VSG虚拟惯量动态区间控制策略
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摘要
随着高渗透率光伏发电系统接入大电网,光伏逆变器因为缺乏转动惯量支撑严重威胁了系统稳定性。根据传统发电机模型,建立了光储结合形式的虚拟同步发机电(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)等效模型。根据功率守恒原则,在光伏输出功率波动或者负载波动时,因储能环节的存在以及功率的可控性,蓄电池可以提供类似于同步发电机的转子暂态功率。由于蓄电池不同于转子通过转动储存能量的特性,在不同蓄电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)下,蓄电池可以提供不同的惯性支持,同时需要最小转动惯量来保证系统频率的稳定性。文章提出了根据蓄电池SOC变化和以频率改善为目的的改进VSG优化控制方案,最后通过MATLAB/simulink仿真,验证了其理论分析的有效性。
With the high penetration of photovoltaic power generation system accessing power grid,due to the lack of the moment of inertia,the photovoltaic inverter seriously threatens the stability of the system. According to the traditional generator's model,the equivalent model of the virtual synchronous generator is established. According to the principle of power conservation,when the photovoltaic power output is fluctuating or the load fluctuates,due to the existence of energy storage and the controllability of its power,the battery can provide transient power similar to that on the rotor of the synchronous generator. Because characteristics of the battery is different from the rotor which stores energy through rotation,the battery provides different inertial support under different SOC state. At the same time,in order to ensure the stability of the system frequency,minimum moment of inertia is needed. In this paper,an adaptive optimal control scheme for VSG is proposed according to the change of SOC and the improvement of frequency. Finally,simulation results in MATLAB/simulink verify the effectiveness of the analysis.
With the high penetration of photovoltaic power generation system accessing power grid,due to the lack of the moment of inertia,the photovoltaic inverter seriously threatens the stability of the system. According to the traditional generator's model,the equivalent model of the virtual synchronous generator is established. According to the principle of power conservation,when the photovoltaic power output is fluctuating or the load fluctuates,due to the existence of energy storage and the controllability of its power,the battery can provide transient power similar to that on the rotor of the synchronous generator. Because characteristics of the battery is different from the rotor which stores energy through rotation,the battery provides different inertial support under different SOC state. At the same time,in order to ensure the stability of the system frequency,minimum moment of inertia is needed. In this paper,an adaptive optimal control scheme for VSG is proposed according to the change of SOC and the improvement of frequency. Finally,simulation results in MATLAB/simulink verify the effectiveness of the analysis.
引文
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[16]胡超,张兴,石荣亮,等.独立微电网中基于自适应权重系数的VSG协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):516-524.HU Chao,ZHANG Xing,SHI Rongliang,et al.VSG coordinated control based on adaptive w eight factors in islanded microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):516-524.
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[19]李相俊,张晶琼,何宇婷,等.基于自适应动态规划的储能系统优化控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1355-1362.LI Xiangjun,ZHANG Jingqiong,HE Yuting,et al.Optimal control method of energy storage system based on adaptive dynamic programming[J].Pow er System Technology,2016,40(5):1355-1362.
[20]单茂华,李陈龙,梁廷婷,等.用于平滑可再生能源出力波动的电池储能系统优化控制策略(英文)[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):469-477.SHAN M aohua,LI Chenlong,LIANG Tingting,et al.A real-time optimal control strategy for battery energy storage system to smooth active output fluctuation of renew able energy sources[J].Pow er System Technology,2014,38(2):469-477.
[21]王斯成,陈子平,杨军,等.蓄电池剩余容量(SOC)数学模型探讨和在线测试仪的开发[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):10-17.WANG Sicheng,CHEN Ziping,YANG Jun,et al.Discussion on mathematical model of battery residual capacity(SOC)and development of online tester[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(1):10-17.
[2]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):639-646.LIU Ju,YAO Wei,WEN Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for large-scale w ind farm participating into pow er grid frequency regulation[J].Pow er System Technology,2014,38(3):639-646.
[3]ROCABERT J,LUNA A,BLAABJER G,et al.Control of power converters in AC microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Electronics,2012,27(11):4734-4749.
[4]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.YANG Xinfa,SU Jian,LZhipeng,et al.Overview on microgrid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70.
