2017年长沙特大洪涝灾害分析
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摘要
2017年长沙市发生有气象记录以来最强降雨,城市遭遇严重的洪水及内涝灾害。为提高灾害评估的精确性和系统性,针对2017年长沙市特大洪涝灾害,从区域调蓄空间、防洪排涝设施系统、应急管理水平三方面开展综合评估分析。根据评估结果,城市快速扩张过程中对自然调蓄空间的侵占、当前防洪及排涝设施能级不足以及缺乏系统化和信息化的应急管理体系是长沙在面临极端强降水事件时防灾能力不足并导致受损严重的主要原因。
In 2017,the strongest rainfall occurred in Changsha since the meteorological records,and the city suffered severe floods and waterlogging disasters. In order to improve the accuracy and systematicness of disaster assessment,and strengthen the scientific basis for future decision making of disaster prevention and reduction in Changsha,we comprehensively evaluated and analyzed the flood disaster in Changsha in 2017 from regional storage space,flood control facilities,and emergency management. According to the assessment results,the encroachment of natural storage space in the process of rapid urban expansion,the insufficient level of flood control facilities and drainage facilities,and the lack of an systematized and information-based emergency management system are the main reason for 2017 flood disaster in Changsha,which is lack of disaster prevention capability and suffering serious damage when facing extreme heavy rainfall events.
In 2017,the strongest rainfall occurred in Changsha since the meteorological records,and the city suffered severe floods and waterlogging disasters. In order to improve the accuracy and systematicness of disaster assessment,and strengthen the scientific basis for future decision making of disaster prevention and reduction in Changsha,we comprehensively evaluated and analyzed the flood disaster in Changsha in 2017 from regional storage space,flood control facilities,and emergency management. According to the assessment results,the encroachment of natural storage space in the process of rapid urban expansion,the insufficient level of flood control facilities and drainage facilities,and the lack of an systematized and information-based emergency management system are the main reason for 2017 flood disaster in Changsha,which is lack of disaster prevention capability and suffering serious damage when facing extreme heavy rainfall events.
引文
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[13]周慧,朱国强,禹伟,等.湖南2008年极端冰冻特大灾害成因分析及影响评估[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):80-85.
[14]张桂香,霍治国,吴立,等.1961-2010年长江中下游地区农业洪涝灾害时空变化[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1097-1108.
[2]史培军,王静爱,周俊华,等.中国水灾风险综合管理——平衡大都市区水灾致灾强度与脆弱性[J].自然灾害学报,2004(4):1-7.
[3]赵越,张白石.我国沿海城市极端天气洪涝灾害的防灾对策调查与思考[J].建筑与文化,2017(11):175-177.
[4]蒋仁梅.《明实录》中的湖南自然灾害研究[J].湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版),2007(3):135-138.
[5]潘志祥.长沙洪涝分析及防灾减灾对策思考[J].湖南水利水电,2000(3):34-36.
[6]靳羽东.长沙城区河流景观生态安全问题与理性化设计[D].湖南农业大学,2008.
[7]周之灿,恭映璧,张天绚.近60年长沙城市湿地变化及保护对策的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(12):31-37.
[8]卢岳华.综合治理长沙水患的思考[J].湖湘论坛,1999(6):8-9.
[9]夏甜,韩冰.洞庭湖区堤垸景观分析——以民主垸为例[J].建筑与文化,2017(2):181-183.
[10]陈建,李义天,孙昭华,等.洞庭湖区退垸还湖的防洪效应[J].水电能源科学,2004(2):26-29.
[11]吉红霞,吴桂平,刘元波.近百年来洞庭湖堤垸空间变化及成因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(4):566-572.
[12]姜加虎,黄群.洞庭湖淤积、围垦对湖区江湖洪水影响的模拟[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006(5):584-587.
[13]周慧,朱国强,禹伟,等.湖南2008年极端冰冻特大灾害成因分析及影响评估[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):80-85.
[14]张桂香,霍治国,吴立,等.1961-2010年长江中下游地区农业洪涝灾害时空变化[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1097-1108.