移栽期和采收期对豫中烤烟上六片叶发育期温度指标的影响
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摘要
为研究不同移栽期和采收期对豫中烟区上六片烟叶生育期温度因子的影响,确定适宜移栽期和采收期,以中烟100为材料,设置不同移栽期和采收期处理,使气候因子在烤烟上六片叶生育期重新配置。随着移栽期的后移,上六片叶生长期、成熟期及全生育期>0℃积温、>10℃积温、气温日较差、>20℃天数、最高温>30℃天数整体均呈逐渐降低趋势,上六片烟叶生长期的均温、>20℃积温都以4月25日移栽的处理相对较高;在上六片烟叶成熟期,移栽期于5月5日前对应不同采收期的均温都在25℃以上,而5月15日移栽在采收期延迟12 d时均温最低,为24.6℃。采收期推迟,均温逐渐降低,气温日较差、最高温>30℃天数变化不明显,各积温指标表现为升高趋势,以延迟12d达到最高,其中成熟期>20℃有效积温在不同采收期的变化范围为187.88～313.3℃,5月5日前移栽延迟6～12 d,>20℃有效积温均可达到240℃以上,变化范围为242.48～313.3℃。在上六片烟叶生长过程中,均温、气温日较差、最高温>30℃天数受移栽期的影响大于采收期,积温、>20℃天数则与采收期关系密切,在5月5日之前移栽条件下,延迟采收时均温下降不明显,但积温不断增加。
In order to study the effects of different transplanting and harvesting time on the temperature factors for the development of the upper six leaves in the central tobacco-growing area of Yuzhong, a field experiment with different transplanting and harvesting dates was designed using the tobacco variety Zhongyan100. The aim of this study is to make the climatic factors such as light,temperature and water reconfigured during the growth period of upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves and to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the temperature index of the upper six slices formed in Yuzhong and determine the appropriate transplanting and harvesting time. The results showed that: with the shift of transplanting time, during the upper six leaf growth period, the last six leaf mature period, and the whole growth period, >0 ℃ accumulated temperature, >10 ℃ accumulated temperature, daily temperature range, >20 ℃ days, the highest temperature>30 ℃ days showed a gradual decrease trend. The average temperature of the upper six leaf growing season and the accumulated temperature of >20 ℃ were all relatively higher with the April 25 transplanting treatment. The daily temperature range gradually increased during the last six leaf mature period and the harvest time was postponed. The average temperature gradually decreased. Diurnal temperature difference, the maximum temperature> 30 ℃days did not change significantly. The other meteorological factors as a whole showed an increasing trend. In the process of the growth of the top six leaves, the average temperature, daily temperature range, and the maximum temperature were effected by the transplanting time greater than the harvesting time, and the accumulated temperature, >20 ℃ days was closely related to the harvesting time.
In order to study the effects of different transplanting and harvesting time on the temperature factors for the development of the upper six leaves in the central tobacco-growing area of Yuzhong, a field experiment with different transplanting and harvesting dates was designed using the tobacco variety Zhongyan100. The aim of this study is to make the climatic factors such as light,temperature and water reconfigured during the growth period of upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves and to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the temperature index of the upper six slices formed in Yuzhong and determine the appropriate transplanting and harvesting time. The results showed that: with the shift of transplanting time, during the upper six leaf growth period, the last six leaf mature period, and the whole growth period, >0 ℃ accumulated temperature, >10 ℃ accumulated temperature, daily temperature range, >20 ℃ days, the highest temperature>30 ℃ days showed a gradual decrease trend. The average temperature of the upper six leaf growing season and the accumulated temperature of >20 ℃ were all relatively higher with the April 25 transplanting treatment. The daily temperature range gradually increased during the last six leaf mature period and the harvest time was postponed. The average temperature gradually decreased. Diurnal temperature difference, the maximum temperature> 30 ℃days did not change significantly. The other meteorological factors as a whole showed an increasing trend. In the process of the growth of the top six leaves, the average temperature, daily temperature range, and the maximum temperature were effected by the transplanting time greater than the harvesting time, and the accumulated temperature, >20 ℃ days was closely related to the harvesting time.
引文
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[7]邵丽,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2002(10):40-45.SHAO L,J Y,YANG Y H,et al.Effects of ecological conditions on tobacco yield and quality of different flue-cured tobacco varieties[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2002(10):40-45.
[8]鲁永新,王恩超,张映翠,等.楚雄州烤烟的种植生态区划[J].烟草科技,2009(2):57-60.LU Y X,WANG E C,ZHANG Y C,et al.Planting ecological division of fluecured tobacco in Chuxiong Prefecture[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009(2):57-60.
[9]李进平,高友珍.湖北省烤烟生产的气候分区[J].中国农业气象,2005(4):48-53.LI J P,GAO Y Z.Climate division of flue-cured tobacco production in Hubei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2005(4):48-53.
[10]史宏志,刘国顺.浓香型特色优质烟叶形成的生态基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.SHI H Z,LIU G S.The ecological basis of the characteristics of Luzhou-flavored high-quality tobacco[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[11]张喜峰,张立新,高梅,等.不同移栽期对陕南烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性及经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(4):20-24.ZHANG X F,ZHANG L X,GAO M,et al.Effects of different transplanting periods on nitrogen and potassium contents,photosynthetic characteristics and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco in southern Shaanxi[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2013,34(4):20-24.
