三种草本植物缓冲带对铜和铅面源污染的净化效果
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摘要
为研究不同草本植物缓冲带对铜和铅面源污染的净化效果,选择早熟禾(Poapretensis)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)三种草本植物在哈尔滨市某内河河段构建滨岸缓冲带试验样地。结果表明,以单种种植的方式构建的草本植物缓冲带均对重金属铜和铅有一定的净化效果。在三种植物的生长各阶段,紫花苜蓿缓冲带对重金属铜和铅始终保持最佳的净化效果;并且紫花苜蓿缓冲带对铜离子的径流、渗流平均去除率最高,分别为84.75%和88.20%;对铅离子的径流、渗流平均去除率最高,分别为94.95%和96.13%;三种植物体内重金属铜总积累量由高到低为:紫花苜蓿(283.07 mg)>黑麦草(157.14 mg)>早熟禾(57.39 mg);三种植物体内重金属铅总积累量由高到低为:紫花苜蓿(20.32 mg)>黑麦草(16.64 mg)>早熟禾(4.53 mg),紫花苜蓿对重金属铜和铅表现出较好的积累能力。因此,紫花苜蓿缓冲带对铜和铅面源污染净化效果最佳。
In order to study the effects of different herb buffer strips on the purification for copper(Cu) and lead(Pb)from typical non-point source pollutants, three kinds of herbaceous plants(alfalfa, Medicago sativa; bluegrass,Poapretensis; and ryegrass, Lolium perenne) were selected to construct shoreline buffer zones in an inland section of Harbin City. The results showed that the buffer zones constructed by single herbaceous plant had certain purification effects on Cu and Pb. Alfalfa buffer zone always maintained the best purification effect for Cu and Pb in all three stages of plant growth, and its average removal rates of Cu ion by percolation and runoff were 84.75% and 88.20%,respectively. The average removal rates of Pb by percolation and runoff were 94.95% and 96.13%, respectively. The total accumulation of Cu in three plants was decreased in the order of alfalfa(283.07 mg) > ryegrass(157.14 mg) >bluegrass(57.39 mg). The total accumulation of Pb in all three plants was decreased in the order of alfalfa(20.32 mg) > ryegrass(16.64 mg) > bluegrass(4.53 mg). Alfalfa showed a good accumulation ability of Cu and Pb. Therefore,alfalfa buffer strip is the best for the removal of heavy metal Cu and Pb.
In order to study the effects of different herb buffer strips on the purification for copper(Cu) and lead(Pb)from typical non-point source pollutants, three kinds of herbaceous plants(alfalfa, Medicago sativa; bluegrass,Poapretensis; and ryegrass, Lolium perenne) were selected to construct shoreline buffer zones in an inland section of Harbin City. The results showed that the buffer zones constructed by single herbaceous plant had certain purification effects on Cu and Pb. Alfalfa buffer zone always maintained the best purification effect for Cu and Pb in all three stages of plant growth, and its average removal rates of Cu ion by percolation and runoff were 84.75% and 88.20%,respectively. The average removal rates of Pb by percolation and runoff were 94.95% and 96.13%, respectively. The total accumulation of Cu in three plants was decreased in the order of alfalfa(283.07 mg) > ryegrass(157.14 mg) >bluegrass(57.39 mg). The total accumulation of Pb in all three plants was decreased in the order of alfalfa(20.32 mg) > ryegrass(16.64 mg) > bluegrass(4.53 mg). Alfalfa showed a good accumulation ability of Cu and Pb. Therefore,alfalfa buffer strip is the best for the removal of heavy metal Cu and Pb.
引文
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[27]LI S,WANG J,GAO N,et al.The effects of Pantoea sp strain Y4-4 on alfalfa in the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil,and auxiliary impacts of plant residues on the remediation of saline-alkali soils[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2017,63(4):278-286.
[28]李致颖,韩旭,吕月玲.重金属铜污染土壤修复牧草植物选择研究[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(12):30-35.
[29]郭晓宏,朱广龙,魏学智.5种草本植物对土壤重金属铅的吸收、富集及转运[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):183-186.
[30]CHU Z,WANG X,WANG Y,et al.Effects of coal spoil amendment on heavy metal accumulation and physiological aspects of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)growing in copper mine tailings[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2018,190(361).
[31]梁雪,何萍,任颖,等.子牙河水系滨岸带植物群落结构及其与环境的关系[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):292-296.
