滑切型自激振动减阻深松装置设计与试验
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摘要
针对长江中下游地区黏重土壤深松作业阻力大的问题,基于滑切和自激振动减阻的原理,设计了滑切型自激振动深松装置。对滑切型铲柄的滑切角及刃口角进行了分析及参数设计,通过有限元分析,表明铲柄强度符合设计要求,自激振动弹簧采用内外双弹簧以减小自激振动装置的结构尺寸。土槽对比试验表明,固定连接方式滑切型深松铲在各速度下相对于传统弧形深松铲减阻7. 79%～8. 81%,自激振动连接方式滑切型深松铲在各速度下相对于传统弧形深松铲减阻15. 45%～20. 05%。田间性能试验表明,深松后各深度下土壤坚实度下降显著,0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～30 cm深度下土壤坚实度分别减小78. 18%、56. 08%和62. 72%;深松后各深度下土壤容重下降14. 66%～20. 81%,土壤含水率在0～10 cm略有下降,在10～20 cm和20～30 cm略有上升;土壤扰动系数均值为60. 8%,土壤蓬松度均值为11. 9%;深松深度及其稳定性系数符合行业标准,滑切型自激振动深松装置作业质量总体满足作业要求。
Aiming at the problem of large resistance of clay soil by subsoiling in mid-lower Yangtze River,based on the principle of sliding cutting and self-excited vibration,a sliding cutting self-excited vibration subsoiling device was designed. The sliding cutting angle and cutting edge angle of the sliding cutting shovel handle were analyzed and the parameters were designed. The finite element analysis showed that the strength of the shovel handle met the design requirements,and the internal and external double springs were designed to reduce the structural size of the self-excited vibration device. The soil tank comparing test showed that,compared with the traditional arc subsoiling shovel,the fixed connection mode of sliding cutting subsoiling shovel reduced drag by 7. 79% ～ 8. 81% at various speeds,and the self-excited vibration connection mode of sliding cutting subsoiling shovel reduced drag by 15. 45% ～20. 05% at various speeds. Field performance test showed that the soil firmness was decreased significantly at different depths after subsoiling,which was decreased by 78. 18%,56. 08% and 62. 72%at depths of 0 ～ 10 cm,10 ～ 20 cm and 20 ～ 30 cm,respectively. Soil bulk density was decreased by14. 66% ～ 20. 81% at different depths after subsoiling. Soil moisture content was decreased slightly at 0 ～ 10 cm,and increased slightly at 10 ～ 20 cm and 20 ～ 30 cm. The average soil disturbance coefficient was 60. 8% and the average soil bulkiness was 11. 9%. The subsoiling depth and its stability coefficient conformed to the index. The working quality of sliding cutting self-excited vibration subsoiling met the operation requirements as a whole. The research results can provide reference for the study of subsoiling drag reduction.
Aiming at the problem of large resistance of clay soil by subsoiling in mid-lower Yangtze River,based on the principle of sliding cutting and self-excited vibration,a sliding cutting self-excited vibration subsoiling device was designed. The sliding cutting angle and cutting edge angle of the sliding cutting shovel handle were analyzed and the parameters were designed. The finite element analysis showed that the strength of the shovel handle met the design requirements,and the internal and external double springs were designed to reduce the structural size of the self-excited vibration device. The soil tank comparing test showed that,compared with the traditional arc subsoiling shovel,the fixed connection mode of sliding cutting subsoiling shovel reduced drag by 7. 79% ～ 8. 81% at various speeds,and the self-excited vibration connection mode of sliding cutting subsoiling shovel reduced drag by 15. 45% ～20. 05% at various speeds. Field performance test showed that the soil firmness was decreased significantly at different depths after subsoiling,which was decreased by 78. 18%,56. 08% and 62. 72%at depths of 0 ～ 10 cm,10 ～ 20 cm and 20 ～ 30 cm,respectively. Soil bulk density was decreased by14. 66% ～ 20. 81% at different depths after subsoiling. Soil moisture content was decreased slightly at 0 ～ 10 cm,and increased slightly at 10 ～ 20 cm and 20 ～ 30 cm. The average soil disturbance coefficient was 60. 8% and the average soil bulkiness was 11. 9%. The subsoiling depth and its stability coefficient conformed to the index. The working quality of sliding cutting self-excited vibration subsoiling met the operation requirements as a whole. The research results can provide reference for the study of subsoiling drag reduction.
