苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6复合材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
以己内酰胺为单体,经热处理的苎麻纤维(RF)为增强材料,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)成功制备了苎麻纤维增强原位阴离子聚合尼龙6(APA6)复合材料。主要研究了热处理前后苎麻纤维表面官能团、结晶性能、力学性能和微观形貌的变化,并对复合材料的冲击断面、力学性能和热性能进行了考察。研究表明:当热处理温度为280℃时,苎麻纤维表面的羟基数量显著减少,结晶度略有降低,拉伸强度和模量有所下降,但苎麻纤维的形貌未有明显变化。RF/APA6复合材料中苎麻纤维与树脂的界面结合良好,与APA6相比,复合材料的拉伸强度略有提高,拉伸模量和弯曲性能得到明显提升,同时热稳定性显著提高。
In this paper,textile-ramie fiber(RF)reinforced anionic polyamide-6(APA6)composites were prepared successfully with the heat treated ramie fiber and caprolactam as monomer.The effects of the heat-treatment on the functional groups,the crystallization,the mechanical properties and the fracture morphology of the ramie fiber were studied.Meanwhile,the mechanical properties,thermal stability,as well as interfacial properties of the RF/APA6 composites were also investigated.The results showed that the hydroxyl groups covering on the ramie fiber surface decreased significantly,the crystallinity,the tensile strength and modulus decreased after the 280 ℃ heat-treatment,but no obvious changes in the morphology of the ramie fiber.The interfacial adhesion between the resin and the ramie fiber of the RF/APA6 composites was excellent.Compared with the neat APA6,the tensile strength of the composites increased slightly,while the tensile modulus,flexural property and the thermal stability were increased significantly.
In this paper,textile-ramie fiber(RF)reinforced anionic polyamide-6(APA6)composites were prepared successfully with the heat treated ramie fiber and caprolactam as monomer.The effects of the heat-treatment on the functional groups,the crystallization,the mechanical properties and the fracture morphology of the ramie fiber were studied.Meanwhile,the mechanical properties,thermal stability,as well as interfacial properties of the RF/APA6 composites were also investigated.The results showed that the hydroxyl groups covering on the ramie fiber surface decreased significantly,the crystallinity,the tensile strength and modulus decreased after the 280 ℃ heat-treatment,but no obvious changes in the morphology of the ramie fiber.The interfacial adhesion between the resin and the ramie fiber of the RF/APA6 composites was excellent.Compared with the neat APA6,the tensile strength of the composites increased slightly,while the tensile modulus,flexural property and the thermal stability were increased significantly.
引文
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20 Ruan Peiying.Experimental study on application of radio frequency and microwave heating into retting of flax straws[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2015.阮培英.射频和微波热处理应用于亚麻原茎脱胶的试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
2 Cheng Xiaochun,Yao Cheng.Studies on MC nylon modified with laurolactam[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Engineering and Technology),2004,4(4):61(in Chinese).程晓春,姚成.十二内酰胺改性铸型尼龙的研究[J].南京师范大学学报,2004,4(4):61.
3 Jiang Ying,Yang Guisheng,Wu Yucheng.Recent progress in modification of PA6via anionic polymerization[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2013,41(12):96(in Chinese).蒋英,杨桂生,吴玉程.阴离子聚合聚酰胺6改性研究的新进展[J].塑料科技,2013,41(12):96.
4 Hou L,Yang G.Morphology and thermal properties of MC PA6/ABS by in situ polymerization of e-caprolactam[J].Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,2005,206(18):1887.
5 Rusu G,Rusu E.Anionic nylon 6/TiO2 composite materials:Effects of TiO2filler on the thermal and mechanical behavior of the composites[J].Polymer Composites,2012,33(9):1557.
6 Rijswijk K V,Bersee H E N,Beukers A,et al.Optimisation of anionic polyamide-6for vacuum infusion of thermoplastic composites:Influence of polymerisation temperature on matrix properties[J].Polymer Testing,2006,25(3):392.
7 Rijswijk K V,Bersee H E N,Jagerb W F,et al.Optimisation of anionic polyamide-6for vacuum infusion of thermoplastic composites:Choice of activator and initiator[J].Composites Part A,2006,37:949.
8 Lin Jinqing,Huang Hai,Xu Xubo,et al.Synthesis and characterization of CF/MC nylon 6in-situ composites[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2006,27(1):92(in Chinese).林金清,黄海,徐旭波,等.碳纤维/MC尼龙6原位复合材料的制备与表征[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(1):92.
9 Tian Wenwei,Deng Xiangyun,Zhang Haitao,et al.Preparation of PA6/KF composite using in-situ polymerization[J].Plastics,2012,41(5):70(in Chinese).田文伟,邓湘云,张海涛,等.原位聚合法制备PA6/KF复合材料[J].塑料,2012,41(5):70.
10 Yang Yazhou,Tong Jin,Ma Yunhai,et al.Study on modification of jute fibers and mechanical properties of phenolic resin matrix composites reinforced with jute fibers[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2009,31(6):788(in Chinese).杨亚洲,佟金,马云海,等.改性黄麻纤维和酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(6):788.
11 Liang S,Nouril H,Lafranchel E.Thermo-compression forming of flax fibre-reinforced polyamide-6composites:Influence of the fibre thermal degradation on mechanical properties[J].Journal of Materials Science,2015,50(23):7660.
12 Ga1an P,Garbizu S,Llano-Ponte R,et al.Surface modification of sisal fibers:Effects on the mechanical and thermal properties of their epoxy composites[J].Polymer Composites,2005,26(2):121.
13 Zhou Nanting.Interfacial,structure and mechanical properties of ramie fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid)(PLA)composites[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2014.周楠婷.苎麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的界面、结构改进及其力学性能研究[D].上海:东华大学,2014.
14 Li S,Ren J,Yuan H,et al.Influence of ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ramie fiberreinforced poly(lactic acid)biocomposites[J].Polymer International,2010,59(2):242.
15 Segal L,Creely J,Martin A E J,et al.An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer[J].Textile Research Journal,1959,29(10):786.
16 Shen Hanzhi.Preparation and properties of heat-treated plant fiber/poly(lactic acid)composites[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.沈寒知.热处理植物纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的制备与性能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
17 Prasad N,Agarwal V K,Sinha S.Banana fiber reinforced low-density polyethylene composites:Effect of chemical treatment and compatibilizer addition[J].Iranian Polymer Journal,2016,25(3):229.
18 Jazaeri E,Tsuzuki T.Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the properties of carbonaceous nanofibers[J].Cellulose,2013,20(2):707.
19 Wada M,Okano T.Localization of Iαand Iβphases in algal cellulose revealed by acid treatments[J].Cellulose,2001,8(3):183.
20 Ruan Peiying.Experimental study on application of radio frequency and microwave heating into retting of flax straws[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2015.阮培英.射频和微波热处理应用于亚麻原茎脱胶的试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.