PTFE双向拉伸微孔膜蒸馏脱盐实验研究
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摘要
为了高效生产淡水,同时开发新型膜材料的应用前景,采用PTFE双向拉伸微孔膜搭建真空蒸馏系统,并对Na Cl溶液的脱盐性能进行了研究。设计正交实验,过程中保持膜下游恒定的绝对压力9 kPa,考察了盐浓度0～80 g/L的溶液在进料温度20～60℃、进料流量40～160 L/h条件下,该种膜的真空膜蒸馏脱盐性能。实验结果表明,温度变化对膜通量影响最为显著且脱盐率略有变化,随浓度升高膜通量逐渐下降但脱盐率上升,流量增加能一定程度上提高膜通量但对脱盐率没有影响,其中40 g/L的盐溶液在进料流量120 L/h条件下,当进料温度为60℃时,膜通量达到18.4 kg/(m2·h)。在各种不同操作条件下产水电导率均小于5μs/cm,计算脱盐率均超过99.9%,脱盐效果稳定。对真空膜蒸馏脱盐传质过程进行了分析,通过实验结果拟合了该膜的传质系数,发现其随温度线性增加,得出温度是影响膜传质系数的决定性因素,也说明了温度对膜通量的决定性影响。进行极差分析,得到温度是该过程的主要影响因素。进行重复试验证明该膜在实验过程中保持运行稳定,对于浓度低于80 g/L的盐溶液能有效避免膜污染问题。
In order to produce water efficiently and develop new membrane materials, plate and frame type membrane module was composed with biaxial stretch microporous membrane of PTFE, and vacuum membrane distillation system was set up to explore the desalination performance of NaCl solution. Orthogonal experiment was designed and the effect of feed temperature, flow rate, and concentration on water production were studied at 9 kPa absolute pressure degree on the one side of membrane. It was found that the temperature changed has the most significant influence on the membrane flux and the desalination rate changed slightly. With the increase of concentration, the membrane flux gradually decreases but the desalination rate increases. The increase of feed flow rate would increase the membrane flux, but no effect on the desalination rate. the flux has reaches 18.4 kg/(m2·h) at the conditions of 120 L/h feed flow rate and 40 g/L concentration when temperature at 60 ℃. More than 99.9% desalination rate and less than 5 μs/cm conductivity of produced water are found at different operation conditions. The process of mass transfer of vacuum membrane desalination was analyzed and coefficient of mass transferwas calculated by results of experiment. It was concluded that temperature is the important factor of coefficient of mass transfer and membrane flux because the coefficient of mass transfer increase linearly with it.Range analysis was developed and showed that temperature is the main influencing factor of the process. Repeated trials was studied and showed that the membrane remains stable running in the process of experiment. It was concluded that biaxial stretch microporous membrane of PTFE can be used for NaCl solution which concentration less than 80 g/L.
In order to produce water efficiently and develop new membrane materials, plate and frame type membrane module was composed with biaxial stretch microporous membrane of PTFE, and vacuum membrane distillation system was set up to explore the desalination performance of NaCl solution. Orthogonal experiment was designed and the effect of feed temperature, flow rate, and concentration on water production were studied at 9 kPa absolute pressure degree on the one side of membrane. It was found that the temperature changed has the most significant influence on the membrane flux and the desalination rate changed slightly. With the increase of concentration, the membrane flux gradually decreases but the desalination rate increases. The increase of feed flow rate would increase the membrane flux, but no effect on the desalination rate. the flux has reaches 18.4 kg/(m2·h) at the conditions of 120 L/h feed flow rate and 40 g/L concentration when temperature at 60 ℃. More than 99.9% desalination rate and less than 5 μs/cm conductivity of produced water are found at different operation conditions. The process of mass transfer of vacuum membrane desalination was analyzed and coefficient of mass transferwas calculated by results of experiment. It was concluded that temperature is the important factor of coefficient of mass transfer and membrane flux because the coefficient of mass transfer increase linearly with it.Range analysis was developed and showed that temperature is the main influencing factor of the process. Repeated trials was studied and showed that the membrane remains stable running in the process of experiment. It was concluded that biaxial stretch microporous membrane of PTFE can be used for NaCl solution which concentration less than 80 g/L.