引文
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[2]张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84.ZHANG Ruifu,YANG Hengshan,GAO Julin,et al.Effect of subsoiling on root morphological and physiological characteristics of spring maize[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(5):78-84.(in Chinese)
[3]宫秀杰,钱春荣,于洋,等.深松免耕技术对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(5):134-137.GONG Xiujie,QIAN Chunrong,YU Yang,et al.Effects of subsoiling and no-tillage on soil physical characters and coin yield[J].J.Maize Sci.,2009,17(5):134-137.(in Chinese)
[4]何进,李洪文,高焕文.中国北方保护性耕作条件下深松效应与经济效益研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):62-67.HE Jin,LI Hongwen,GAO Huanwen.Subsoiling effect and economic benefit under conservation tillage mode in Northern China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(10):62-67.(in Chinese)
[5]胡恒宇,李增嘉,宁堂原,等.深松和尿素类型对不同玉米品种水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(9):1963-1972.HU Hengyu,LI Zengjia,NING Tangyuan,et al.Effects of subsoiling and urea types on water use efficiency of different maize cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,201l,44(9):1963-1972.(in Chinese)
[6]孙亚朋,董向前,宋建农,等.振动深松机多组振动深松铲自平衡性能及仿真分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(4):92-99.SUN Yapeng,DONG Xiangqian,SONG Jiannong,et al.Self-balancing performance and simulation analysis of multi-group vibrating sholvels of oscillatory subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(4):92-99.(in Chinese)
[7]张祥彩,李洪文,何进,等.耕作方式对华北一年两熟区土壤及作物特性影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):77-82,71.ZHANG Xiangcai,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,et al.Effects of different tillage managements on characteristics of soil and crop in annual double cropping areas in Northern China[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.1):77-82,71.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2013s115&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.S1.015.(in Chinese)
[8]HU H,NING T,LI Z,et al.Coupling effects of urea types and subsoiling on nitrogen water use and yield of different varieties of maize in Northern China[J].Field Crops Research,2013,142(3):85-94.
[9]SHAHGOLI G,FIELKE J,SAUNDERS C,et al.Simulation of the dynamic behavior of a tractor-oscillating[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):147-155.
[10]LI B,CHEN Y,CHEN J.Modeling of soil claw interaction using the discrete element method(DEM)[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2016,158:177-185.
[11]KORNL T,ISTVN J J,MOUAZEN A M.Modelling soil-sweep interaction with discrete element method[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2013,134:223-231.
[12]张金波,佟金,马云海.仿生减阻深松铲设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):141-145.ZHANG Jinbo,TONG Jin,MA Yunhai.Design and experiment of bionic anti-drag subsoiler[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):141-145.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140422&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.022.(in Chinese)
[13]龚皓晖,王霜.仿生深松铲结构设计与有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2013,35(7):53-57.GONG Haohui,WANG Shuang.Bionic subsoiler structural design with the finite element analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013,35(7):53-57.(in Chinese)
[14]郑侃,何进,李洪文,等.基于离散元深松土壤模型的折线破土刃深松铲研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):62-72.ZHENG Kan,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Research on polyline soil-breaking blade subsoiler based on subsoiling soil model using discrete element method[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):62-72.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160910&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.010.(in Chinese)
[15]赵淑红,王加一,陈君执,等.保护性耕作拟合曲线型深松铲设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):82-92.ZHAO Shuhong,WANG Jiayi,CHEN Junzhi,et al.Design and experiment of fitting curve subsoiler of conservation tillage[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):82-92.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180211&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.011.(in Chinese)
[16]李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
[17]李霞,张东兴,王维新,等.受迫振动深松机性能参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):17-24.LI Xia,ZHANG Dongxing,WANG Weixin,et al.Performance parameter optimization and experiment of forced-vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(21):17-24.(in Chinese)
[18]孙亚朋,董向前,宋建农,等.振动深松试验台作业参数减阻减振优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):43-49.SUN Yapeng,DONG Xiangqian,SONG Jiannong,et al.Parameter optimization of vibration subsoiler test bed for reducing resistance and vibration[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(24):43-49.(in Chinese)
[19]邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa.Experimental study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
[20]SHAHGOLI G,SAUNDERS C,DESBIOLLES J,et al.An investigation into the performance of vibratory tillage using straight and bent leg tines[J].Soil Management for Sustainability,Advances in Geoecology,2006,39:21-30.
[21]崔涛,史智栋,杨丽,等.弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):96-102.CUI Tao,SHI Zhidong,YANG Li,et al.Design and experiment of vibration subsoiler with adjustable spring pre-tightening force[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):96-102.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2016s015&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.S0.015.(in Chinese)
[22]张军昌,闫小丽,林泽坤,等.自激式振动深松整地机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):44-49,72.ZHANG Junchang,YAN Xiaoli,LIN Zekun,et al.Design and experiment of self-exciting vibration deep-loosening and subsoiling machine[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):44-49,72.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160907&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.007.(in Chinese)
[23]庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982,6(1):64-69.PANG Shenghai.On the theory of sliding cutting and the choice of its angle[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural College,1982,6(1):64-69.(in Chinese)
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