[5]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui,DING M ing,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Pow er System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168.
[6]GUERRERO J M,MUKIL C,LEE Tzung-Lin,et al.Advanced control architectures for intelligent microgrids:Part I:decentralized and hierarchical control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1254-1262.
[7]ARANI M F M,MOHAMED Y A R I.Analysis and impacts of implementing droop control in DFIG-based w ind turbines on microgrid/w eak-grid stability[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2015,30(1):385-396.
[8]张明锐,林显琦,孙华.孤岛微网中固态变压器间环流抑制研[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5563-5570.ZHANG M ingrui,LIN Xianqi,SUN Hua.Researches on restraining circulating currents of solid state transformers in islanding mod microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5563-5570.
[9]张东,卓放,师洪涛,等.基于下垂系数步长自适应的下垂控制策[J].电力系统自动化,2014,25(24):26-33.ZHANG Dong,ZHUO Fang,SHING Hongtao,et al.Droop control strategy based on droop coefficient and step size adaptation[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2014,25(24):26-33.
[10]ZHONG Qingchang,NGUYEN P L,MA Zhenyu,et al.Selfsynchronized synchronverters:Inverters w ithout a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Electronics,2014,29(2):617-630.
[11]ZHONG Qingchang,WEISS G.Synchronverters:Inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[12]侍乔明,王刚,付立军,等.基于虚拟同步发电机原理的模拟同步发电机设计方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(3):783-790.SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang,FU Lijun,et al.A design method of simulative synchronous generator based on virtual synchronous generator theory[J].Pow er System Technology,2015,39(3):783-790.
[13]宋琼,张辉,孙凯,等.多微源独立微网中虚拟同步发电机改进型转动惯量自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):412-424.SONG Qiong,ZHANG Hui,SUN Kai,et al.Improved adaptive control of inertia for virtual synchronous generators in islanding micro-grid w ith multiple distributed generation units[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):412-424.
[14]涂春鸣,兰征,肖凡,等.具备同步电机特性的级联型光伏发电系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):433-444.TU Chunming,LAN Zheng,XIAO Fan,et al.Study on cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic pow er systems w ith synchronous generator characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):433-444.
[15]温烨婷,戴瑜兴,毕大强,等.一种电网友好型光储分布式电源控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):464-476.WEN Yeting,DAI Yuxing,BI Daqiang,et al.A grid friendly PV/BESS distributed generation control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):464-476.
[16]胡超,张兴,石荣亮,等.独立微电网中基于自适应权重系数的VSG协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):516-524.HU Chao,ZHANG Xing,SHI Rongliang,et al.VSG coordinated control based on adaptive w eight factors in islanded microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):516-524.
[17]曾正,邵伟华,吕志鹏,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31.ZENG Zheng,SHAO Weihua,LZhipeng,et al.M odel of virtual synchronous generator and optimal allocation of energy storage unit[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(13):22-31.
[18]卢芸,徐骏.基于小波包分解的风电混合储能容量配置方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(11):149-154.LU Yun,XU Jun.Wind pow er hybrid energy storage capacity configuration based on w avelet packet decomposition[J].Pow er System Protection and Control,2016,44(11):149-154.
[19]李相俊,张晶琼,何宇婷,等.基于自适应动态规划的储能系统优化控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1355-1362.LI Xiangjun,ZHANG Jingqiong,HE Yuting,et al.Optimal control method of energy storage system based on adaptive dynamic programming[J].Pow er System Technology,2016,40(5):1355-1362.
[20]单茂华,李陈龙,梁廷婷,等.用于平滑可再生能源出力波动的电池储能系统优化控制策略(英文)[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):469-477.SHAN M aohua,LI Chenlong,LIANG Tingting,et al.A real-time optimal control strategy for battery energy storage system to smooth active output fluctuation of renew able energy sources[J].Pow er System Technology,2014,38(2):469-477.
[21]王斯成,陈子平,杨军,等.蓄电池剩余容量(SOC)数学模型探讨和在线测试仪的开发[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(1):10-17.WANG Sicheng,CHEN Ziping,YANG Jun,et al.Discussion on mathematical model of battery residual capacity(SOC)and development of online tester[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(1):10-17.