义海木里露天煤矿冻土爆破实验研究
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摘要
为确定适用于义海木里露天煤矿地区的冻土爆破参数,采用现场实验的方法,研究了钻孔设备的选择、炮孔防护方法、起爆器材和炸药的爆炸性能以及爆破参数之间的关系等。结果表明:钻孔设备宜选用阿特拉斯D9钻机或更先进的钻机;利用PVC管做防护器材,炮孔利用率提高20%以上;导爆管应提前泄压才能在高原环境下使用;采用药壶爆破实验评估炸药爆炸性能,结果显示乳化炸药的作功能力强于铵油炸药。得出适用于义海木里煤矿地区的冻土爆破参数:孔径为80~120mm,孔深不大于6m,孔距和排距的组合取(4~5)m×(2.5~3.5)m,炸药单耗为0.28~0.3kg/m~3,底盘抵抗线不宜超过2.8m,采用斜线起爆网路。
A series of field tests were carried out to obtain suitable frozen soil blasting parameters for Yihaimuli open coal mine,including suitable punch machine,blasthole protection method,performance of initiation material and explosive,relationship of blasting parameters.The results showed that Atlas D9 drill or more advanced drill should be chosen,blasthole utilization ratio was increased more than 20% by using PVC pipe as protective equipment,detonating tube could be used through pressure relief in advance in the plateau environment,springing blasting experiments were used to evaluate explosive performance,indicating that emulsion explosive was better than ANFO explosive in explosive power.Finally,suitable blasting parameters for Yihaimuli open coal mine were obtained:hole diameter was 80~120mm,hole depth was no more than 6m,the combination of hole distance and row distance was(4~5)m×(2.5~3.5)m,explosive unit consumption was 0.28~0.3kg/m~3,bottom burden was no more than 2.8m,oblique line initiation network should be used.
A series of field tests were carried out to obtain suitable frozen soil blasting parameters for Yihaimuli open coal mine,including suitable punch machine,blasthole protection method,performance of initiation material and explosive,relationship of blasting parameters.The results showed that Atlas D9 drill or more advanced drill should be chosen,blasthole utilization ratio was increased more than 20% by using PVC pipe as protective equipment,detonating tube could be used through pressure relief in advance in the plateau environment,springing blasting experiments were used to evaluate explosive performance,indicating that emulsion explosive was better than ANFO explosive in explosive power.Finally,suitable blasting parameters for Yihaimuli open coal mine were obtained:hole diameter was 80~120mm,hole depth was no more than 6m,the combination of hole distance and row distance was(4~5)m×(2.5~3.5)m,explosive unit consumption was 0.28~0.3kg/m~3,bottom burden was no more than 2.8m,oblique line initiation network should be used.
引文
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[16]黄明升.季节性冻土爆破参数试验研究[J].山西建筑,2014,40(11):98-99.HUANG M S.The experimental study of seasonal frozen soil blasting parameters[J].Shanxi Architecture,2014,40(11):98-99.
[17]高克智.露天矿冻土爆破技术探究[J].露天采矿技术,2013(3):24-25.GAO K Z.The study on open-pit mine frozen soil blasting technology[J].Open-pit Mining Technology,2013(3):24-25.
[18]国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.
[2]张俊兵,潘卫东,傅洪贤.青藏铁路多年高含冰量冻土爆破漏斗试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6):1 077-1 081.ZHANG J B,PAN W D,FU H X.Experimental study on the explosion crater of ice-rich frozen soil along qinghai-tibet railway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(6):1 077-1 081.
[3]陈彬,刘学武.冻土爆破方法[J].露天采煤技术,1997(1):22-24.CHEN B,LIU X W.Permafrost blasting method[J].Opencast Technology,1997(1):22-24.
[4]马芹永.多年冻土和人工冻土的爆破试验与方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(9):75-78.MA Q Y.A study on blasting tests and methods for permafrost and artificially frozen soils[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(9):75-78.
[5]傅洪贤.青藏线冻土爆破特性的研究[R].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2003.FU H X.The study of blasting character on frozen soil along Qinghai-Tibet railway[R].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2003.
[6]杜富贵,梁秋祥,董德坤,等.冻土爆破穿孔数值模拟与试验验证[J].爆破器材,2015,44(1):46-49.DU F G,LIANG Q X,DONG D K,et al.The numerical simulation and experimental validation of frozen soil blasting[J].Blasting Materials,2015,44(1):46-49.
[7]MELLOR M,SELLMANN P V.Experimental blasting in frozen ground[R].USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,Special Report 153.AD738798.
[8]李蒙蒙,牛永红,江聪,等.冻土开挖破碎方法研究现状与展望[J].力学与实践,2016,38(2):126-133,143.LI M M,NIU Y H,JIANG C,et al.Recent progress of excavation and breaking methods for frozen soil[J].Mechanics and Practice,2016,38(2):126-133,143.
[9]North smith high-explosive cratering in frozen and unfrozen soil in Alaska[R].AD-A084702.
[10]孟海利,施建俊,田会礼.爆破法在冻土基坑开挖中的应用[J].建筑技术,2004,35(10):767-769.MENG H L,SHI J J,TIAN H L.Brief Analysis of Permafrost Blasting Excavationl[J].Architecture Techno Iogy,2004,35(10):767-769.
[11]于继来,周聪,张起博.冻土爆破钻孔机械的选用[J].南方农机,2016,47(10):133-133.YU J L,ZHOU C,ZHANG Q B.The choice of drilling machinery on frozen soil blasting[J].The Southern Farm Machinery,2016,47(10):133-133.
[12]陈卫东.浅谈高原铁路桥梁桩基旋挖钻干法成孔施工技术[J].科技创新导报,2009(15):107-108.CHEN W D.Discussion on the pore-forming construction technique of rotary digging method for railroad bridgepile foundation in plateau[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2009(15):107-108.
[13]杜海丽,刘宁,蔺亚敏.冻土爆破开挖技术[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2015,32(10):82-84.DU H L,LIU N,LIN Y M.Application of blasting method in foundation pit excavation of frozen soil[J].Bridge and Tunnel Construcyion and Machinery,2015,35(10):82-84.
[14]董春海.铅铸法测试工业炸药作功能力探讨[J].爆破,2003,20(S1):120-121.DONG C H.Discussion on the working ability of industrial explosive by lead casting[J].Blasting,2003,20(S1):120-121.
[15]崔旺,张红峰,张建华,等.青海木里煤矿冻土爆破大块率控制措施[J].现代矿业,2015(4):196-198.CUI W,ZHANG H F,ZHANG J H,et al.The control measures of boulder yield about frozen soil blasting in QingHaiMuLi ming[J].Modern Mining,2015(4):196-198.
[16]黄明升.季节性冻土爆破参数试验研究[J].山西建筑,2014,40(11):98-99.HUANG M S.The experimental study of seasonal frozen soil blasting parameters[J].Shanxi Architecture,2014,40(11):98-99.
[17]高克智.露天矿冻土爆破技术探究[J].露天采矿技术,2013(3):24-25.GAO K Z.The study on open-pit mine frozen soil blasting technology[J].Open-pit Mining Technology,2013(3):24-25.
[18]国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程:GB6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.