水利工程对长江荆南三口水系连通功能变化的影响
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摘要
为了揭示荆南三口地区水利工程与水系连通功能的定量关系,基于1954、1975、1990、2008和2016年5期的水利工程与水系连通功能的相关数据,运用集对分析和相关分析等方法,定量评价了水利工程对长江荆南三口水系连通功能的影响,结果表明:1)区内外水利工程与多年日均径流保证率、河道断流率、输沙效率的相关系数(R2)均>0.5,皆达到显著性水平。2)自然功能3个模块的联系主值数基本呈下降趋势,但物质能量传递功能与生态维系功能下降尤为明显。1990年之前物质能量传递与生态维系功能处于一个较好的状态,1990年后这2项功能的等级已下降至"差";社会功能3个模块的联系主值数的变化各不相同。洪涝防御功能一直处于上升状态,而水资源调配功能和水能与水运资源利用功能都在1954—1990年呈下降趋势,1990年后,水资源调配功能逐渐回升,水能与水运资源利用功能持续下降。3)1954—2008年自然功能等级和综合功能等级都有所下降,直到2016年才稍有回升,但升幅较小,等级较低;社会功能等级在1954—1990年较低,2008年以后回升,且明显高于自然功能等级。
The aim of this study is to examine the quantitative relationship between hydrological projects and the functions of hydrologic connectivity. This investigation is based on the data of hydrological projects and hydrologic connectivity for 1954, 1975, 1990, 2008 and 2016, using set-pair and correlation analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effect of hydrological projects on hydrologic connectivity in the Southern Jing River. The results show that: 1) the correlation coefficient(R2) between the hydrological projects both inside and outside the region and the rate of cutoff, annual mean runoff and sediment runoff are determined to be above 0.5. This indicates a significant correlation between these factors. 2) The relative main value of the three modules of natural function presents a decreasing trend, especially the functions of material/energy interchange and ecology maintenance, which declined rapidly from an acceptable position to a "poor" level since 1990. The relative main values of the three modules of social function presented different trends. Throughout the study period, the function of flood prevention exhibits an increase while the function of transport and resource utilization shows a decrease. The function of water resource distribution initially decreases prior to 1990 followed by an increase after 1990. 3) The level of both natural function and comprehensive function exhibit a decrease during the period 1954-2008 and this situation did not reverse until 2016 during which a small increase was recognized while the level was still low. The level of social function was also low during 1954-1990. However, a significant increase was observed after 2008 and the level was much higher than that of the natural function.
The aim of this study is to examine the quantitative relationship between hydrological projects and the functions of hydrologic connectivity. This investigation is based on the data of hydrological projects and hydrologic connectivity for 1954, 1975, 1990, 2008 and 2016, using set-pair and correlation analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effect of hydrological projects on hydrologic connectivity in the Southern Jing River. The results show that: 1) the correlation coefficient(R2) between the hydrological projects both inside and outside the region and the rate of cutoff, annual mean runoff and sediment runoff are determined to be above 0.5. This indicates a significant correlation between these factors. 2) The relative main value of the three modules of natural function presents a decreasing trend, especially the functions of material/energy interchange and ecology maintenance, which declined rapidly from an acceptable position to a "poor" level since 1990. The relative main values of the three modules of social function presented different trends. Throughout the study period, the function of flood prevention exhibits an increase while the function of transport and resource utilization shows a decrease. The function of water resource distribution initially decreases prior to 1990 followed by an increase after 1990. 3) The level of both natural function and comprehensive function exhibit a decrease during the period 1954-2008 and this situation did not reverse until 2016 during which a small increase was recognized while the level was still low. The level of social function was also low during 1954-1990. However, a significant increase was observed after 2008 and the level was much higher than that of the natural function.
引文
陈菁,刘昭辰,陈丹,肖晨光,李建国,刘素芳.2016.基于数字图像处理的平原城镇河网分形特征研究.水资源与水工程学报,(6):31-38.[Chen Qing,Liu Zhaochen,Chen Dan,Xiao Chenguang,Li Jianguo and Liu Sufang.2016.Research on fractal characteristics of river network in plain town based on digital image processing.Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,(6):31-38.]
窦明,靳梦,张彦.2015.基于城市水功能需求的水系连通指标阈值研究.水利学报,46(9):1089-1096.[Dou Ming,Jin Meng and Zhang Yan.2015.Research on threshold value of water system connectivity index based on urban water function demand.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,46(9):1089-1096.]
