葫芦岛沿岸海陆风特征及其环境效应
|
摘要
利用葫芦岛观测站1980—2009年观测资料,分析了葫芦岛沿岸海陆风风速的季节特征和日变化规律,以及海陆风环流对沿岸环境的影响。结论如下:1)葫芦岛站点在冬季出现海陆风日数最多,其他依次为秋季、夏季和春季。陆风风速从春季到冬季呈现递减趋势;海风在春季最大,其次为秋季的,冬季的最小。总体上,海陆风日中海风要强于陆风。2)对海陆风风速椭圆拟合结果表明,海陆风在10:32由陆风转化为海风,海风在16:32达到最大,在21:42由海风转化为陆风,陆风在04:32达到最大。3)由于海风的存在,沿岸地带在春夏两季日最高气温在12时出现,秋冬季的在13时出现。4)能见度日变化在四季中表现一致,早晨能见度转好的时刻比最低气温出现时刻滞后约2 h,在海风维持较长时间后空气绝对湿度增加导致能见度开始转差。5)冬季静止型海陆风日比例最高,再循环型海陆风日在秋季出现最多,而夏季通风型海陆风日出现最多。
Using observation data at Huludao weather station from 1980 to 2009, the seasonal characteristics and diurnal variation of wind speed about Land Sea Breeze(LSB) were researched, and the impacts of LSB circulation on coastal environment were also discussed. The results showed as follows. 1) The day number of LSB occurring at Huludao station was the highest in winter, and decreased monotonically in autumn, summer and spring. The wind speed of land breeze showed a diminishing trend from spring to winter, however, the wind speed of sea breeze was the largest in spring, secondary in autumn and minimal in winter. Generally, sea breeze was stronger than land breeze in LSB day. 2)Ellipse fitting of LSB implied that land breeze converted to sea breeze at 10:32 and sea breeze reached its maximal value at 16:32. Similarly, sea breeze converted to land breeze at 21:42 and land breeze reached its maximal value at 04:32. 3)Because of the sea breeze, the daily maximum temperature at coastal area occurred at 12:00 in spring and summer, while at 13:00 in autumn and winter. 4)The diurnal variation of visibility showed the same in all seasons. The improving time of visibility was about 2 hours behind the daily minimum temperature, the increasing of moisture resulting from sea breeze led to degrade of visibility. 5)The percentage of LSB in stagnation type was the highest in winter, recirculation type was the highest in autumn, while ventilation type was the highest in summer.
Using observation data at Huludao weather station from 1980 to 2009, the seasonal characteristics and diurnal variation of wind speed about Land Sea Breeze(LSB) were researched, and the impacts of LSB circulation on coastal environment were also discussed. The results showed as follows. 1) The day number of LSB occurring at Huludao station was the highest in winter, and decreased monotonically in autumn, summer and spring. The wind speed of land breeze showed a diminishing trend from spring to winter, however, the wind speed of sea breeze was the largest in spring, secondary in autumn and minimal in winter. Generally, sea breeze was stronger than land breeze in LSB day. 2)Ellipse fitting of LSB implied that land breeze converted to sea breeze at 10:32 and sea breeze reached its maximal value at 16:32. Similarly, sea breeze converted to land breeze at 21:42 and land breeze reached its maximal value at 04:32. 3)Because of the sea breeze, the daily maximum temperature at coastal area occurred at 12:00 in spring and summer, while at 13:00 in autumn and winter. 4)The diurnal variation of visibility showed the same in all seasons. The improving time of visibility was about 2 hours behind the daily minimum temperature, the increasing of moisture resulting from sea breeze led to degrade of visibility. 5)The percentage of LSB in stagnation type was the highest in winter, recirculation type was the highest in autumn, while ventilation type was the highest in summer.
引文
[1]邱晓暖,范绍仕.海陆风研究进展与我国沿海三地海陆风主要特征[J].气象,39(2):186-193.
[2]童志明,施萧,冯箫.一次海风锋天气过程分析与数值模拟[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):109-114.
[3]Miller S T K,Keim B D,Talbot R W,et al.Sea breeze:Structure,forecasting,and impacts [J].Reviews of Geophysics,2003,41(3):1-31.
[4]林长城,吴滨,陈彬彬,等.海峡西岸海陆风特征及对大气污染物浓度影响[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(6):56-60.
[5]李明华,范绍佳,王宝民,等.2004年10月珠江口西岸海陆风特征观测研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(2):123-125.
[6]李明华,范绍佳,王宝民,等.秋季珠江口地区海风对城市群空气污染的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(4):114-121.
[7]王玉国,吴增茂,常志清.辽东湾西岸海陆风特征分析[J].海洋预报,2004,21(3):57-63.
[8]王玉国,吴增茂,常志清,等.辽东湾西岸三维海陆风特征的数值模拟[J].海洋预报,2009,26(3):12-21.
[9]高佳琦,苗峻峰,许启慧.海陆风识别方法研究进展[J].气象科技,2013,41(1):97-102.
[10]Azorin-Molina C,Martin-Vide J.Methodological approach to the study of the daily persistence of the sea breeze in Alicant(Spain)[J].Atmósfera,2007,20(1):57-81.
[11]薛德强,郑全岺,钱喜镇,等.龙口的海风及其影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,1995(3):1-9.
[12]Haurwitz B.Comments on the sea-breeze circulation [J].Journal of Meteorology,1947,4:1-8.
