7]卫生部,科学技术部,中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国居民营养与健康现状[R].2004.Ministry of health,Ministry of Science and Technology,The national bureau of statistics of the People's Republic of China.Nutrition and health status of Chinese people[R].2004.
[8]封志明,史登峰.近20年来中国食物消费变化与膳食营养状况评价[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):2-8.Feng ZM,Shi DF.Chinese Food Consumption and Nourishment in the Latest 20-Years[J].Res Sci,2006,28(1):2-8.
[9]Rangan AM,Samman S.Zinc intake and its dietary sources:Results of the 2007-Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey[J].Nutrients,2012,(4):611-624.
[10]周张章,赵国华,周才琼,等.铁强化剂的研究应用现状[J].中国食品添加剂,2005(01):95-98.Zhou ZZ,Zhao GH,Zhou CQ,et al.Investigating and utilizing status of iron fortifyer[J].China Food Addit,2005(01):95-98.
[11]高彦祥.食品添加剂[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.Gao YX.Food additive[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,2011.
[12]李景明,马丽艳,温鹏飞.食品营养强化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.Li JM,Ma LY,Wen PF.Food nutrition reinforcement technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[13]李天真.人体微量元素锌的营养研究[J].湖州职业技术学院学报,2003,1(2):72-76.Li TZ.Researching of Zn’s Nutrition in the Human Body’s Microelement[J].J Huzhou Vocational Technol Coll,2003,1(2):72-76.
[14]王涛,吕昌河.基于合理膳食结构的人均食物需求量估算[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):273-277.Wang T,Lv CH.Estimation of food grain demand per capita based on rational dietary pattern[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Eng,2012,28(5):273-277.
[15]何志谦,孙远明.食品营养学[M].第2版.中国农业大学,2010.He ZQ,Sun YM.Food Nutrition[M].Second edition.China Agricultural University,2010.
[16]李雪梅,董振军,李书国,等.我国营养强化面粉研究发展现状及对策[J].食品科学,2005,26(Z1):102-105.Li XM,Dong ZJ,Li SG,et al.Study on the Status and Key Technology of Nutritional Fortification of Wheat Flour in China[J].Food Sci,2005,26(Z1):102-105.
[17]周希华,杨文甫,姜国华.营养强化食品改善公众营养的紧迫性与发展对策[J].中国食物与营养,2007,(12):57-59.Zhou XH,Yang WP,Jiang GH.The urgency and development countermeasures of the fortified foods to improve public nutrition[J].Food Nutr in China,2007,(12):57-59.
[18]GB 2760-2011-Food safety standards Standards of using food additives[S].
[19]张永鑫,王人民,孙晓梅,等.富锌水稻——改善人类锌营养的新途径[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(4):120-123.Zhang YX,Wang RM,Sun XM,et al.Zinc-dense Rice—a New Approach to Improve Human Zinc Nutrition[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2005,21(4):120-123.
[20]高兴娟,李卫平.矿物质营养强化剂应用技术问题的探讨[J].食品工业科技,2008,29(8):264-267.Gao XJ,Li WP.Discussion of application technical of minerals nutrition fortifier[J].Sci Technol Food Ind,2008,29(8):264-267.
[21]李天真,周惠明.浸吸法生产锌强化营养米工艺的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2005,20(4):2-4.Li TZ,Zhou HM.Technology of Producing Zn Enriched Rice by Soak Method[J].Chin Cereals Oils Assoc,2005,20(4):2-4.
[22]张瑾瑾,李庆龙,王学东,等.喷涂法生产营养强化米的实验室研究[J].西部粮油科技,2007,32(1):29-31.Zhang JJ,Li QL,Wang XD,et al.Laboratory Study on Producing Nutrient Strengthening Rice with Spurting Spread[J].Grain Proces,2007,32(1):29-31.
[23]丁晨芳.国外强化食品发展及对我国的启示[J].中国食物与营养,2005,(11):51-54.Ding CF.The development of foreign fortified food and its inspiration for me[J].Food and Nutr In China,2005,(11):51-54.
[24]安红周,刘菊芬,张海晖.维生素B1、维生素B2营养米的挤压强化法制备与品质分析[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(7):145-148,162.An HZ,Liu JF,Zhang HH.Manufacture Method of Fortified Vitamin B1-and Vitamin B2-Rice Using Extrusion Technology and Edible Qualities Analysis[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Mach,2012,43(7):145-148,162.
[25]李天真.强化工艺条件对锌强化营养米蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):222-225.Li TZ.Effects of technological parameters of Zn enrichment on eating-and-cooking quality of rice[J].Trans Chin Society Agric Eng,2007,23(7):222-225.
[26]霍军生,孙静,黄建,等.中国大米强化的技术现状及发展可行性[J].卫生研究,2008,37(12):45-48.Zhai JS,Sun J,Huang J,et al.Technology of rice fortification and its feasibility in China[J].J Hyg Res,2008,37(12):45-48.
[27]陈历程,张勇.微量元素硒的研究现状及其食品强化[J].食品科学,2002,23(10):134-137.Chen LC,Zhang Y.Status of Selenium Research and Selenium-Fortified Food[J].Food Sci,2002,23(10):134-137.
[28]江湖,付金衡,苏虎,等.富硒发芽糙米生产工艺的优化[J].食品科学,2010,04(31):90-94.Jiang H,Fu JH,Su H,et al.Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Germination of Selenium-enriched Brown Rice[J].Food Sci,2010,04(31):90-94.
[29]Lucca P.Approaches to improving the bioavailability and level of iron in rice seeds[J].J Sci Food Agr,2001,81(9):828-834.
[30]魏孝荣,郝明德,田梅霞.长期定位施锌土壤-作物系统锌分布特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):96-98.Wei XR,Hao MD,Tian MX.Distribution of zinc in soil-crop system after long-term located application of zinc fertilizer[J].Chin J Eco-Agric,2005,13(2):96-98.
[31]Ozturk L,Yazici MA,Yucel C,et al.Concentration and localization of zinc during seed development and germination in wheat[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2006,128:l44-152.
[32]杨树明,曾亚文,杜娟,等.云南水稻土中主要矿质元素对水稻籽粒矿质元素积累的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(6):583-587.Yang SM,Zeng YW,Du J,et al.Effects of main mineral element accumulation in the paddy soil in Yunnan province on rice grain[J].J Hunan Agric Univ(Natural Sciences),2009,35(6):583-587.
[33]文玉能.低产冷浸田水稻施锌肥的效果分析[J].农技服务,2008,25(7):40.Wen YX.Effect analysis of zinc fertilizer on rice grown of the low-yield cold waterlogged paddy field[J].Serves Agric Technol,2008,25(7):40.
[34]宋科,姚政,徐四新,等.锌肥对崇明水稻的增产效果研究[J].上海农业学报,2011,27(2):63-66.Song K,Yao Z,Xu SX,et al.Study on the effect of zinc fertilizer on rice yield in Chongming county[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2011,27(2):63-66.
[35]Chen L,Yang F,Xu J,et al.Determination of selenium concentration of rice in China and the effect of fertilization of selenate and selenate on selenium content of rice[J].J Agr Food Chem,2002,50:5128-5130.
[36]李志刚,叶正钱,方云英,等.供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累和分配的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2003,17(1):61-66.Li ZG,Ye ZQ,Fang YY,et al.Zinc level impact on rice growth and zn accumulation and distribution[J].Chin J Rice Sci,2003,17(1):61-66.