云南省六个国家级自然保护区外来入侵草本植物与本地植物的关系
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摘要
为明确不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物及其与本地植物多样性之间的关系,以我国生物多样性丰富的云南省为研究对象,于2014年对云南省6个国家级自然保护区的82个1 m2小样方(78个100 m2大样方)中外来入侵草本植物和本地植物物种丰富度和密度进行调查,并分析外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、外来入侵草本植物密度与本地草本植物密度的关系及对不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度的差异进行分析。结果显示,共调查发现22种外来入侵草本植物,其中纳板河流域国家级自然保护区种类最多,达14种,金平分水岭国家级自然保护区仅有2种;6个国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物的物种丰富度之间、本地草本植物密度与外来入侵草本植物密度之间均呈现正、负2种相关关系,其中哀牢山国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度呈显著负相关,其它5个国家级自然保护区的相关性均不显著。简单回归分析表明自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、本地草本植物盖度、本地乔灌木物种丰富度呈显著负相关,多元回归分析结果表明乔灌木物种丰富度和经纬度是造成不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种多样性差异的主要原因。
To examine the distribution of invasive alien grasses and the relationship between native and invasive alien grass richnesses, six national nature reserves located in Yunnan Province, one of biodiversity hotspots, were selected as study areas. Eighty-two subplots(1 m~2) in 78 plots(100 m~2) were investigated for the richness, abundance and cover of plant species in the six national nature reserves. The relationships between the richness and density of native and invasive alien grasses were compared among different nature reserves. The factors influencing the richness in different nature reserves were also analyzed. Twenty-two invasive alien grasses were found in the six national nature reserves, and 14 invasive alien species were distributed in the Nabanhe River Basin National Nature Reserve, but only two invasive alien species were distributed in the Jinping Watershed National Nature Reserve. At the one-sequare-meter scale, postive and negative relationships of the species richness and density between native and invasive alien grasses were found in the six national nature reserves. With increasing richness of native grass, the richness of invasive alien grass significantly decreased in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, but no significant correlations trends were found in other nature reserves. The results of simple linear regressions showed that alien grass richness in different national natural reserves was negatively correlated with the native grass richness, cover of native grass and the species richness of native trees and shrubs. The results of multiple regression showed that the variance of invasive alien grass richness was mainly explained by the richness of native trees and shrubs, and the longitude and latitude.
To examine the distribution of invasive alien grasses and the relationship between native and invasive alien grass richnesses, six national nature reserves located in Yunnan Province, one of biodiversity hotspots, were selected as study areas. Eighty-two subplots(1 m~2) in 78 plots(100 m~2) were investigated for the richness, abundance and cover of plant species in the six national nature reserves. The relationships between the richness and density of native and invasive alien grasses were compared among different nature reserves. The factors influencing the richness in different nature reserves were also analyzed. Twenty-two invasive alien grasses were found in the six national nature reserves, and 14 invasive alien species were distributed in the Nabanhe River Basin National Nature Reserve, but only two invasive alien species were distributed in the Jinping Watershed National Nature Reserve. At the one-sequare-meter scale, postive and negative relationships of the species richness and density between native and invasive alien grasses were found in the six national nature reserves. With increasing richness of native grass, the richness of invasive alien grass significantly decreased in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, but no significant correlations trends were found in other nature reserves. The results of simple linear regressions showed that alien grass richness in different national natural reserves was negatively correlated with the native grass richness, cover of native grass and the species richness of native trees and shrubs. The results of multiple regression showed that the variance of invasive alien grass richness was mainly explained by the richness of native trees and shrubs, and the longitude and latitude.