窦明,靳梦,张彦.2015.基于城市水功能需求的水系连通指标阈值研究.水利学报,46(9):1089-1096.[Dou Ming,Jin Meng and Zhang Yan.2015.Research on the threshold of interconnected river system network's indexes based on demand of the city's water function.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,46(9):1089-1096.]
范林峰,胡瑞林,张小艳,王珊珊,袁延西.2012.基于GIS和DEM的水系三维分形计盒维数的计算.地理与地理信息科学,(6):28-30.[Fan Linfeng,Hu Ruilin,Zhang Xiaoyan,Wang Shanshan and Yuan Yanxi.2012.Calculation of dimensions of three-dimensional fractal box based on GIS and DEM.Geography and Geographic Information Science,(6):28-30.]
蒋云良,徐从富.2006.集对分析理论及其应用研究进展.计算机科学,(1):205-209.[Jiang Yunliang and Xu Congfu.2006.Research progress on set pair analysis theory and its application.Computer Science,(1):205-209.]
金勇,周建军,黄国鲜.2010.长江上游大型水库运行对长江上游水文过程的影响.水力发电学报,(2):94-101.[Jin Yong,Zhou Jianjun and Huang Guoxian.2010.The impact of large reservoir operation on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on hydrological processes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,(2):94-101.]
Lesschen J P,Schoorl J M and Cammeraat L H.2009.Modelling runoff and erosion for a semi-arid catchment using a multi-scale approach based on hydrological connectivity.Geomorphology,109(3):174-183.
李景保,何霞,杨波,王丹阳,王李娜,刘雯.2016.长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制.自然资源学报,31(10):1713-1725.[Li Jingbao,He Xia,Yang Bo,Wang Danyang,Wang Lina and Liu Wen.2016.Evolution characteristics of the three-time interruption of Jingnan in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its influencing mechanism.Journal of Natural Resources,31(10):1713-1725.]
李景保,罗中海,叶亚亚,杨波.2016.三峡水库运行对长江荆南三口水文和生态的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1285-1293.[Li Jingbao,Luo Zhonghai,Ye Yaya and Yang Bo.2016.Influence of three gorges reservoir operation on hydrology and ecology of three Jingnan in the Yangtze River.Journal of Applied Ecology,(4):1285-1293.]
李景保,钟一苇,周永强,黎昔春,朱辉.2013.三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响.自然资源学报,28(9):1583-1593.[Li Jingbao,Zhong Yiwei,Zhou Yongqiang,Li Xichun and Zhu Hui.2013.Influence of operation of three gorges reservoir on water resources development and utilization in northern area of Dongting Lake.Journal of Natural Resources,28(9):1583-1593.]
刘嘉夫.2007.同位网格下平面二维水沙数学模型的研究.西安:西安理工大学.[Liu Jiafu.2007.Research on mathematical model of two-dimensional water and sediment in the same grid.Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology.]
Pfister L,Fister L,Mcdonnell J J and Hissler C.2010.Ground-based thermal imagery as asimple,practical tool for mapping saturated area connectivity and dynamics.Hydrological Processes,24(21):3123-3132.
Phillips R W,Spence C and Pomeroy J W.2011.Connectivity and runoff dynamics in heterogeneous basins.Hydrological Processes,25(19):3061-3075.
靳梦,窦明.2013.城市化对水系连通功能影响评价研究--以郑州市为例.中国农村水利水电,(12):41-44,50.[JIN Meng and Dou Ming.2013.Study on the impact of urbanization on the connectivity function of water system-Taking Zhengzhou city as an example.China Rural Water and Hydropower,(12):41-44,50.]
渠庚,郭小虎,朱勇辉,刘亚.2012.三峡工程运用后荆江与洞庭湖关系变化分析.水力发电学报,(5):163-172.[Qu Geng,Guo Xiaohu,Zhu Yonghui and Liu Ya.2012.Analysis of the relationship between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake after the application of the three gorges project.Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,(5):163-172.]
Reid M A,Delong M D and Thorns M C.2012.The influence of hydrological connectivity on food web structure in floodplain lakes.River Research and Applications,28(7):827-844.
尚淑丽,顾正华,曹晓萌.2014.水利工程生态环境效应研究综述.水利水电科技进展,(1):14-19,48.[Shang Shuli,Gu Zhenghua and Cao Xiaomeng.2014.Summary of research on ecological environment effects of water conservancy projects.Progress in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Science and Technology,(1):14-19,48.]
