中国钢铁工业节能减排潜力及能效提升途径
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摘要
钢铁工业是典型的资源能源密集型行业,是节能减排重点行业之一。总结了中国钢铁工业"十二五"以来所取得的节能减排进展及存在的问题,采用动态物质流分析方法,构建了钢需求量和废钢回收量预测模型,基于35项重点节能减排技术评估,结合能源消耗与CO2排放模型,分析了中国钢铁工业到2050年的节能减排潜力并分析了各因素的影响。在此基础上提出了提升中国钢铁工业能效的若干途径,为钢铁工业的绿色低碳转型、可持续发展提供理论指导。
The iron and steel industry is a typical resource-and energy-intensive industry and one of key industries for the energy conservation and emission reduction. The progress and problems in the energy conservation and emission reduction achieved by China's iron and steel industries since the 12 th Five-Year Plan were summarized. Based on the dynamic material flow analysis method,the steel demand forecast and the scrap recovery model were constructed. Based on the evaluation of 35 energy saving and emission reduction technologies,combined with the energy consumption and CO_2 emission models,the energy saving potential of the China's iron and steel industry by 2050 and the impact of various factors were analyzed. Finally,several ways to improve the energy efficiency were proposed which provides the theoretical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of the China's iron and steel industry.
The iron and steel industry is a typical resource-and energy-intensive industry and one of key industries for the energy conservation and emission reduction. The progress and problems in the energy conservation and emission reduction achieved by China's iron and steel industries since the 12 th Five-Year Plan were summarized. Based on the dynamic material flow analysis method,the steel demand forecast and the scrap recovery model were constructed. Based on the evaluation of 35 energy saving and emission reduction technologies,combined with the energy consumption and CO_2 emission models,the energy saving potential of the China's iron and steel industry by 2050 and the impact of various factors were analyzed. Finally,several ways to improve the energy efficiency were proposed which provides the theoretical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of the China's iron and steel industry.
引文
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[15] ZHANG Q,ZHAO X Y,LU H Y,et al. Waste energy recovery and energy efficiency improvement in China's iron and steel industry[J]. Applied Energy,2017,191:502.
[16]李士琦,吴龙,纪志军,等.中国钢铁工业节能减排现状及对策[J].钢铁研究,2011,39(3):1.(LI Shi-qi,WU Long,JI Zhijun,et al. Status of energy-saving and emission reduction and countermeasures for iron and steel industry in China[J]. Research on Iron and Steel,2011,39(3):1.)
[17]张春霞,上官方钦,胡长庆,等.钢铁流程结构及对CO2排放的影响[J].钢铁,2010,45(5):1.(ZHANG Chun-xia,SHANGGUAN Fang-qin,HU Chang-qing,et al. Steel process structure and its impact on CO2emission[J]. Iron and Steel,2010,45(5):1.)
[18] ZHANG Q,LI Y,XU J,et al. Carbon element flow analysis and CO2emission reduction in iron and steel works[J]. Journal of Cleaner Prodution,2018,172:709.
[19]张春霞,王海风,张寿荣,等.中国钢铁工业绿色发展工程科技战略及对策[J].钢铁,2015,50(10):1.(ZHANG Chun-xia,WANG Hai-feng,ZHANG Shou-rong,et al. Strategic study on green development of Chinese steel industry[J]. Iron and Steel,2015,50(10):1.)
[20] Baccini P,Brunner P H. Metabolism of the Anthroposphere[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[21]陆钟武,岳强.物质流分析的两种方法及应用[J].资源再生,2006(2):27.(LU Zhong-wu,YUE Qiang. Non-ferrous metals recycling and utilization[J]. Resource Recycling,2006(2):27.)
[22]殷瑞钰,丘亮辉.主持人语[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2017,9(1):3.(YIN Rui-yu,QIU Liang-hui. Moderator's speech[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies,2017,9(1):3.)
[23]张琦,马家琳,高金彤,等.钢铁企业煤气-蒸汽-电力系统耦合优化及应用[J].化工学报,2018,69(7):3149.(ZHANG Qi,MA Jia-lin,GAO Jin-tong,et al. Coupled optimization modeling and application of fuel gas-steam-power system in integrated iron and steel works[J]. CIESC Journal,2018,69(7):3149.)
[2]世界钢铁协会.世界钢铁统计数据2018[EB/OL].https://www.worldsteel.org/zh/media-centre/press-releases/2018/world-steelin-figures-2018.html.[2017-10-20].(World Steel Association.Word Steel in Figure 2018[EB/OL]. https://www.worldsteel.org/zh/media-centre/press-releases/2018/world-steel-in-figures-2018.html.[2017-10-20].)
[3] ZHANG Q,XU J,WANG Y J,et al. Comprehensive assessment of energy conservation and CO2emissions mitigation in China's iron and steel industry based on dynamic material flows[J]. Applied Energy,2018,209:251.
[4] Arens M,Worrell E,Eichhammer W,et al. Pathways to a lowcarbon iron and steel industry in the medium-term-the case of Germany[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,163:84.