引文
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[17]Chen Huayan,Li Huan,Lu Xiaolong.Heat and mass transfer of sweeping gas membrane distillation[J].CIESCJournal,2009,60(2):304-309.[陈华艳,李欢,吕晓龙.气扫式膜蒸馏传质传热过程[J].化工学报,2009,60(2):304-309.]
[18]Ding Zhongwei.Study on the module performance and dynamic process of membrane distillation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2001.[丁忠伟.膜蒸馏的膜组件性能及动态过程研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2001.]
[19]Wu Xia.Study on membrane wetting in the process of membrane distillation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2012.[吴霞.膜蒸馏过程中的膜润湿现象研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.]
[20]Yan Xuesheng,Tian Chengyou,Wang Caiyun.Experimental study on desalination of brine by different membrane distillation process using PTFE flat membrane[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Natare Science Edition),2017,42(6):2291-2298.[颜学升,田程友,王彩云.PTFE平板膜用于不同膜蒸馏过程淡化盐水的实验研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(6):2291-2298.]
[21]Yan Xuesheng,Wang Caiyun.Experimental study on vacuum membrane distillation based on brine desalination by PVDF[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Nature Science Edition),2017,36(2):221-224.[颜学升,王彩云.PVDF膜用于真空膜蒸馏淡化盐水的实验研究[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):221-224.]
[22]Dai Peng,Huangfu Fengyun,Kong Yuanyuan,et al.Application of PPHFM to seawater desalination by membrane distillation[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(23):85-88.[代朋,皇甫风云,孔媛媛,等.聚丙烯膜在膜蒸馏海水淡化中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(23):85-88.]
[2]Hou D,Wang J,Qu D,et al.Fabrication and characterization of hydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2009,69(1):78-86.
[3]Zhang Xinmiao,Liu Zheng,Zhao Peng.Progress in application of membrane distillation technology in treatment of petrochemical wastewater[J].Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry,2009,29(1):35-38.[张新妙,刘正,赵鹏.膜蒸馏技术在石化废水处理领域的应用进展[J].化工环保,2009,29(1):35-38.]
[4]Wang Caiyun.Modeling and RSM optimization study of membrane distillation for desalination by using PTFE flat membrane[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2017.[王彩云.基于PTFE平板膜的膜蒸馏脱盐过程性能模拟和响应面优化研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.]
[5]Shen Long,Gao Ruichang.Research and application progress of membrane distillation[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(2):289-297.[申龙,高瑞昶.膜蒸馏技术最新研究应用进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(2):289-297.]
[6]Zhao Jing,Wu Chunrui,Lu Xiaolong.Seawater desalination by membrane distillation:A comparison of three processes[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2009,29(1):83-89.[赵晶,武春瑞,吕晓龙.膜蒸馏海水淡化过程研究:三种膜蒸馏过程的比较[J].膜科学与技术,2009,29(1):83-89.]
[7]Chen Li,Shen Jiangnan,Ruan Huimin.Concentration of reverse osmosis concentrated water by vacuum membrane distillation[J].Journal of Filtration&Separation,2009,19(3):4-6.[陈利,沈江南,阮慧敏.真空膜蒸馏浓缩反渗透浓盐水的工艺研究[J].过滤与分离,2009,19(3):4-6.]
[8]Sun Xiangcheng,Wang Jun,Hou Deyin,et al.Study on concentration of reverse osmosis concentrate by membrane distillation[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(17):22-25.[孙项城,王军,侯得印,等.膜蒸馏法浓缩反渗透浓水的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(17):22-25.]
