多孔改良剂对毕节烟区植烟土壤重金属铬镉铅的影响
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摘要
本研究通过分析贵州毕节植烟区不施改良剂(CK),施用秸秆(T1)、多孔改良剂(T2)、70%多孔改良剂+30%竹炭(T3)4种处理不同土层深度土壤重金属含量,评价了植烟区重金属Cr、Cd、Pb的含量水平,探讨了施用多孔改良剂对研究区土壤中重金属Cr、Cd、Pb含量及其有效性的影响。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属Cr、Cd、Pb含量均低于国家二级土壤标准,土壤处于清洁状态。不同土壤改良剂在改善土壤理化性状的同时还能显著降低土壤全Cr和Pb的有效性。在不同改良剂处理中,以T3处理的效果最好,土壤全Cr和有效Pb降幅分别为26.4%和17.2%。毕节烟区使用多孔物理结构改良剂不会增加土壤Cd、Pb的重金属风险,反而降低了土壤全Cr和有效Pb的含量,实现板结土壤改良和重金属有效性降低的双重目标。
In order to explore the effects of porous amendments on the contents of heavy metals(Cr, Cd and Pb) in flue-cured tobacco fields in Bijie City of Guizhou Province, a field experiment was conducted and four treatments were designed,i.e., CK(No amendment), T1(maize straw incorporation), T2(porous soil amendment) and T3(70% T2 and 30% bamboo charcoal). The results showed that soil Cr, Cd and Pb contents in the study area were lower than the 2 nd Grade of National Soil Environmental Standard, which indicated the soils are safe and clean. Different soil amendments not only improved soil physiochemical properties, but can also significantly reduced Cr and the availability of soil Pb. Among different amendments, T3 treatment had the best effect, and the soil Cr and available Pb decreased by 26.4% and 17.2% respectively. The use of porous physical structure amendments in Bijie tobacco planting area didn't increase the risk of heavy metals of soil Cd and Pb, but reduced the content of soil available Pb, thus, could archive the dual goals in reducing soil compaction and heavy metal availability.
In order to explore the effects of porous amendments on the contents of heavy metals(Cr, Cd and Pb) in flue-cured tobacco fields in Bijie City of Guizhou Province, a field experiment was conducted and four treatments were designed,i.e., CK(No amendment), T1(maize straw incorporation), T2(porous soil amendment) and T3(70% T2 and 30% bamboo charcoal). The results showed that soil Cr, Cd and Pb contents in the study area were lower than the 2 nd Grade of National Soil Environmental Standard, which indicated the soils are safe and clean. Different soil amendments not only improved soil physiochemical properties, but can also significantly reduced Cr and the availability of soil Pb. Among different amendments, T3 treatment had the best effect, and the soil Cr and available Pb decreased by 26.4% and 17.2% respectively. The use of porous physical structure amendments in Bijie tobacco planting area didn't increase the risk of heavy metals of soil Cd and Pb, but reduced the content of soil available Pb, thus, could archive the dual goals in reducing soil compaction and heavy metal availability.
引文
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[2]黄成江,张晓海,李天福,等.植烟土壤理化性状的适宜性研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2007,9(1):42-46
[3]Hawks S N,Collins W K.Principles of flue-cured tobacco production[M].1st ed.Raleigh,North Carolina:North Carolina State University,1983
[4]刘炎红,姜超强,沈嘉,等.烟杆腐解速率及养分释放规律[J].土壤,2017,49(3):543-549
[5]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[6]曹晨亮,王卫,马义兵,等.钝化剂-锌肥降低烟草镉含量长期效果研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):628-636
[7]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(1):68-79
[8]刘玉学,王耀锋,吕豪豪,等.不同稻秆炭和竹炭施用水平对小青菜产量、品质以及土壤理化性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1438-1444
[9]周静,崔红标.规模化治理土壤重金属污染技术工程应用与展望--以江铜贵冶周边区域九牛岗土壤修复示范工程为例[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):336-343,272
[10]崔红标,梁家妮,周静,等.磷灰石和石灰联合巨菌草对重金属污染土壤的改良修复[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1334-1340
[11]崔红标,田超,周静,等.纳米羟基磷灰石对重金属污染土壤Cu/Cd形态分布及土壤酶活性影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):874-880
[12]李希希,王春香,陈玉成,等.改良剂对土壤-烟草系统中Pb污染风险的削减[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(1):26-30
[13]张晶,苏德纯.不同镉污染农田土壤上秸秆和炭化秸秆分解动态及其对土壤镉的吸附特征[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(10):4097-4102
[14]招启柏,朱卫星,胡钟胜,等.改良剂对土壤重金属(Cd、Pb)的固定以及对烤烟生长影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(4):26-32
[15]胡钟胜,章钢娅,王广志,等.改良剂对烟草吸收土壤中镉铅影响的研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):233-239
[16]潘金华,庄舜尧,史学正,等.竹炭与T20改良剂对皖南旱地烤烟生态和产质量的综合效应研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(4):73-81
[17]刘明伟,许国仁,李圭白.Fe2O3对污泥与底泥制备轻质陶粒性能的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2012,44(10):18-21
[18]许国仁,邹金龙,孙丽欣.污泥作为添加剂制备轻质陶粒的试验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(4):557-560
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)(GB 15618-2018)[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2018
[21]中华人民共和国农业部.土壤质量有效态铅和镉的测定原子吸收法(GB/T 23739-2009)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009
[22]叶文虎,栾胜基.环境质量评价学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994
[23]李玉美,雷硕,严猛,等.贵州省主要烟区土壤及烟草中重金属污染状况分析[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(10):1505-1508
[24]李翠翠,李世杰,罗荣琴,等.贵州省毕节市威奢乡农田土壤环境质量特征研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(2):238-244
[25]朱宇恩,张倩茹,张维荣,等.基于文献计量的Cr污染土壤修复发展历程剖析(2001-2015年)[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):409-419
[26]蒋逸骏,胡雪峰,舒颖,等.湘北某镇农田土壤-水稻系统重金属累积和稻米食用安全研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):410-420
[27]戴宇,杨重法,郑袁明.土壤-植物系统中铬的环境行为及其毒性评价[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3432-3440
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