[32]黄沈发,吴建强,唐浩,等.滨岸缓冲带对面源污染物的净化效果研究[J].水科学进展,2008,24(5):722-728.
[33]朱宝文,侯俊岭,严德行,等.草甸化草原优势牧草冷地早熟禾生长发育对气候变化的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(6):1525-1532.
[34]魏强,宋贺玲,向成斌,等.过量表达拟南芥HD-START转录因子AtHDG11提高黑麦草(Lolium perenne)抗旱性的初步研究[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(11):1140-1146.
[35]DONI S,MACCI C,PERUZZI E,et al.Heavy metal distribution in a sediment phytoremediation system at pilot scale[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81(27):146-157.
[36]张芳芳,赵立伟,苏亚勋,等.城市土壤重金属污染的大生物量植物修复技术研究进展[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(3):47-51.
[37]申时立,黎华寿,夏北成,等.大生物量植物治理重金属重度污染废弃地可行性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):572-578.
[38]美英,杨晓华,郭亚男,等.植物滞留系统草本植物对人工雨水中铅的富集及去除效果[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):158-161.
[39]WANG F,LI Y,ZHANG Q,et al.Phytoremediation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa):A study of different period[J].Bulgarian Chemical Communications,2015,47:167-172.
[40]潘新星,王明新,姚静波,等.EDTA和BR对黑麦草铅积累与耐性的调控作用[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1524-1530.
[41]朱光旭,肖化云,郭庆军,等.铅锌尾矿污染区3种菊科植物体内重金属的亚细胞分布和化学形态特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):3054-3060.
[42]张浩,陆宁,钱晓刚,等.重金属胁迫对烟草生理特性及其生物量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(11):25-29.
[43]王新,贾永锋.紫花苜蓿对土壤重金属富集及污染修复的潜力[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):932-935.
[2]ZAK D,GOLDHAMMER T,CABEZAS A,et al.Top soil removal reduces water pollution from phosphorus and dissolved organic matter and lowers methane emissions from rewetted peatlands[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,55(1):311-320.
[3]LI Y,HUANG S,QU X.Water Pollution Prediction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Countermeasures for Sustainable Development of the Water Environment[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(11):1307.
[4]陈冬霞,刘宏伟,梁红,等.几种草本植物对面源微污染重金属的净化能力[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(12):2500-2505.
[5]DING X,WANG S,JIANG G,et al.A simulation program on change trend of pollutant concentration under water pollution accidents and its application in Heshangshan drinking water source area[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,167:326-336.
[6]ZHANG C,WANG Y,SONG X,et al.An integrated specification for the nexus of water pollution and economic growth in China:Panel cointegration,long-run causality and environmental Kuznets curve[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,609:319-328.
[7]KALOGIANNI E,VOURKA A,KARAOUZAS I,et al.Combined effects of water stress and pollution on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in a Mediterranean intermittent river[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,603:639-650.
[8]NOORHOSSEINI S A,ALLAHYARI M S,DAMALAS C A,et al.Public environmental awareness of water pollution from urban growth:The case of Zarjub and Goharrud rivers in Rasht,Iran[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,599:2019-2025.
[9]张家泉,李秀,张全发,等.大冶湖滨岸带重金属水-土迁移特征与风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):194-201.
[10]ROSA D J,CLAUSEN J C,KUZOVKINA Y.Water quality changes in a short-rotation woody crop riparian buffer[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2017,107:370-375.
[11]YANG F,WANG Y,CHAN Z.Review of environmental conditions in the water level fluctuation zone:Perspectives on riparian vegetation engineering in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,2015,18(2):240-249.
[12]CARMONA-CHITE,CARRILLO-GONZALEZR,GONZALEZ-CHAVEZM D C A,et al.Riparian plants on mine runoff in Zimapan,Hidalgo,Mexico:Useful for phytoremediation?[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2016,18(9):861-868.
[13]BAI J,JIA J,ZHANG G,et al.Spatial and temporal dynamics of heavy metal pollution and source identification in sediment cores from the short-term flooding riparian wetlands in a Chinese delta[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:379-388.
[14]JUAREZ A,ARRIBERE M A,ARCAGNI M,et al.Heavy metal and trace elements in riparian vegetation and macrophytes associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia Andean Range[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(18):17995-18009.
[15]ZHANG G,BAI J,ZHAO Q,et al.Heavy metals pollution in soil profiles from seasonal-flooding riparian wetlands in a Chinese delta:Levels,distributions and toxic risks[J].Physics and Chemistry of The Earth,2017,97:54-61.
