他人特质与行为间联系的自动化程度对跨期决策的影响
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摘要
本研究采用组词成句任务来启动被试对他人特质的认识,并采用外在情感西蒙任务对启动效果进行验证。在跨期决策任务中为被试呈现具有不同特质的他人的选择偏好,旨在探讨他人的特质与其表现出的行为之间联系的自动化程度对被试选择偏好的影响。结果发现,相比"目光短浅"他人选择延迟奖励、"目光长远"他人选择即时奖励,当"目光短浅"他人选择即时奖励、"目光长远"他人选择延迟奖励时,被试更加倾向于选择延迟奖励。研究表明,个体的选择偏好会受到他人的特质与行为之间联系的自动化程度的影响,相比低自动化程度,当他人的特质与行为之间联系的自动化程度更高时,对被试造成的影响更大。
In this study,the sentence-making task was used to initiate the cognition of the traits of others,and the EAST was adopted to validate the priming effect.In the intertemporal choice task,other people's choices were presented for participants,which was aimed to explore the influence of the degree of automatic connection between trait and behavior on intertemporal decision.The results showed that compared with the "short-sighted" people choosing the delayed rewards and the "far-sighted" people choosing the immediate rewards,when the "short-sighted" people choose the immediate rewards and the "far-sighted"people choose the delayed rewards,participants preferred and tended to choose delayed rewards,which indicated that participants' preferences were influenced by the degree of automatic connection between other people's traits and behaviors.Compared with the low degree of automatic connection between traits and behaviors,participants were more influenced by the high degree of automatic connection between other people's traits and behaviors.
In this study,the sentence-making task was used to initiate the cognition of the traits of others,and the EAST was adopted to validate the priming effect.In the intertemporal choice task,other people's choices were presented for participants,which was aimed to explore the influence of the degree of automatic connection between trait and behavior on intertemporal decision.The results showed that compared with the "short-sighted" people choosing the delayed rewards and the "far-sighted" people choosing the immediate rewards,when the "short-sighted" people choose the immediate rewards and the "far-sighted"people choose the delayed rewards,participants preferred and tended to choose delayed rewards,which indicated that participants' preferences were influenced by the degree of automatic connection between other people's traits and behaviors.Compared with the low degree of automatic connection between traits and behaviors,participants were more influenced by the high degree of automatic connection between other people's traits and behaviors.
引文
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(1)HOUWER J D.The extrinsic affective simon task[J].Experimental psychology,2003,50(2):80.
(2)晋争.内隐联系测验的修正---简式内隐联系测验[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(10):1554.
(1)MICHAELSON L,DE LA VERG A,CHATHAM C H,et al.Delaying gratification depends on social trust[J].Frontiers in psychology,2013,4:2-3.
(2)GILMAN J M,CURRAN M T,CALDERON V,et al.Impulsive social influence increases impulsive choices on a temporal discounting task in young adults[J].Plos one,2014,9(7):3-4.
(3)刘阳.儿童如何利用特质相关行为信息预测他人将来行为[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
(4)董春艳.他人存在及其自我控制行为对消费者自我控制的影响[D].大连:东北财经大学,2011.
(5)SCHOBEL M,RIESKAMP J,HUBER R.Social influences in sequential decision making[J].Plos one,2016,11(1):7.
(6)DUYNSLAEGE M V,OVERWALLE F V,VERSTRAETEN E.Electrophysiological time course and brain areas of spontaneous and intentional trait inferences[J].Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,2007,2(3):179-181.
(7)BEUKEBOOM C J,FINKENAUER C,WIGBOLDUS D H.The negation bias:when negations signal stereotypic expectancies[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2010,99(6):980.
(2)梁竹苑,刘欢.跨期选择的性质探索[J].心理科学进展,2011,19:959.
(3)张健,韩玉昌,张健东.认知风格和性别对不同类型框架效应的影响[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2015,38(1):66.
(4)O'BRIEN L,ALBERT D,CHEIN J,et al.Adolescents prefer more immediate rewards when in the presence of their peers[J].Journal of research on adolescence,2011,21(4):750.
(5)WEIGARD A,CHEIN J,ALBERT D,et al.Effects of anonymous peer observation on adolescents'preference for immediate rewards[J].Developmental science,2014,17(1):75.
(6)RAKOCZY H,WARNEKEN F,TOMASELLO M.Young children's selective learning of rule games from reliable and unreliable models[J].Cognitive development,2009,24(1):67.
(1)GARDNER M,STEINBERG L.Peer influence on risk taking,risk preference,and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood:an experimental study[J].Developmental psychology,2005,41(4):625.
(2)MICHAELSON L,DE LA VERG A,CHATHAM C H,et al.Delaying gratification depends on social trust[J].Frontiers in psychology,2013,4:2-3.
(3)GILMAN J M,CURRAN M T,CALDERON V,et al.Impulsive social influence increases impulsive choices on a temporal discounting task in young adults[J].Plos one,2014,9(7):3-4.
(4)张淑华.人格特质与行为绩效关系研究[J].心理科学,2002,25(1):107.
(5)OVERWALLE F V,EEDE S V D,BAETENS K,et al.Trait inferences in goal-directed behavior:ERP timing and localization under spontaneous and intentional processing[J].Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,2009,4(2):182-184.
(6)MA N,VANDEKERCKHOVE M,BAETENS K,et al.Inconsistencies in spontaneous and intentional trait inferences[J].Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,2012,7:941.
(7)DUYNSLAEGER M V,OVERWALLE F V,VERSTRAETEN E.Electrophysiological time course and brain areas of spontaneous and intentional trait inferences[J].Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,2007,2(3):179-181.
(8)BEUKEBOOM C J,FINKENAUER C,WIGBOLDUS D H.The negation bias:when negations signal stereotypic expectancies[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2010,99(6):980.
(1)SRULL T K,WYER R S.The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons:some determinants and implications[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,1979,37(10):1663.
(2)KIRBY K N,MARAKOVIC N N.Delay-discounting probabilistic rewards:rates decrease as amounts increase[J].Psychonomic bulletin and review,1996,3(1):102.
(1)HOUWER J D.The extrinsic affective simon task[J].Experimental psychology,2003,50(2):80.
(2)晋争.内隐联系测验的修正---简式内隐联系测验[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(10):1554.
(1)MICHAELSON L,DE LA VERG A,CHATHAM C H,et al.Delaying gratification depends on social trust[J].Frontiers in psychology,2013,4:2-3.
(2)GILMAN J M,CURRAN M T,CALDERON V,et al.Impulsive social influence increases impulsive choices on a temporal discounting task in young adults[J].Plos one,2014,9(7):3-4.
(3)刘阳.儿童如何利用特质相关行为信息预测他人将来行为[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
(4)董春艳.他人存在及其自我控制行为对消费者自我控制的影响[D].大连:东北财经大学,2011.
(5)SCHOBEL M,RIESKAMP J,HUBER R.Social influences in sequential decision making[J].Plos one,2016,11(1):7.
(6)DUYNSLAEGE M V,OVERWALLE F V,VERSTRAETEN E.Electrophysiological time course and brain areas of spontaneous and intentional trait inferences[J].Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,2007,2(3):179-181.
(7)BEUKEBOOM C J,FINKENAUER C,WIGBOLDUS D H.The negation bias:when negations signal stereotypic expectancies[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2010,99(6):980.