太湖流域水敏性与建设用地扩张的关联评价
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摘要
水是流域空间管理最重要也是最敏感的要素,流域不同区段的水敏性差异会对建设用地扩张形成不同的限制性影响。从流域空间综合管理的视角出发,尝试从水资源、水生态、水环境、水灾害4个方面构建流域水敏性分区评价指标及方法,以太湖流域为例开展基于小流域单元的水敏性评价,并采用1985、1995、2007、2017年4个典型年份的土地利用数据,刻画了过去30余年太湖流域建设用地扩张与水敏性之间的关联关系。研究表明:(1)1985～1995年间,太湖流域建设用地扩张与水敏性基本上没有关联,高水敏区建设用地扩展强度最高;(2)1995～2007年间,空间扩张与水敏性的关联性增强,建设用地扩展强度随水敏性增强而下降,扩展强度较大区域以低水敏区域为主;(3)2007～2017年,建设用地扩展强度显著提升,拓展空间主要布局在低水敏区域,水敏性对空间扩张的约束性在增强;(4)虽然太湖流域水敏性对建设用地扩张的限制作用在提升,但二者关联度还不够高,水敏性还没有成为建设用地扩张的关键约束。研究结果可为协调流域经济社会发展与资源环境关系、制定适应水敏性的空间管理政策提供科学依据。
Water is the most important and sensitive factor in watershed spatial management, and the water sensitivity difference in different sections of the basin will have different restrictive effects on the expansion of construction land. From the perspective of integrated watershed spatial management, this paper attempts to construct watershed water sensitivity regionalization evaluation indexes and methods from four aspects: water resources, water ecology, water environment and water disasters. Taking Taihu Lake basin as a case, water sensitivity evaluation based on small watershed units is carried out. Based on the land use data of 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2017, the correlation between construction land expansion and water sensitivity in Taihu Lake basin in the past 30 years is depicted. The research shows that: ①From 1985 to 1995, the expansion of construction land in Taihu Lake Basin was basically not related to water sensitivity, and the construction land in high water sensitive area has the highest expansion intensity; ②From 1995 to 2007, the correlation between spatial expansion and water sensitivity was enhanced, the expansion intensity of construction land decreased with the increase of water sensitivity, and the area with larger expansion intensity was dominated by low water sensitivity area; ③From 2007 to 2017, the expansion intensity of construction land has been significantly improved. The expansion space is mainly distributed in low-water sensitive areas, and the restriction of water sensitivity on spatial expansion was increasing; ④Although the restriction of water sensitivity on the expansion of construction land is increasing,the correlation between them is not high enough, and the water sensitivity has not become a key constraint on construction land expansion. The research results of this paper can provide a scientific basis for coordinating the relationship between socio-economic development and resource environment in the basin and formulating spatial management policies for adapting to water sensitivity.
Water is the most important and sensitive factor in watershed spatial management, and the water sensitivity difference in different sections of the basin will have different restrictive effects on the expansion of construction land. From the perspective of integrated watershed spatial management, this paper attempts to construct watershed water sensitivity regionalization evaluation indexes and methods from four aspects: water resources, water ecology, water environment and water disasters. Taking Taihu Lake basin as a case, water sensitivity evaluation based on small watershed units is carried out. Based on the land use data of 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2017, the correlation between construction land expansion and water sensitivity in Taihu Lake basin in the past 30 years is depicted. The research shows that: ①From 1985 to 1995, the expansion of construction land in Taihu Lake Basin was basically not related to water sensitivity, and the construction land in high water sensitive area has the highest expansion intensity; ②From 1995 to 2007, the correlation between spatial expansion and water sensitivity was enhanced, the expansion intensity of construction land decreased with the increase of water sensitivity, and the area with larger expansion intensity was dominated by low water sensitivity area; ③From 2007 to 2017, the expansion intensity of construction land has been significantly improved. The expansion space is mainly distributed in low-water sensitive areas, and the restriction of water sensitivity on spatial expansion was increasing; ④Although the restriction of water sensitivity on the expansion of construction land is increasing,the correlation between them is not high enough, and the water sensitivity has not become a key constraint on construction land expansion. The research results of this paper can provide a scientific basis for coordinating the relationship between socio-economic development and resource environment in the basin and formulating spatial management policies for adapting to water sensitivity.