引文
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Chen H,Qian H,Spyreas G,Crossland M.2010.Biodiversity research:native-exotic species richness relationships across spatial scales and biotic homogenization in wetland plant communities of Illinois,USA.Diversity&Distribution,16(5):737-743
Cleland EE,Smith MD,Andelman SJ,Bowles C,Carney KM,HornerDevine MC,Drake JM,Emery SM,Gramling JM,Vandermast DB.2004.Invasion in space and time:non-native species richness and relative abundance respond to interannual variation in productivity and diversity.Ecological Letter,7(10):947-957
Darwin C.1859.The origin of species.London:Oxford University Press
Davies KF,Chesson P,Harrison S,Inouye BD,Melbourne BA,Rice KJ.2005.Spatial heterogeneity explains the scale dependence of the native-exotic diversity relationship.Ecology,86(6):1602-1610
Davies KF,Harrison S,Safford HD,Viers JH.2007.Productivity alters the scale dependence of the diversity-invasibility relationship.Ecology,88(8):1940-1947
Denslow MW,Palmer MW,Murrell ZE.2010.Patterns of native andexotic vascular plant richness along an elevational gradient from sea level to the summit of the Appalachian Mountains,USA.The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society,137(1):67-80
Dukes JS.2001.Biodiversity and invasibility in grassland microcosms.Oecologia,126(4):563-568
Elton CS.1958.The ecology of invasion by plant and animal.New York:Springer
Fridley JD,Stachowicz JJ,Naeem S,Sax DF,Seabloom EW,Smith MD,Stohlgren TJ,von Holle B.2007.The invasion paradox:reconciling pattern and process in species.Ecology,88(1):3-17
Funk JL,Cleland EE,Suding KN,Zavaleta ES.2008.Restoration through reassembly:plant traits and invasion resistance.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,23(12):695-703
Gong L,Li JS,Liu XY,Zhao XJ,Zhao CY.2017.Analysis of invasive alien species in Chinese national nature reserves.Ecology Science,36(4):210-216(in Chinese)[宫璐,李俊生,柳晓燕,赵相健,赵彩云.2017.我国部分国家级自然保护区外来入侵物种的分布概况.生态科学,36(4):210-216]
Guo H,Mazer SJ,Xu XY,Luo X,Huang KL,Xu XH.2017.Biological invasion in nature reserves in China.//Wan FH,Jiang MK,Zhan AB.Biological invasions and its management in China.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.125-147
Jauni M,Hyv?nen T.2012.Positive diversity-invisibility relationships across multiple scales in Finnish agricultural habitats.Biological Invasions,14(7):1379-1391
Knops JMH,Grifin JR,Royalty AC.1995.Introduced and native plants of the Hastings Reservation,central coastal California:acomparison.Biological Conservation,71(2):115-123
Knops JMH,Tilman D,Haddad NM,Naeem S,Mitchell CE,Haarstad J,Ritchie ME,Howe KM,Reich PB,Siemann E,et al.1999.Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics,disease outbreaks,insect abundances and diversity.Ecology Letters,2(5):286-293
Levine JM,Adler PB,Yelenik SG.2004.A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions.Ecology Letters,7(10):975-989
Liu F,Tao GD,Wang DS.2008.Investigation on the alien invasive plants in Nabanhe Nature Reserve and precautionary measures.Forest Inventory and Planning,33(6):112-117(in Chinese)[刘峰,陶国达,王东升.2008.纳板河自然保护区外来入侵植物状况调查及防范对策.林业调查规划,33(6):112-117]
Lonsdale WM.1999.Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility.Ecology,80(5):1522-1536
Lyons KG,Schwartz MW.2001.Rare species loss alters ecosystem function:invasion resistance.Ecology Letters,4:358-365
Ma JS,Li HR.2018.The checklist of the alien invasive plants in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[马金双,李惠茹.2018.中国外来入侵植物名录.北京:高等教育出版社]
MacDougall AS.2005.Responses of diversity and invisibility to burning in a northern Oak Savanna.Ecology,86(12):3354-3363
