湿陷性黄土地区一种雨水收集装置——埋深对变形影响的试验研究
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摘要
黄土地区城市建设,地面雨水集中补充地下的过程中极易诱发黄土湿陷,产生局部不均匀沉降,引起地面塌陷并威胁周边建筑物安全。针对湿陷性黄土地区城市建设,设计了一种路面雨水收集补充地下水系统,采用透水混凝土转移雨水,利用土工膜和三七灰土的弱透水性阻止雨水与湿陷性土层接触,通过蓄水结构收集、存储雨水,多余水量过滤后经砂井导入地下,以削弱雨洪峰值,避免湿陷和土壤干化等问题。根据现场试验,研究了砂井埋深与变形的关系,得出较大埋深可以减缓水分到达土体的时间,同时减少变形的结论,从而服务于黄土地区海绵城市建设。
The process of urbanization changes the conditions of infiltration of the original ground, causing the problems of urban waterlogging and dry groundwater. Sponge City is to make full use of the functions of building, roads, green spaces and water systems to absorb, store and release rainwater. It can achieve natural accumulation, infiltration and purification by effectively control surface runoff. To develop sponge city in the loess area will face local loess collapsibility caused by concentrative infiltration, result in collapse and uneven settlement, and threaten the safety of surrounding buildings. Based on the theory of transferring adhesive water and the principle of soil water potential, a rainwater harvesting and drainage system is designed to adapt to the application of the Loess area, which can use porous concrete to transfer rainwater. Simultaneously, the weak permeability of geomembrane and the lime soil is used to prevent rainwater infiltrating into collapsible soil strata. Then storage structure collect rainwater, the rest of quantity is filtered and then drain off by drainage structure to reduce the peak of rain and to avoid problems such as collapsibility and soil drying. According to the field test, the relationship between the deep and deformation of the sand well was studies, which shows that the larger burial depth can slow down the time of water to reach the soil,and reduce the deformation.
The process of urbanization changes the conditions of infiltration of the original ground, causing the problems of urban waterlogging and dry groundwater. Sponge City is to make full use of the functions of building, roads, green spaces and water systems to absorb, store and release rainwater. It can achieve natural accumulation, infiltration and purification by effectively control surface runoff. To develop sponge city in the loess area will face local loess collapsibility caused by concentrative infiltration, result in collapse and uneven settlement, and threaten the safety of surrounding buildings. Based on the theory of transferring adhesive water and the principle of soil water potential, a rainwater harvesting and drainage system is designed to adapt to the application of the Loess area, which can use porous concrete to transfer rainwater. Simultaneously, the weak permeability of geomembrane and the lime soil is used to prevent rainwater infiltrating into collapsible soil strata. Then storage structure collect rainwater, the rest of quantity is filtered and then drain off by drainage structure to reduce the peak of rain and to avoid problems such as collapsibility and soil drying. According to the field test, the relationship between the deep and deformation of the sand well was studies, which shows that the larger burial depth can slow down the time of water to reach the soil,and reduce the deformation.
引文
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[23]郭勇涛,辛金元,李江萍,等. 2010年兰州市降雨化学成分特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):546-551.
[24]白凤龙.世界最厚的黄土地层——兰州西津村黄土剖面研究[J].地质评论,1987,33(2):188-191.
[25]陶虎,万冰清,翟近尧,等.一种路面雨水收集生态系统[P]. ZL201720094601.2,2017.
[26]张彬鸿,李家科,李亚娇.低影响开发(LID)透水铺装技术研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(4):137-142.
[2] CHEN H,SHAO M,LI Y. Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Geoderma,2008,143(1/2):91-100.
[3] Water Environment Federation. Design of urban stormwater controls[M]. New York:McGraw Hill,2012.
[4]廖朝轩,江育铨.都市水环境与雨水利用计划[J].台湾环境与土地,2014,2(2):50-59.
[5]廖朝轩,高爱国,黄恩浩.国外雨水管理对我国海绵城市建设的启示[J].水资源保护,2016,32(1):43-45.
[6] National Research Council. Urban stormwater management in the United States[M]. New York:The National Academics Press,2009.
[7] LIAW Chaohsien,TSAI Y L,CHENG M S. Hydrologic analysis of distributed small-scale stormwater control systems[J]. Journal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering,2005,23(1):1-12.
[8]住房城乡建设部.海绵城市建设技术指南:低影响开发雨水系统构建(试行)[R].北京:住房城乡建设部,2014.
[9]国务院办公厅.关于推进海绵城市建设的指导意见[R].北京:国务院办公厅,2015.
[10]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.
[11]鞠茂森.关于海绵城市建设理念、技术和政策问题的思考[J].水利发展研究,2015,3(3):7-10.
[12]唐双成,罗纨,贾忠华,等.填料及降雨特征对雨水花园削减径流及实现海绵城市建设目标的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):73-78.
[13]王根绪,程国栋,徐中民.中国西北干旱区水资源利用及其生态环境问题[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(2):109-115.
[14]陆垂裕,孙青言,李慧,等.基于水循环模拟的干旱半干旱地区地下水补给评价[J].水利学报,2014,45(6):701-709.
[15]左其亭.我国海绵城市建设中的水科学难题[J].水资源保护,2016,32(4):21-26.
[16]佘雄飞,谢定义.超湿陷黄土及其湿陷特性[J].西安理工大学学报,1996,12(2):133-137.
[17]杨小利.陇东黄土高原土壤水分演变及其对气候变化的响应[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(2):305-310.
[18]张长亮,李萍,李同录,等.黄土中降雨入渗规律的现场监测研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(6):728-732.
[19]邵生俊,于清高,王婷,等.深厚湿陷性黄土地基综合整治新技术研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(12):77-82.
[20]谢定义.论述我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):3-12.
[21]侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):71-75.
[22]刘安,管运涛,刘梁.流域与降雨特征对城区径流水质的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(7):846-852.
[23]郭勇涛,辛金元,李江萍,等. 2010年兰州市降雨化学成分特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(4):546-551.
[24]白凤龙.世界最厚的黄土地层——兰州西津村黄土剖面研究[J].地质评论,1987,33(2):188-191.
[25]陶虎,万冰清,翟近尧,等.一种路面雨水收集生态系统[P]. ZL201720094601.2,2017.
[26]张彬鸿,李家科,李亚娇.低影响开发(LID)透水铺装技术研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(4):137-142.