邵玉龙,许有鹏,马爽爽.2012.太湖流域城市化发展下水系结构与河网连通变化分析--以苏州市中心区为例.长江流域资源与环境,(10):1167-1172.[Shao Yulong,Xu Youpeng and Ma Shuang shuang.2012.Change of river structure and stream network connectivity in the Taihu Lake basin under the urbanization development-a case study in urban Suzhou.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,(10):1167-1172.]
WHOLE.2012.Identifying and mitigating dam-induced declines in river health:three case studies from the western United State.International Journal of Sediment Research,27(3):271-287.
王延贵,史红玲,刘茜.2014.水库拦沙对长江水沙态势变化的影响.水科学进展,(4):467-476.[Wang Yangui,Shi Hongling and Liu Xi.2014.Influence of reservoir sand interception on water regime change of the Yangtze River.Progress in water science,(4):467-476.]
许继军,陈进,常福宣.2014.控制性水利工程对长江中下游水资源影响与对策.人民长江,(7):11-17,76.[Xu Jijvn,Chen Jin and Chang Fuxuan.2014.Impact of controlled water conservancy projects on water resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and countermeasures.People’s Yangtze River,(7):11-17,76.]
燕然然,蔡晓斌,王学雷,朱龙腾.2014.三峡工程对下荆江径流变化影响分析.长江流域资源与环境,(4):490-495.[Yan Ranran,Cai Xiaobin,Wang Xuelei and Zhu Longteng.2014.Analysis of the influence of the three gorges project on the runoff variation of the Jingjiang River.Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment,(4):490-495.]
于丹丹,杨波,李景保,何蒙,徐志.2017.近61年来长江荆南三口水系结构演变特征及其驱动因素分析.水资源与水工程学报,28(4):13-20.[Yu Dandan,Yang Bo,Li Jingbao,He Meng and Xu Zhi.2017.Structural evolution characteristics and driving factors of the three water systems in Jingnan,Changjiang River in recent 61years.Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,28(4):13-20.]
窦明,靳梦,张彦.2015.基于城市水功能需求的水系连通指标阈值研究.水利学报,46(9):1089-1096.[Dou Ming,Jin Meng and Zhang Yan.2015.Research on threshold value of water system connectivity index based on urban water function demand.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,46(9):1089-1096.]
窦明,靳梦,张彦.2015.基于城市水功能需求的水系连通指标阈值研究.水利学报,46(9):1089-1096.[Dou Ming,Jin Meng and Zhang Yan.2015.Research on the threshold of interconnected river system network's indexes based on demand of the city's water function.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,46(9):1089-1096.]
范林峰,胡瑞林,张小艳,王珊珊,袁延西.2012.基于GIS和DEM的水系三维分形计盒维数的计算.地理与地理信息科学,(6):28-30.[Fan Linfeng,Hu Ruilin,Zhang Xiaoyan,Wang Shanshan and Yuan Yanxi.2012.Calculation of dimensions of three-dimensional fractal box based on GIS and DEM.Geography and Geographic Information Science,(6):28-30.]
蒋云良,徐从富.2006.集对分析理论及其应用研究进展.计算机科学,(1):205-209.[Jiang Yunliang and Xu Congfu.2006.Research progress on set pair analysis theory and its application.Computer Science,(1):205-209.]
金勇,周建军,黄国鲜.2010.长江上游大型水库运行对长江上游水文过程的影响.水力发电学报,(2):94-101.[Jin Yong,Zhou Jianjun and Huang Guoxian.2010.The impact of large reservoir operation on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on hydrological processes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,(2):94-101.]
Lesschen J P,Schoorl J M and Cammeraat L H.2009.Modelling runoff and erosion for a semi-arid catchment using a multi-scale approach based on hydrological connectivity.Geomorphology,109(3):174-183.
李景保,何霞,杨波,王丹阳,王李娜,刘雯.2016.长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制.自然资源学报,31(10):1713-1725.[Li Jingbao,He Xia,Yang Bo,Wang Danyang,Wang Lina and Liu Wen.2016.Evolution characteristics of the three-time interruption of Jingnan in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its influencing mechanism.Journal of Natural Resources,31(10):1713-1725.]