Maestre FT,Quero JL,Gotelli NJ,Escudero A,Ochoa V,DelgadoBaquerizo M,García-Gómez M,Boweker MA,Soliveres S,Escolar C,et al.2012.Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands.Science,335(6065):214-218
Naeem S,Knops JMH,Tilman D,Howe KM,Kennedy T,Gale S.2000.Plant diversity increases resistance to invasion in the absence of covarying extrinsic factors.Oikos,91(1):97-108
Peng XC,Pan Y,Zhu XY,Zhou XM,Gao J,Wang CY.2018.Morphological characters and wind dispersal property of pappose seeds for seven common Compositae weed in Yunnan,China.Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition),40(5):1024-1033(in Chinese)[彭晓昶,潘燕,朱晓媛,周新茂,高杰,王崇云.2018.云南7种常见菊科杂草植物具冠毛种子形态与风传播特征.云南大学学报(自然科学版),40(5):1024-1033]
Perrings C,Naeem S,Ahrestani F,Bunker DE,Burkill P,Canziani G,Elmqvist T,Ferrati R,Fuhrman J,Jaksic F,et al.2010.Ecosystem services for 2020.Science,330(6002):323-324
Py?ek P,Jaro?ik V,Kucera T.2002.Patterns of invasion in temperate nature reserves.Biological Conservation,104(1):13-24
Rejmánek M,Richardson DM.1996.What attributes make some plant species more invasive.Ecology,77(6):1655-1661
Song XL,Cao F,He YH,Qiang S,Qin WH,Jiang MK.2009.A survey of invasive alien plant species in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,26(4):538-543(in Chinese)[宋小玲,曹飞,何云核,强胜,秦卫华,蒋明康.2009.广东省鼎湖山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物调查.浙江林学院学报,26(4):538-543]
Stohlgren TJ,Binkley D,Chong GW,Kalkhan MA,Schhell LD,Bull KA,Otsuki Y,Newman G,Bashkin M,Son Y.1999.Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity.Ecological Monographs,69(1):25-46
Symstad AJA.2000.Test of the functional group richness and composition on grassland invisibility.Ecology,81(1):99-109
Tang MZ,Ren MX,Zheng JM,Ding JQ.2012.Seasonal dynamics of plant diversity in woodland invaded by Solidago canadensis(Asteraceae)in Lushan Nature Reserve.Plant Science Journal,30(4):366-373(in Chinese)[汤敏喆,任明迅,郑景明,丁建清.2012.加拿大一枝黄花对庐山自然保护区林业植物多样性及其季节动态的影响.植物科技学报,30(4):366-373]
Tao YX,Zhao JW,Wang LX,Guo XM.2017.Investigation on the present situation of invasive plants in Xishuangbannan Nature Reserve.Shangdong Forestry Science and Technology,(1):58-61(in Chinese)[陶永祥,赵建伟,王兰新,郭贤明.2017.西双版纳自然保护区外来入侵植物现状调查.山东林业科技,(1):58-61]
Tarasi DD,Peet RK.2018.The native-exotic species richness resltionship varies with spatial grain of measurement and environmental conditions.Ecology,98(12):56-78
Tilman D.1997.Community invasibility,recruitment limitation,and grassland biodiversity.Ecology,78(1):81-92
Wei YL,Ye D,Wen YG,Men YY.2006.Invasive plant species in Shiwandashan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China.China Forest Science Technology,20(6):23-26(in Chinese)[韦原莲,叶铎,温远光,门媛媛.2006.广西十万大山自然保护区外来入侵植物研究.林业科技开发,20(6):23-26]
Wu XW,Luo J,Chen JK,Li B.2006.Spatial patterns of invasive alien plants in China and its relationship with environmental and anthropological factors.Journal of Plant Ecology,30(4):576-584(in Chinese)[吴晓雯,罗晶,陈家宽,李博.2006.中国外来入侵植物的分布格局及其与环境因子和人类活动的关系.植物生态学报,30(4):576-584]
Xiao ZQ,Zhou GH,Quan WT.2009.Distribution pattern of malignant invasive species,Eupatorium adenophorum in Yunnan.Journal of Natural Disasters,18(5):82-87(in Chinese)[肖正清,周冠华,权文婷.2009.恶性外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰在云南的分布格局.自然灾害学报,18(5):82-87]
Zeiter M,Stampfli A.2012.Positive diversity-invisibility relationship in species-rich semi-natural grassland at the neighbourhood scale.Annals of Botany,110(7):1385-1393
Zhang JQ,Zhou SB,Gao XQ,Wang Z,Li ZL,Fu LF,Chang JL.2017.Analysis of alien invasive plants in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,China.Journal of Weed Science,35(1):36-41(in Chinese)[张佳期,周守标,高香琴,王智,李中林,符龙飞,常锦利.2017.石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物物种的分析.杂草学报,35(1):36-41]