[5] Hasanbeigi A,Jiang Z,Price L. Retrospective and prospective analysis of the trends of energy use in Chinese iron and steel industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,74(4):105.
[6] MA D,CHEN W,YIN X,et al. Quantifying the co-benefits of decarbonisation in China's steel sector:an integrated assessment approach[J]. Applied Energy,2016,162:1225.
[7]蔡九菊,孙文强.中国钢铁工业的系统节能和科学用能[J].钢铁,2012,47(5):1.(CAI Jiu-ju,SUN Wen-qiang. Systems energy conservation and scientific energy utilization of iron and steel industry in china[J]. Iron and Steel,2012,47(5):1.)
[8]张春霞,上官方钦,郦秀萍,等.中美钢铁工业能效对标研究[J].钢铁,2013,48(1):87.(ZHANG Chun-xia,SHANGGUAN Fang-qin,LI Xiu-ping,et al. Study on energy efficiency benchmarking of the steel industry between China and the US[J]. Iron and Steel,2013,48(1):87.)
[9]李冰,李新创,李闯.国内外钢铁工业能源高效利用新进展[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2017,9(1):68.(LI Bing,LI Xin-chuang,LI Chuang. Progress on efficient utilization of energy resources of steel industry home and abroad[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies,2017,9(1):68.)
[10]郦秀萍,张春霞,周继程,等.钢铁行业发展面临的挑战及节能减排技术应用[J].电力需求侧管理,2011,13(3):4.(LI Xiuping,ZHANG Chun-xia,ZHOU Ji-cheng,et al. Steel industry development challenges and technology application of energy saving and emission reduction[J]. Power Demand Side Management,2011,13(3):4.)
[11]李新创.钢铁工业“十二五”回顾和未来发展思考[J].钢铁,2016,51(11):1.(LI Xin-chuang. Review of steel industry in the 12th Five-Year Period and future development[J]. Iron and Steel,2016,51(11):1.)
[12]郜学,尚海霞.中国钢铁工业“十二五”节能成就和“十三五”展望[J].钢铁,2017,52(7):9.(GAO Xue,SHANG Hai-xia.Energy saving achievements of 12th Five-Year Program and prospect of 13th Five-Year Program for Chinese steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(7):9.)
[13]殷瑞钰.“流”、流程网络与耗散结构为关于流程制造型制造流程物理系统的认识[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48(2):136.(YIN Rui-yu.“Flow”,flow network and dissipative structure—understanding of the physical system of manufacturing process of process manufacturing type[J]. Scientia Sinica:Technologica,2018,48(2):136.)
[14]彭岩,曹先常,张玉柱.钢铁典型工序流程节能技术新进展[J].中国冶金,2017,27(5):8.(PENG Yan,CAO Xian-chang,ZHANG Yu-zhu. New progresses of energy saving solutions in typical iron and steel making process flow[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(5):8.)
[15] ZHANG Q,ZHAO X Y,LU H Y,et al. Waste energy recovery and energy efficiency improvement in China's iron and steel industry[J]. Applied Energy,2017,191:502.
[16]李士琦,吴龙,纪志军,等.中国钢铁工业节能减排现状及对策[J].钢铁研究,2011,39(3):1.(LI Shi-qi,WU Long,JI Zhijun,et al. Status of energy-saving and emission reduction and countermeasures for iron and steel industry in China[J]. Research on Iron and Steel,2011,39(3):1.)
[17]张春霞,上官方钦,胡长庆,等.钢铁流程结构及对CO2排放的影响[J].钢铁,2010,45(5):1.(ZHANG Chun-xia,SHANGGUAN Fang-qin,HU Chang-qing,et al. Steel process structure and its impact on CO2emission[J]. Iron and Steel,2010,45(5):1.)
[18] ZHANG Q,LI Y,XU J,et al. Carbon element flow analysis and CO2emission reduction in iron and steel works[J]. Journal of Cleaner Prodution,2018,172:709.
[19]张春霞,王海风,张寿荣,等.中国钢铁工业绿色发展工程科技战略及对策[J].钢铁,2015,50(10):1.(ZHANG Chun-xia,WANG Hai-feng,ZHANG Shou-rong,et al. Strategic study on green development of Chinese steel industry[J]. Iron and Steel,2015,50(10):1.)
[20] Baccini P,Brunner P H. Metabolism of the Anthroposphere[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[21]陆钟武,岳强.物质流分析的两种方法及应用[J].资源再生,2006(2):27.(LU Zhong-wu,YUE Qiang. Non-ferrous metals recycling and utilization[J]. Resource Recycling,2006(2):27.)
[22]殷瑞钰,丘亮辉.主持人语[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2017,9(1):3.(YIN Rui-yu,QIU Liang-hui. Moderator's speech[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies,2017,9(1):3.)
[23]张琦,马家琳,高金彤,等.钢铁企业煤气-蒸汽-电力系统耦合优化及应用[J].化工学报,2018,69(7):3149.(ZHANG Qi,MA Jia-lin,GAO Jin-tong,et al. Coupled optimization modeling and application of fuel gas-steam-power system in integrated iron and steel works[J]. CIESC Journal,2018,69(7):3149.)
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