接种丛枝菌根真菌对露天矿区不同配比沙土与黏土的培肥效应分析
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摘要
在室内盆栽条件下,研究沙土和黄土配比联合接种AM真菌对根际土壤养分、有机质含量,植物叶片营养元素含量等的影响。结果表明:接种AM真菌后玉米的生物量和叶片营养元素含量均呈现不同程度的提高,沙土与黄土质量比为1∶1和3∶1中接菌处理的提高作用较为显著;接菌后土壤中的速效磷和速效钾含量降低的同时有机质含量增加。将黄土和沙土进行优化配比可以显著提高菌根侵染率和玉米的生物量,提高土壤速效磷和有机质的含量,提升玉米叶片的营养元素含量。相关性分析表明,菌根侵染率与土壤各理化指标之间存在相互的正效应,菌根侵染后对植物营养吸收具有协同作用。
Rational soil structure plays an important role in supporting the growth of plants. The yellow clay in Western China has high clay content, good water holding capacity, but poor air permeability, and the soil has low available nutrients and cannot be directly utilized, therefore, it is necessary to optimize the ratio between the clay and the sand so as to improve the soil structure. Four different configurations were set up according to different ratios between sand and clay: sand(S), loess(H), sand and loess at mass ratio of 1∶1(S∶H=1∶1), and sand and loess at mass ratio of 3∶1(S∶H=3∶1). Two levels of AM fungal treatment were set up: inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi(M) and control group(CK) without inoculation. The effects of different ratios between sand and clay with AM fungi on soil nutrients, organic matter content and nutrient content of plant leaves were studied under indoor pot condition. The results showed that: the biomass and leaf nutrient contents of maize increased at different degrees after inoculation of AM fungi, and the enhancement effect in inoculation treatment by S∶H=1∶1 and S∶H=3∶1 was significant; the content of rapid available phosphorus and potassium in soil decreased after inoculation while the organic matter content increased. The rationed sand and clay could significantly increase the AM colonization rate and maize biomass, and could significantly improve the content of rapid available phosphorus and organic matter in soil; it could also improve nutrient content of maize leaves to some degree. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive effect between AM colonization and soil physical and chemical indicators, and AM colonization had synergistic effect with plant leaf nutrient absorption.
Rational soil structure plays an important role in supporting the growth of plants. The yellow clay in Western China has high clay content, good water holding capacity, but poor air permeability, and the soil has low available nutrients and cannot be directly utilized, therefore, it is necessary to optimize the ratio between the clay and the sand so as to improve the soil structure. Four different configurations were set up according to different ratios between sand and clay: sand(S), loess(H), sand and loess at mass ratio of 1∶1(S∶H=1∶1), and sand and loess at mass ratio of 3∶1(S∶H=3∶1). Two levels of AM fungal treatment were set up: inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi(M) and control group(CK) without inoculation. The effects of different ratios between sand and clay with AM fungi on soil nutrients, organic matter content and nutrient content of plant leaves were studied under indoor pot condition. The results showed that: the biomass and leaf nutrient contents of maize increased at different degrees after inoculation of AM fungi, and the enhancement effect in inoculation treatment by S∶H=1∶1 and S∶H=3∶1 was significant; the content of rapid available phosphorus and potassium in soil decreased after inoculation while the organic matter content increased. The rationed sand and clay could significantly increase the AM colonization rate and maize biomass, and could significantly improve the content of rapid available phosphorus and organic matter in soil; it could also improve nutrient content of maize leaves to some degree. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive effect between AM colonization and soil physical and chemical indicators, and AM colonization had synergistic effect with plant leaf nutrient absorption.
引文
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[3] Orwin K H, Kirschbaum M U F, St John M G, et al. Organic nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal fungi enhances ecosystem carbon storage: a model-based assessment[J]. Ecology Letters, 2011, 14(5): 493-502.
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[6] 贺学礼,郭辉娟,王银银.土壤水分和 AM 真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-519.
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[11] 毕银丽,孙欢,郭楠,等.不同基质和菌种组合对丛枝菌根真菌扩繁效果的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):616-621.