[13]Schmidt F H.An elementary theory of the land- and sea-breeze circulation [J].Journal of Meteorology,1947,4:9-15.
[14]Alpert P,Kusuda M,Abe N.Anticlockwise rotation,eccentricity and tilt angle of the wind hodograph.Part II:An observational study [J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1984,41:3568-3583.
[15]Allwine K J,Whiteman C D.Single-station integral measures of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation [J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(4):713-721.
[16]Venegas L E,Mazzeo N A.Atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation potential of several sites in Argentina [J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,52:43-57.
[17]Levy I,Dyan U,Mahrer I.A five-year study of coastal recirculation and its effect on air pollutants over the East Mediterranean region [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113:16121.
[18]Pérez I A,Sánchez M L,García M á,et al.Relationship between CO2 at a rural site and integral measures of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation,and ventilation [J].Naturwissenschaften,2011,98:565-574.
[19]Kumar D,Kumar A,Kumar V,et al.Study of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation potential at Narora Atomic Power Station NPP site [J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(4):2887-2894.
[20]Al-Khadouri A,Al-Yahyai S,Charabi Y.Contribution of atmospheric processes to the degradation of air quality:Case study (Sohar Industrial Area,Oman) [J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(3):1623-1633.
[21]Lee S H,Park G Y,Chang L S,et al.Behavior of air particles associated with atmospheric recirculation over complex coastal area[J].Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2015,51(4):311-322.
[22]Crosman E T,Horel J D.Winter Lake Breezes near the Great Salt Lake [J].Boundary Layer Meteorology,2016,159(2):439-464.
[23]于恩红.海陆风及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1997.
[24]邱粲,王静,王栋成,等.济南章丘大气边界层风温场特征研究[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(2):36-41.
[25]周莉,周慧,杨云芸,等.2014年秋季长株潭城市群一次典型霾污染天气过程的气象特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):39-46.
[2]童志明,施萧,冯箫.一次海风锋天气过程分析与数值模拟[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):109-114.
[3]Miller S T K,Keim B D,Talbot R W,et al.Sea breeze:Structure,forecasting,and impacts [J].Reviews of Geophysics,2003,41(3):1-31.
[4]林长城,吴滨,陈彬彬,等.海峡西岸海陆风特征及对大气污染物浓度影响[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(6):56-60.
[5]李明华,范绍佳,王宝民,等.2004年10月珠江口西岸海陆风特征观测研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(2):123-125.
[6]李明华,范绍佳,王宝民,等.秋季珠江口地区海风对城市群空气污染的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(4):114-121.
[7]王玉国,吴增茂,常志清.辽东湾西岸海陆风特征分析[J].海洋预报,2004,21(3):57-63.
[8]王玉国,吴增茂,常志清,等.辽东湾西岸三维海陆风特征的数值模拟[J].海洋预报,2009,26(3):12-21.
[9]高佳琦,苗峻峰,许启慧.海陆风识别方法研究进展[J].气象科技,2013,41(1):97-102.
[10]Azorin-Molina C,Martin-Vide J.Methodological approach to the study of the daily persistence of the sea breeze in Alicant(Spain)[J].Atmósfera,2007,20(1):57-81.
[11]薛德强,郑全岺,钱喜镇,等.龙口的海风及其影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,1995(3):1-9.
[12]Haurwitz B.Comments on the sea-breeze circulation [J].Journal of Meteorology,1947,4:1-8.
[13]Schmidt F H.An elementary theory of the land- and sea-breeze circulation [J].Journal of Meteorology,1947,4:9-15.
[14]Alpert P,Kusuda M,Abe N.Anticlockwise rotation,eccentricity and tilt angle of the wind hodograph.Part II:An observational study [J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1984,41:3568-3583.
[15]Allwine K J,Whiteman C D.Single-station integral measures of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation [J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(4):713-721.
[16]Venegas L E,Mazzeo N A.Atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation potential of several sites in Argentina [J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,52:43-57.
[17]Levy I,Dyan U,Mahrer I.A five-year study of coastal recirculation and its effect on air pollutants over the East Mediterranean region [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113:16121.
[18]Pérez I A,Sánchez M L,García M á,et al.Relationship between CO2 at a rural site and integral measures of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation,and ventilation [J].Naturwissenschaften,2011,98:565-574.
[19]Kumar D,Kumar A,Kumar V,et al.Study of atmospheric stagnation,recirculation and ventilation potential at Narora Atomic Power Station NPP site [J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(4):2887-2894.
[20]Al-Khadouri A,Al-Yahyai S,Charabi Y.Contribution of atmospheric processes to the degradation of air quality:Case study (Sohar Industrial Area,Oman) [J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(3):1623-1633.
[21]Lee S H,Park G Y,Chang L S,et al.Behavior of air particles associated with atmospheric recirculation over complex coastal area[J].Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2015,51(4):311-322.
[22]Crosman E T,Horel J D.Winter Lake Breezes near the Great Salt Lake [J].Boundary Layer Meteorology,2016,159(2):439-464.
[23]于恩红.海陆风及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1997.
[24]邱粲,王静,王栋成,等.济南章丘大气边界层风温场特征研究[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(2):36-41.
[25]周莉,周慧,杨云芸,等.2014年秋季长株潭城市群一次典型霾污染天气过程的气象特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):39-46.