[16]LIU Y,WILLISON J H M,WAN P,et al.Mulberry trees conserved soil and protected water quality in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(6):5288-5295.
[17]YANG W,ZHANG T,LI S,et al.Metal removal from and microbial property improvement of a multiple heavy metals contaminated soil by phytoextraction with a cadmium hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii H.[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(8):1385-1396.
[18]THAKUR S,SINGH L,AB WAHID Z,et al.Plant-driven removal of heavy metals from soil:uptake,translocation,tolerance mechanism,challenges,and future perspectives[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(4):206.
[19]杨启良,武振中,陈金陵,等.植物修复重金属污染土壤的研究现状及其水肥调控技术展望[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):1075-1084.
[20]王立军,栗俊,张玉凤,等.应用ICP-MS直接测定近岸高盐排污口水样中重金属方法研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(2):172-174.
[21]陈新焕,肖家勇,易征璇,等.干灰化法前处理测定茶叶中铅的影响因素[J].光谱实验室,2012,29(5):2685-2688.
[22]陈小勇,曾宝强,陈利华.香港汀角红树植物、沉积物及双壳类动物重金属含量[J].中国环境科学,2003,24(5):33-37.
[23]郝婧,张婕,张沛沛,等.煤矸石场植被自然恢复初期草本植物生物量研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):51-60.
[24]朱剑飞,李铭红,谢佩君,等.紫花苜蓿、黑麦草和狼尾草对Cu、Pb复合污染土壤修复能力的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):303-313.
[25]马小丽.三种植物生长调节剂复配剂对盐胁迫下草地早熟禾生长的影响研究[D].北京林业大学,2016.
[26]江福英.湿地植物对磷与重金属去除的根际效应及机理研究[D].浙江大学,2017.
[27]LI S,WANG J,GAO N,et al.The effects of Pantoea sp strain Y4-4 on alfalfa in the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil,and auxiliary impacts of plant residues on the remediation of saline-alkali soils[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2017,63(4):278-286.
[28]李致颖,韩旭,吕月玲.重金属铜污染土壤修复牧草植物选择研究[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(12):30-35.
[29]郭晓宏,朱广龙,魏学智.5种草本植物对土壤重金属铅的吸收、富集及转运[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):183-186.
[30]CHU Z,WANG X,WANG Y,et al.Effects of coal spoil amendment on heavy metal accumulation and physiological aspects of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)growing in copper mine tailings[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2018,190(361).
[31]梁雪,何萍,任颖,等.子牙河水系滨岸带植物群落结构及其与环境的关系[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):292-296.
[32]黄沈发,吴建强,唐浩,等.滨岸缓冲带对面源污染物的净化效果研究[J].水科学进展,2008,24(5):722-728.
[33]朱宝文,侯俊岭,严德行,等.草甸化草原优势牧草冷地早熟禾生长发育对气候变化的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(6):1525-1532.
[34]魏强,宋贺玲,向成斌,等.过量表达拟南芥HD-START转录因子AtHDG11提高黑麦草(Lolium perenne)抗旱性的初步研究[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(11):1140-1146.
[35]DONI S,MACCI C,PERUZZI E,et al.Heavy metal distribution in a sediment phytoremediation system at pilot scale[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81(27):146-157.
[36]张芳芳,赵立伟,苏亚勋,等.城市土壤重金属污染的大生物量植物修复技术研究进展[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(3):47-51.
[37]申时立,黎华寿,夏北成,等.大生物量植物治理重金属重度污染废弃地可行性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(3):572-578.
[38]美英,杨晓华,郭亚男,等.植物滞留系统草本植物对人工雨水中铅的富集及去除效果[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):158-161.
[39]WANG F,LI Y,ZHANG Q,et al.Phytoremediation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa):A study of different period[J].Bulgarian Chemical Communications,2015,47:167-172.
[40]潘新星,王明新,姚静波,等.EDTA和BR对黑麦草铅积累与耐性的调控作用[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1524-1530.
[41]朱光旭,肖化云,郭庆军,等.铅锌尾矿污染区3种菊科植物体内重金属的亚细胞分布和化学形态特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):3054-3060.
[42]张浩,陆宁,钱晓刚,等.重金属胁迫对烟草生理特性及其生物量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(11):25-29.
[43]王新,贾永锋.紫花苜蓿对土壤重金属富集及污染修复的潜力[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):932-935.