Chen H,Qian H,Spyreas G,Crossland M.2010.Biodiversity research:native-exotic species richness relationships across spatial scales and biotic homogenization in wetland plant communities of Illinois,USA.Diversity&Distribution,16(5):737-743
Cleland EE,Smith MD,Andelman SJ,Bowles C,Carney KM,HornerDevine MC,Drake JM,Emery SM,Gramling JM,Vandermast DB.2004.Invasion in space and time:non-native species richness and relative abundance respond to interannual variation in productivity and diversity.Ecological Letter,7(10):947-957
Darwin C.1859.The origin of species.London:Oxford University Press
Davies KF,Chesson P,Harrison S,Inouye BD,Melbourne BA,Rice KJ.2005.Spatial heterogeneity explains the scale dependence of the native-exotic diversity relationship.Ecology,86(6):1602-1610
Davies KF,Harrison S,Safford HD,Viers JH.2007.Productivity alters the scale dependence of the diversity-invasibility relationship.Ecology,88(8):1940-1947
Denslow MW,Palmer MW,Murrell ZE.2010.Patterns of native andexotic vascular plant richness along an elevational gradient from sea level to the summit of the Appalachian Mountains,USA.The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society,137(1):67-80
Dukes JS.2001.Biodiversity and invasibility in grassland microcosms.Oecologia,126(4):563-568
Elton CS.1958.The ecology of invasion by plant and animal.New York:Springer
Fridley JD,Stachowicz JJ,Naeem S,Sax DF,Seabloom EW,Smith MD,Stohlgren TJ,von Holle B.2007.The invasion paradox:reconciling pattern and process in species.Ecology,88(1):3-17
Funk JL,Cleland EE,Suding KN,Zavaleta ES.2008.Restoration through reassembly:plant traits and invasion resistance.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,23(12):695-703
Gong L,Li JS,Liu XY,Zhao XJ,Zhao CY.2017.Analysis of invasive alien species in Chinese national nature reserves.Ecology Science,36(4):210-216(in Chinese)[宫璐,李俊生,柳晓燕,赵相健,赵彩云.2017.我国部分国家级自然保护区外来入侵物种的分布概况.生态科学,36(4):210-216]
Guo H,Mazer SJ,Xu XY,Luo X,Huang KL,Xu XH.2017.Biological invasion in nature reserves in China.//Wan FH,Jiang MK,Zhan AB.Biological invasions and its management in China.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.125-147
Jauni M,Hyv?nen T.2012.Positive diversity-invisibility relationships across multiple scales in Finnish agricultural habitats.Biological Invasions,14(7):1379-1391
Knops JMH,Grifin JR,Royalty AC.1995.Introduced and native plants of the Hastings Reservation,central coastal California:acomparison.Biological Conservation,71(2):115-123
Knops JMH,Tilman D,Haddad NM,Naeem S,Mitchell CE,Haarstad J,Ritchie ME,Howe KM,Reich PB,Siemann E,et al.1999.Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics,disease outbreaks,insect abundances and diversity.Ecology Letters,2(5):286-293
Levine JM,Adler PB,Yelenik SG.2004.A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions.Ecology Letters,7(10):975-989
Liu F,Tao GD,Wang DS.2008.Investigation on the alien invasive plants in Nabanhe Nature Reserve and precautionary measures.Forest Inventory and Planning,33(6):112-117(in Chinese)[刘峰,陶国达,王东升.2008.纳板河自然保护区外来入侵植物状况调查及防范对策.林业调查规划,33(6):112-117]
Lonsdale WM.1999.Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility.Ecology,80(5):1522-1536
Lyons KG,Schwartz MW.2001.Rare species loss alters ecosystem function:invasion resistance.Ecology Letters,4:358-365
Ma JS,Li HR.2018.The checklist of the alien invasive plants in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[马金双,李惠茹.2018.中国外来入侵植物名录.北京:高等教育出版社]
MacDougall AS.2005.Responses of diversity and invisibility to burning in a northern Oak Savanna.Ecology,86(12):3354-3363
