某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究
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摘要
为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P<0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。
In order to explore the migration and transformation behavior of lead in soil-maize-atmosphere,the soil and maize in the farmland around an electrolytic lead plant were taken as research objects,and soil and maize samples at 50 m,110 m,300 m,500 m,700 m,900 m and 3 000 m from the exhaust vents were collected. The lead content and isotope ratio of soil,maize and atmospheric samples were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry( AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),respectively. The results show that the maize around the electrolytic lead plant is polluted by the lead plant,and the lead in the roots of maize mainly comes from the soil. It is very likely that the lead in the grain mostly comes from the atmosphere,and a small part comes from the soil. The lead in the stems probably comes from the soil rather than leaf transport. There is a significant correlation between the lead in the grains and the lead in the leaves( P<0.01).The correlation equation is y =-0.0002 x~2+0.0461 x-0.4643,R = 0.966 7.
In order to explore the migration and transformation behavior of lead in soil-maize-atmosphere,the soil and maize in the farmland around an electrolytic lead plant were taken as research objects,and soil and maize samples at 50 m,110 m,300 m,500 m,700 m,900 m and 3 000 m from the exhaust vents were collected. The lead content and isotope ratio of soil,maize and atmospheric samples were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry( AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),respectively. The results show that the maize around the electrolytic lead plant is polluted by the lead plant,and the lead in the roots of maize mainly comes from the soil. It is very likely that the lead in the grain mostly comes from the atmosphere,and a small part comes from the soil. The lead in the stems probably comes from the soil rather than leaf transport. There is a significant correlation between the lead in the grains and the lead in the leaves( P<0.01).The correlation equation is y =-0.0002 x~2+0.0461 x-0.4643,R = 0.966 7.
引文
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[2]ARAO T,ISHIKAWA S,MURAKAMI M,et al.Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and countermeasures in Japan[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2010,8(3):247-257.
[3]陈卫平,杨阳,谢天,等.中国农田土壤重金属污染防治挑战与对策[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):261-272.
[4]尚二平,许尔琪,张红旗,等.中国粮食主产区耕地土壤重金属时空变化与污染源分析[J].环境科学,2018,99(10):4670-4683.
[5]周川,姜和.土壤重金属污染危害及修复方法探究[J].绿色科技,2018,20:140-141.
[6]李小平,王继文,赵亚楠,等.城市土壤中铅地球化学过程与儿童铅暴露的关系[J].国外医学医学地理分册2016,37(2):85-92.
[7]于瑞莲,胡恭任.土壤中重金属污染源解析研究进展[J].有色金属,2008,60(4):158-165.
[8]肖承坤.我国铅污染现状分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(5):91-92.
[9]PENG B,TANG X Y,YU C X,et al.Geochemistry of trace metals and Pb isotopes of sediments from the lowermost Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province(P.R.China):Implications on sources of trace metals[J].Environmental Earth Science,2011,64(5):1455-1473.
[10]REIMANN C,FABIAN K,FLEM B,et al.Pb concentrations and isotope ratios of soil O and C horizons in NordTrndelag,central Norway:Anthropogenic or natural sources?[J].Applied Geochemistry,2016,74:56-66.
[11]谢伟城,彭渤,匡晓亮,等.湘江长潭株段河床沉积物重金属污染源的铅同位素地球化学示踪[J].地球化学,2017,46(4):380-394.
[12]赵多勇,魏益民,魏帅,等.基于铅同位素解析技术的土壤铅污染来源解析[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):329-333.
[13]CICCHELLA D,HOOGEWERFF J,ALBANESE S,et al.Distribution of toxic elements and transfer from the environment to humans traced by using lead isotopes.A case of study in the Sarno River basin,south Italy[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2016,38(2):619-637.
[14]BELAMRI M,BENRACHEDI K.Evaluation of air pollution by heavy metals on Bab EI Oued Zone of Algiers[J].Asian Journal of Chemistry,2010,22(4):2753-2760.
[15]林勇征,吴鹏盛.铅同位素示踪的研究现状[J].科技创新与应用,2016,28:60-61.
[16]孙境蔚,胡恭任.多元统计与铅同位素示踪解析旱地垂直剖面土壤中重金属来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2304-2312.
[17]WALRAVEN N,VAN OS B J H,KLAVER G T,et al.The lead(Pb)isotope signature,behavior and fate of trafficrelated lead pollution in roadside soils in The Netherlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472:888-900.
[18]KAYHANIAN M.Trend and concentrations of legacy lead(Pb)in highway runoff[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,160:169-177.
[19]ESCOBAR J,WHITMORE T J,KAMENOV G D,et al.I-sotope record of anthropogenic lead pollution in lake sediments of Florida,USA[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2013,49(2):237-252.
[20]WHITEHEAD K,RAMSEY M H,MASKALL J,et al.Determination of the extent of anthropogenic Pb migration through fractured sandstone using Pb isotope tracing[J].Applied Geochemistry,1997,12(1):75-81.
[21]陈好寿,斐辉东,张霄宇.杭州市区土壤铅、锶同位素示踪研究[J].浙江地质,1999,15(1):43-48.