[12] 王怀玉,罗英.基质对VA菌根真菌的侵染及孢子产量的影响[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003(3):302-305.
[13] 毕娜,郭伟,郭江源,等.丛枝菌根真菌(Rhizophagus intraradices)对玉米在3种煤矸石中生长的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(2):194-199.
[14] 战秀梅,彭靖,李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):204-209.
[15] 徐永刚,马强,周桦,等.秸秆还田与深松对土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):428-432.
[16] 徐洪文,卢妍,朱先灿.丛枝菌根对玉米叶片SPAD值及光合作用光响应特征的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):119-121.
[17] 宋微,吴小芹,叶建仁.6种外生菌根真菌对895杨矿质营养吸收的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(2):35-38.
[18] Ordoňez Y M, Fernandez B R, Lara L S, et al. Bacteria with phosphate solubilizing capacity alter mycorrhizal fungal growth both inside and outside the root and in the presence of native microbial communities [J]. Plos One, 2016, 11 (6): e0154438.
[19] Heijden M G, Bruin S, Luckerhoff L, et al. A widespread plantfungal-bacterial symbiosis promotes plant biodiversity, plant nutrition and seedling recruitment [J]. ISME J, 2016, 10 (2): 389-399.
[20] 彭思利,申鸿,袁俊吉,等.丛枝菌根真菌对中性紫色土土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):498-505.
[2] Verslues P E, Agarwal M,Katiyar-Agarwal S, et al. Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status[J]. The Plant Journal, 2006, 45(4): 523-539.
[3] Orwin K H, Kirschbaum M U F, St John M G, et al. Organic nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal fungi enhances ecosystem carbon storage: a model-based assessment[J]. Ecology Letters, 2011, 14(5): 493-502.
[4] Pattarawadee S N, Sombun T,Supranee N. Comparative potentials of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve nutrient uptakeand biomass of Sorghum bicolor Linn[J].Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2016, 50: 173-178.
[5] Chen K,Shi S M,Yang X H,et al.Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation to the growth and photosynthesis of mulberry in karst rocky desertification area[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2014,488/489:769-773.
[6] 贺学礼,郭辉娟,王银银.土壤水分和 AM 真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-519.
[7] Rillig M C, Wright S F, Eviner V T. The role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation: comparing effects of five plant species[J]. Plant & Soil, 2002, 238(2): 325-333.
[8] Phillips J M, Hayman D S. Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J]. Trans Br M ycolSoc, 1970, 55: 158-161.
[9] Giovannetti M,Mosse B. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots[J]. New Phytologist, 1980, 84(3): 489-500.
[10] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版. 北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11] 毕银丽,孙欢,郭楠,等.不同基质和菌种组合对丛枝菌根真菌扩繁效果的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):616-621.
[12] 王怀玉,罗英.基质对VA菌根真菌的侵染及孢子产量的影响[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003(3):302-305.
[13] 毕娜,郭伟,郭江源,等.丛枝菌根真菌(Rhizophagus intraradices)对玉米在3种煤矸石中生长的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(2):194-199.
[14] 战秀梅,彭靖,李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):204-209.
[15] 徐永刚,马强,周桦,等.秸秆还田与深松对土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):428-432.
[16] 徐洪文,卢妍,朱先灿.丛枝菌根对玉米叶片SPAD值及光合作用光响应特征的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):119-121.
[17] 宋微,吴小芹,叶建仁.6种外生菌根真菌对895杨矿质营养吸收的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(2):35-38.
[18] Ordoňez Y M, Fernandez B R, Lara L S, et al. Bacteria with phosphate solubilizing capacity alter mycorrhizal fungal growth both inside and outside the root and in the presence of native microbial communities [J]. Plos One, 2016, 11 (6): e0154438.
[19] Heijden M G, Bruin S, Luckerhoff L, et al. A widespread plantfungal-bacterial symbiosis promotes plant biodiversity, plant nutrition and seedling recruitment [J]. ISME J, 2016, 10 (2): 389-399.
[20] 彭思利,申鸿,袁俊吉,等.丛枝菌根真菌对中性紫色土土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):498-505.