Maestre FT,Quero JL,Gotelli NJ,Escudero A,Ochoa V,DelgadoBaquerizo M,García-Gómez M,Boweker MA,Soliveres S,Escolar C,et al.2012.Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands.Science,335(6065):214-218
Naeem S,Knops JMH,Tilman D,Howe KM,Kennedy T,Gale S.2000.Plant diversity increases resistance to invasion in the absence of covarying extrinsic factors.Oikos,91(1):97-108
Peng XC,Pan Y,Zhu XY,Zhou XM,Gao J,Wang CY.2018.Morphological characters and wind dispersal property of pappose seeds for seven common Compositae weed in Yunnan,China.Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition),40(5):1024-1033(in Chinese)[彭晓昶,潘燕,朱晓媛,周新茂,高杰,王崇云.2018.云南7种常见菊科杂草植物具冠毛种子形态与风传播特征.云南大学学报(自然科学版),40(5):1024-1033]
Perrings C,Naeem S,Ahrestani F,Bunker DE,Burkill P,Canziani G,Elmqvist T,Ferrati R,Fuhrman J,Jaksic F,et al.2010.Ecosystem services for 2020.Science,330(6002):323-324
Py?ek P,Jaro?ik V,Kucera T.2002.Patterns of invasion in temperate nature reserves.Biological Conservation,104(1):13-24
Rejmánek M,Richardson DM.1996.What attributes make some plant species more invasive.Ecology,77(6):1655-1661
Song XL,Cao F,He YH,Qiang S,Qin WH,Jiang MK.2009.A survey of invasive alien plant species in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,26(4):538-543(in Chinese)[宋小玲,曹飞,何云核,强胜,秦卫华,蒋明康.2009.广东省鼎湖山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物调查.浙江林学院学报,26(4):538-543]
Stohlgren TJ,Binkley D,Chong GW,Kalkhan MA,Schhell LD,Bull KA,Otsuki Y,Newman G,Bashkin M,Son Y.1999.Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity.Ecological Monographs,69(1):25-46
Symstad AJA.2000.Test of the functional group richness and composition on grassland invisibility.Ecology,81(1):99-109
Tang MZ,Ren MX,Zheng JM,Ding JQ.2012.Seasonal dynamics of plant diversity in woodland invaded by Solidago canadensis(Asteraceae)in Lushan Nature Reserve.Plant Science Journal,30(4):366-373(in Chinese)[汤敏喆,任明迅,郑景明,丁建清.2012.加拿大一枝黄花对庐山自然保护区林业植物多样性及其季节动态的影响.植物科技学报,30(4):366-373]
Tao YX,Zhao JW,Wang LX,Guo XM.2017.Investigation on the present situation of invasive plants in Xishuangbannan Nature Reserve.Shangdong Forestry Science and Technology,(1):58-61(in Chinese)[陶永祥,赵建伟,王兰新,郭贤明.2017.西双版纳自然保护区外来入侵植物现状调查.山东林业科技,(1):58-61]
Tarasi DD,Peet RK.2018.The native-exotic species richness resltionship varies with spatial grain of measurement and environmental conditions.Ecology,98(12):56-78
Tilman D.1997.Community invasibility,recruitment limitation,and grassland biodiversity.Ecology,78(1):81-92
Wei YL,Ye D,Wen YG,Men YY.2006.Invasive plant species in Shiwandashan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China.China Forest Science Technology,20(6):23-26(in Chinese)[韦原莲,叶铎,温远光,门媛媛.2006.广西十万大山自然保护区外来入侵植物研究.林业科技开发,20(6):23-26]
Wu XW,Luo J,Chen JK,Li B.2006.Spatial patterns of invasive alien plants in China and its relationship with environmental and anthropological factors.Journal of Plant Ecology,30(4):576-584(in Chinese)[吴晓雯,罗晶,陈家宽,李博.2006.中国外来入侵植物的分布格局及其与环境因子和人类活动的关系.植物生态学报,30(4):576-584]
Xiao ZQ,Zhou GH,Quan WT.2009.Distribution pattern of malignant invasive species,Eupatorium adenophorum in Yunnan.Journal of Natural Disasters,18(5):82-87(in Chinese)[肖正清,周冠华,权文婷.2009.恶性外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰在云南的分布格局.自然灾害学报,18(5):82-87]
Zeiter M,Stampfli A.2012.Positive diversity-invisibility relationship in species-rich semi-natural grassland at the neighbourhood scale.Annals of Botany,110(7):1385-1393
Zhang JQ,Zhou SB,Gao XQ,Wang Z,Li ZL,Fu LF,Chang JL.2017.Analysis of alien invasive plants in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,China.Journal of Weed Science,35(1):36-41(in Chinese)[张佳期,周守标,高香琴,王智,李中林,符龙飞,常锦利.2017.石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物物种的分析.杂草学报,35(1):36-41]