天然气水合物和游离气饱和度评价方法及其在南海北部的应用
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摘要
饱和度是评价天然气水合物资源量的重要参数之一,不同海域由于水合物微观赋存状态差异,评价方法不同。大量水合物钻探取心显示在珠江口盆地不同海域发现了不同类型的水合物,在东部海域发现了呈脉状、块状、结核状等裂隙内形成肉眼可视的水合物,而神狐海域发现了呈分散状充填在孔隙空间不同饱和度的水合物,两种不同类型水合物层的测井异常响应特征不同,评价饱和度方法不同。研究表明东部海域基于各向异性电阻率模型估算的水合物饱和度与压力取心吻合,近海底发育的水合物层饱和度相对较低,约为10%,而基于各向同性模型估算水合物饱和度高达60%,远大于压力取心饱和度。在碳酸盐岩层,基于未固结地层各向同性与各向异性估算水合物饱和度大于氯离子异常估算水合物饱和度,而利用胶结模式估算水合物饱和度与氯离子吻合。利用地震资料,以测井为约束利用稀疏脉冲反演地层的速度或波阻抗,结合不同岩石物理模型分析,再通过线性拟合或循环迭代方法可以估算水合物饱和度体,研究水合物的空间分布。通过沿稳定带底界提取水合物饱和度属性,发现神狐海域水合物呈不均匀分布,在局部峡谷脊部呈条带状特征。
Saturation is an important parameter for gas hydrate resource assessment.The methods for estimating gas hydrate saturation vary greatly according to the differences in morphological characteristics of gas hydrate and its contact relation with sediments.Fracture-filled gas hydrate occurred in forms of a vein,patch,or nodule has been found in the east part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.However,the gas hydrate occurred as pore-fillings has been identified in the pressure core sample collected from the Shenhu area.The well log responses to fracture-filling and pore-filling gas hydrate are quite different indeed,and they show anisotropic and isotropic appearances respectively.Gas hydrate saturation estimated with anisotropic resistivity model fits well with gas hydrate saturation estimated by pore-water freshening.The gas hydrate saturation near seafloor is about 10%estimated according to anisotropic resistivity.However,it may reach about 60%if estimated from isotropic resistivity which is obviously greater than that estimated from pressure core degassing.Gas hydrate saturations in carbonate layers are similar no matter they are estimated with anisotropic and isotropic resistivity or velocity,which are higher than those estimated from chloride.However,the gas hydrate saturation at this layer estimated from cementation model C1 is near to the value estimated from chloride.The acoustic impedance or P-wave velocity was obtained from the constrained sparse spike inversion.The spatial distribution of gas hydrate saturation can be calculated with linear or iterative forward inversion of rock physics model based on seismic data and well log data.Gas hydrate saturation extracted from the base of gas hydrate stability zone with a time window of 50 ms showed a patchy or nonuniform distribution pattern in the Shenhu area.However,gas hydrate saturation showed linear distribution at the crest of canyons.
Saturation is an important parameter for gas hydrate resource assessment.The methods for estimating gas hydrate saturation vary greatly according to the differences in morphological characteristics of gas hydrate and its contact relation with sediments.Fracture-filled gas hydrate occurred in forms of a vein,patch,or nodule has been found in the east part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.However,the gas hydrate occurred as pore-fillings has been identified in the pressure core sample collected from the Shenhu area.The well log responses to fracture-filling and pore-filling gas hydrate are quite different indeed,and they show anisotropic and isotropic appearances respectively.Gas hydrate saturation estimated with anisotropic resistivity model fits well with gas hydrate saturation estimated by pore-water freshening.The gas hydrate saturation near seafloor is about 10%estimated according to anisotropic resistivity.However,it may reach about 60%if estimated from isotropic resistivity which is obviously greater than that estimated from pressure core degassing.Gas hydrate saturations in carbonate layers are similar no matter they are estimated with anisotropic and isotropic resistivity or velocity,which are higher than those estimated from chloride.However,the gas hydrate saturation at this layer estimated from cementation model C1 is near to the value estimated from chloride.The acoustic impedance or P-wave velocity was obtained from the constrained sparse spike inversion.The spatial distribution of gas hydrate saturation can be calculated with linear or iterative forward inversion of rock physics model based on seismic data and well log data.Gas hydrate saturation extracted from the base of gas hydrate stability zone with a time window of 50 ms showed a patchy or nonuniform distribution pattern in the Shenhu area.However,gas hydrate saturation showed linear distribution at the crest of canyons.
引文
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[6]杨胜雄,梁金强,陆敬安,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征及主控因素新认识[J].地学前缘,2017,24(4):1-14.[YANG Shengxiong,LIANG Jinqiang,LU Jing’an,et al.New understandings on the characteristics and controlling factors of gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(4):1-14.]
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[19]Wang X J,Wu S G,Lee M,et al.Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(9):1625-1633.
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[21]Hesse R,Harrison W E.Gas hydrates(clathrates)causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1981,55(3):453-462.
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[27]陈芳,周洋,苏新,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域晚中新世以来沉积物中生物组分变化特征及意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(2):1-8.[CHEN Fang,ZHOU Yang,SU Xin,et al.Variations in biogenic components of late mioceneholocene sediments from Shenhu Area in the Northern South China Sea and their geological implication[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2009,29(2):1-8.]
[28]Archie G E.The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,1942,146(1):54-62.
[29]王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟,等.基于电阻率测井的天然气水合物饱和度估算及估算精度分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(5):993-999.[WANG Xiujuan,WU Shiguo,LIU Xuewei,et al.Estimation of gas hydrate saturation based on the resistivity logging and analysis of estimation error[J].Geoscience,2010,24(5):993-999.]
[30]Collett T S,Ladd J.Detection of gas hydrate with downhole logs and assessment of gas hydrate concentrations(saturations)and gas volumes on the Blake Ridge with electrical resistivity log data[C]//Paull C K,Matsumoto R,Wallace P J,et al.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results.College Station,TX:Ocean Drilling Program,2000:179-191.
[31]Shankar U,Riedel M.Gas hydrate saturation in the KrishnaGodavari basin from P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity logs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(10):1768-1778.
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