李景保,罗中海,叶亚亚,杨波.2016.三峡水库运行对长江荆南三口水文和生态的影响.应用生态学报,27(4):1285-1293.[Li Jingbao,Luo Zhonghai,Ye Yaya and Yang Bo.2016.Influence of three gorges reservoir operation on hydrology and ecology of three Jingnan in the Yangtze River.Journal of Applied Ecology,(4):1285-1293.]
李景保,钟一苇,周永强,黎昔春,朱辉.2013.三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响.自然资源学报,28(9):1583-1593.[Li Jingbao,Zhong Yiwei,Zhou Yongqiang,Li Xichun and Zhu Hui.2013.Influence of operation of three gorges reservoir on water resources development and utilization in northern area of Dongting Lake.Journal of Natural Resources,28(9):1583-1593.]
刘嘉夫.2007.同位网格下平面二维水沙数学模型的研究.西安:西安理工大学.[Liu Jiafu.2007.Research on mathematical model of two-dimensional water and sediment in the same grid.Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology.]
Pfister L,Fister L,Mcdonnell J J and Hissler C.2010.Ground-based thermal imagery as asimple,practical tool for mapping saturated area connectivity and dynamics.Hydrological Processes,24(21):3123-3132.
Phillips R W,Spence C and Pomeroy J W.2011.Connectivity and runoff dynamics in heterogeneous basins.Hydrological Processes,25(19):3061-3075.
靳梦,窦明.2013.城市化对水系连通功能影响评价研究--以郑州市为例.中国农村水利水电,(12):41-44,50.[JIN Meng and Dou Ming.2013.Study on the impact of urbanization on the connectivity function of water system-Taking Zhengzhou city as an example.China Rural Water and Hydropower,(12):41-44,50.]
渠庚,郭小虎,朱勇辉,刘亚.2012.三峡工程运用后荆江与洞庭湖关系变化分析.水力发电学报,(5):163-172.[Qu Geng,Guo Xiaohu,Zhu Yonghui and Liu Ya.2012.Analysis of the relationship between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake after the application of the three gorges project.Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,(5):163-172.]
Reid M A,Delong M D and Thorns M C.2012.The influence of hydrological connectivity on food web structure in floodplain lakes.River Research and Applications,28(7):827-844.
尚淑丽,顾正华,曹晓萌.2014.水利工程生态环境效应研究综述.水利水电科技进展,(1):14-19,48.[Shang Shuli,Gu Zhenghua and Cao Xiaomeng.2014.Summary of research on ecological environment effects of water conservancy projects.Progress in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Science and Technology,(1):14-19,48.]
邵玉龙,许有鹏,马爽爽.2012.太湖流域城市化发展下水系结构与河网连通变化分析--以苏州市中心区为例.长江流域资源与环境,(10):1167-1172.[Shao Yulong,Xu Youpeng and Ma Shuang shuang.2012.Change of river structure and stream network connectivity in the Taihu Lake basin under the urbanization development-a case study in urban Suzhou.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,(10):1167-1172.]
WHOLE.2012.Identifying and mitigating dam-induced declines in river health:three case studies from the western United State.International Journal of Sediment Research,27(3):271-287.
王延贵,史红玲,刘茜.2014.水库拦沙对长江水沙态势变化的影响.水科学进展,(4):467-476.[Wang Yangui,Shi Hongling and Liu Xi.2014.Influence of reservoir sand interception on water regime change of the Yangtze River.Progress in water science,(4):467-476.]
许继军,陈进,常福宣.2014.控制性水利工程对长江中下游水资源影响与对策.人民长江,(7):11-17,76.[Xu Jijvn,Chen Jin and Chang Fuxuan.2014.Impact of controlled water conservancy projects on water resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and countermeasures.People’s Yangtze River,(7):11-17,76.]
燕然然,蔡晓斌,王学雷,朱龙腾.2014.三峡工程对下荆江径流变化影响分析.长江流域资源与环境,(4):490-495.[Yan Ranran,Cai Xiaobin,Wang Xuelei and Zhu Longteng.2014.Analysis of the influence of the three gorges project on the runoff variation of the Jingjiang River.Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment,(4):490-495.]
于丹丹,杨波,李景保,何蒙,徐志.2017.近61年来长江荆南三口水系结构演变特征及其驱动因素分析.水资源与水工程学报,28(4):13-20.[Yu Dandan,Yang Bo,Li Jingbao,He Meng and Xu Zhi.2017.Structural evolution characteristics and driving factors of the three water systems in Jingnan,Changjiang River in recent 61years.Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,28(4):13-20.]