[9]Tang Na,Chen Mingyu,Yuan Jianjun.Vacuum membrane distillation for brine from SWRO desalination process[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2007,27(6):93-96.[唐娜,陈明玉,袁建军.海水淡化浓盐水真空膜蒸馏研究[J].膜科学与技术,2007,27(6):93-96.]
[10]Qusay F,Salah S I,Samraa R K.Performance of vacuum poly(propylene)membrane distillation(VMD)for saline water desalination[J].Chemical Engineering&Processing(Process Intensification),2017,120(6):68-80.
[11]Qin Cao.Study on the treatment of phenol wastewater by vacuum membrane distillation[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2001.[秦操.减压膜蒸馏处理含酚废水的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2001.]
[12]Tu Zhenghuan,He Gaohong,Yin Liyun,et al.Study on brackish water desalination by vacuum membrane distillation[J].Sea-lake Salt and Chemical Industry,2003,32(5):10-14.[涂正环,贺高红,尹立运,等.减压膜蒸馏法咸水淡化的实验研究[J].海湖盐与化工,2003,32(5):10-14.]
[13]Boutikos P,Mohamed E S,Mathioulakis E,et al.A theoretical approach of a vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation system[J].Desalination,2017,422(3):25-41.
[14]Wang Yanmin,Zhu Hailin,Li Jiuming,et al.Surface superhydrophobic modification of PTFE flat-sheet membrane[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2015,46(6):6070-6075.[王燕敏,朱海霖,李玖明,等.PTFE平板微孔膜的超疏水改性研究[J].功能材料,2015,46(6):6070-6075.]
[15]Tian Miaomiao,Li Xuemei,Yin Yong,et al.Preparation of superhydrophobic membranes and their application in membrane distillation[J].Progress in Chemistry,2015,27(8):1033-1041.[田苗苗,李雪梅,殷勇,等.超疏水膜的制备及其在膜蒸馏过程中的应用[J].化学进展,2015,27(8):1033-1041.]
[16]Liu Jie,Wu Chunrui,Lu Xiaolong.Heat and mass transfer in vacuum membrane distillation[J].CIESC Journal,2011,62(4):908-915.[刘捷,武春瑞,吕晓龙.减压膜蒸馏传热传质过程[J].化工学报,2011,62(4):908-915.]
[17]Chen Huayan,Li Huan,Lu Xiaolong.Heat and mass transfer of sweeping gas membrane distillation[J].CIESCJournal,2009,60(2):304-309.[陈华艳,李欢,吕晓龙.气扫式膜蒸馏传质传热过程[J].化工学报,2009,60(2):304-309.]
[18]Ding Zhongwei.Study on the module performance and dynamic process of membrane distillation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2001.[丁忠伟.膜蒸馏的膜组件性能及动态过程研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2001.]
[19]Wu Xia.Study on membrane wetting in the process of membrane distillation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2012.[吴霞.膜蒸馏过程中的膜润湿现象研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.]
[20]Yan Xuesheng,Tian Chengyou,Wang Caiyun.Experimental study on desalination of brine by different membrane distillation process using PTFE flat membrane[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Natare Science Edition),2017,42(6):2291-2298.[颜学升,田程友,王彩云.PTFE平板膜用于不同膜蒸馏过程淡化盐水的实验研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(6):2291-2298.]
[21]Yan Xuesheng,Wang Caiyun.Experimental study on vacuum membrane distillation based on brine desalination by PVDF[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Nature Science Edition),2017,36(2):221-224.[颜学升,王彩云.PVDF膜用于真空膜蒸馏淡化盐水的实验研究[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):221-224.]
[22]Dai Peng,Huangfu Fengyun,Kong Yuanyuan,et al.Application of PPHFM to seawater desalination by membrane distillation[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(23):85-88.[代朋,皇甫风云,孔媛媛,等.聚丙烯膜在膜蒸馏海水淡化中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(23):85-88.]
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