引文
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[2] 陈雯.流域土地利用分区空间管制研究与初步实践——以太湖流域为例 [J].湖泊科学,2012,24 (1):1-8.CHEN W.Research and preliminary practical exploration of land use zoning and spatial governance of river basin:A case study of Taihu Basin [J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24 (1):1-8.
[3] 孙伟.太湖流域空间开发适宜性分区与失衡性评估 [J].湖泊科学,2012,24 (1):9-16.SUN W.Regionalization of spatial development suitability and evaluation of spatial unbalance in Taihu Basin [J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24 (1):9-16.
[4] 王艳君,吕宏军,施雅风,等.城市化流域的土地利用变化对水文过程的影响——以秦淮河流域为例 [J].自然资源学报,2009,24 (1):30-36.WANG Y J,LV H J,SI Y F,et al.Impacts of land use changes on hydrological processes in an urbanized basin:A case study in the Qinhuai river basin [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24 (1):30-36.
[5] 孙伟,陈雯,陈诚.水环境协同约束分区与产业布局引导研究——以江苏省为例 [J].地理学报,2010,65 (7):819-827.SUN W,CHEN W,CHEN C.Study on cooperative constraint regionalization of water environment and the guidance for industrial distribution:A case study of Jiangsu province [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65 (7):819-827.
[6] WHELANS,MAUNSELL H G.Planning and management guidelines for water sensitive urban (Residential) design [R].The Water Authority of Western Australia and the Environmental Protection Authority,1994.
[7] 刘颂,李春晖.澳大利亚水敏性城市转型历程及其启示 [J].风景园林,2016(6):104-111.LIU S,LI C H.Transition process of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia and its enlightenment [J].Landscape Architecture,2016(6):104-111.
[8] BRINCKERHOFF P.Water sensitive urban design guidelines [J].Gold Coast,2005,14 (2):1391-1400.
[9] 何培根,张成.基于水敏性城市设计的雨洪管理实践及启示——以墨尔本为例 [C].中国城市规划年会,2016.HE P G,ZHANG C.Rainwater management practice based on water sensitivity urban design and its enlightenment:A case study of Melbourne [C].Urban Planning Society of China,2016.
[10] LLOYD S D,WONG T H F,CHESTERFIELD C J.Water Sensitive Urban Design:A Stormwater Management Perspective [J].Catchment Hydrology,2002.
[11] WONG T H F.Water sensitive urban design:The journey thus far [J].Australian Journal of Water Resources,2006,10 (3):213-222.
[12] ASHLEY R,LIAN L,WARD S,et al.Water-sensitive urban design:Opportunities for the UK [J].Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Municipal Engineer,2013,166 (2):65-76.
[13] LOW CHOY D.Join-up Metropolitan planning:State and local governments ‘rowing in the same direction’:An australian case study [C].10th IACP Conference “Governance and Planning in Transitional China”,Beijing,2016.
[14] 彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域水安全格局构建:研究进展及概念框架 [J].生态学报,2016,36 (11):3137-3145.PENG J,ZHAO H J,LIU Y X,et al.Progress and conceptual framework of regional water security pattern construction [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36 (11):3137-3145.
[15] 鲍超,贺东梅.京津冀城市群水资源开发利用的时空特征与政策启示 [J].地理科学进展,2017,36 (1):58-67.BAO C,HE D M.Spatiotemporal characteristics of water resources exploitation and policy implications in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration [J].Progress in Geography,2017,36 (1):58-67.
[16] 张远,高欣,林佳宁,等.流域水生态安全评估方法 [J].环境科学研究,2016,29 (10):1393-1399.ZHANG Y,GAO X,LIN J N,et al.Research on evaluation methods for riverine aquatic ecological security [J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29 (10):1393-1399.
[17] 张昌顺,谢高地,鲁春霞.中国水环境容量紧缺度与区域功能的相互作用 [J].资源科学,2009,31 (4):559-565.ZHANG C S,XIE G D,LU C X.Research on scarcity degree of Chinese water environment capacity and its interactions with regional function [J].Resources Science,2009,31 (4):559-565.
[18] 孙伟.空间功能分区理论、方法与应用实践 [M].科学出版社,2013.SUN W.Spatial function division theory,method and application practice[M].Science Press,2013.
[19] 张红举,石亚东,徐兆安,等.2016太湖健康状况报告[R/OL].上海:水利部太湖流域管理局,2017.http:// www.tba.gov.cn/contents145114731.html