[12]陈永明,陈建军,邱妙文.施氮水平和移栽期对烤烟还原糖及烟碱含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2010,31(1):34-36,40.CHEN Y M,CHEN J J,QIU M W.Effects of nitrogen application rate and transplanting date on reducing sugar and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2010,31(1):34-36,40
[13]杨亚,朱列书,朱静娴,等.移栽期对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].作物研究,2011,25(2):179-183.YANG Y,ZHU L S,ZHU J Y,et al.Effect of transplanting Period on growth,development and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Crop Research,2011,25(2):179-183.
[14]盖钧镒T[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:109-110.GAI J Y.Test statistical method[M].Beijing:China Agriculture press,2000:109-110.
[15]郭月清.烤烟栽培技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1992.GUO Y Q.Tobacco cultivation techniques[M].Beijing:Jindun Press,1992.
[16]杨园园,穆文静,史宏志,等.调整烤烟移栽期对各生育阶段气候状况的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(9):47-52.YANG Y Y,MU W J,SHI H Z,et al.Adjusting the influence of transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco on the climate of each growth stage[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(9):47-52.
[17]PENG S Z,WU Y,GUAN Y,et al.Effects of different transplanting and harvesting periods on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(5):1255-1260.
[18]李天福,王彪,杨焕文,等.气象因子与烟叶化学成分及香吃味间的典型相关分析[J].中国烟草学报,2006(1):23-26.LI T F,WANG B,YANG H W,et al.Canonical correlation analysis of meteorological factors and chemical components of tobacco leaves and aroma and taste[J].Chinese Journal of Tobacco Sciences,2006(1):23-26.
[19]蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.成熟度与烟叶质量的量化关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2005,11(4):42-46.CAI X J,WANG X M,YIN Q S.The quantitative relationship between maturity and tobacco quality[J].Chinese Journal of Tobacco Science,2005,11(4):42-46.
[20]李章海,王东胜.不同成熟度烟叶的烤后性状观察[J].中国烟草,1988(2):28-30.LI Z H,WANG D S.Observe the roasted characters of different maturity tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Tobacco.1988(2):28-30.
[21]席元肖,刘阳,李锋,等.不同外观烤烟类胡萝卜素及其降解产物含量的差异分析[J].烟草科技,2012(3):67-74.XI Y X,LIU Y,LI F,et al.Difference analysis of carotenoids and their degradation products in flue-cured tobacco with different appearances[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2012(3):67-74.
[2]鹿莹,梁晓芳,管恩森,等.移栽时间对烤烟光合特性、产量和品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):48-53.LU Y,LIANG X F,GUAN E S,et al.Effect of transplanting time on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2014,35(1):48-53.
[3]胡钟胜,杨春江,施旭,等.烤烟不同移栽期的生育期气象条件和产量品质对比[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(2):66-70.HU Z S,YANG C J,SHI X,et al.Comparison of meteorological conditions,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2012,28(2):66-70.
[4]黄一兰,李文卿,陈顺辉,等.移栽期对烟株生长、各部位烟叶比例及产、质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2001(11):38-40.HUANG Y L,LI W Q,CHEN S H,et al.Effect of transplanting period on the growth of tobacco plants,the ratio of tobacco leaves at various parts,and the yield and quality of tobacco[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2001(11):38-40.
[5]刘德玉,李树峰,罗德华,等.移栽期对烤烟产量、质量和光合特性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2007(3):40-46.LIU D Y,LI S F,LUO D H,et al.Effect of transpla nting period on yield,quality and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Tobacco,2007(3):40-46.
[6]李进平,谢志坚,涂书新,等.烤烟烟碱合成及其氮素来源与移栽期和氮肥的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):714-719.LI J P,XIE Z J,TU S X,et al.Study on the relationship between nicotine synthesis and nitrogen source,transplanting date and nitrogen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2010,16(3):714-719.
[7]邵丽,晋艳,杨宇虹,等.生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2002(10):40-45.SHAO L,J Y,YANG Y H,et al.Effects of ecological conditions on tobacco yield and quality of different flue-cured tobacco varieties[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2002(10):40-45.
[8]鲁永新,王恩超,张映翠,等.楚雄州烤烟的种植生态区划[J].烟草科技,2009(2):57-60.LU Y X,WANG E C,ZHANG Y C,et al.Planting ecological division of fluecured tobacco in Chuxiong Prefecture[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009(2):57-60.
[9]李进平,高友珍.湖北省烤烟生产的气候分区[J].中国农业气象,2005(4):48-53.LI J P,GAO Y Z.Climate division of flue-cured tobacco production in Hubei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2005(4):48-53.
[10]史宏志,刘国顺.浓香型特色优质烟叶形成的生态基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.SHI H Z,LIU G S.The ecological basis of the characteristics of Luzhou-flavored high-quality tobacco[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[11]张喜峰,张立新,高梅,等.不同移栽期对陕南烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性及经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(4):20-24.ZHANG X F,ZHANG L X,GAO M,et al.Effects of different transplanting periods on nitrogen and potassium contents,photosynthetic characteristics and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco in southern Shaanxi[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2013,34(4):20-24.
[12]陈永明,陈建军,邱妙文.施氮水平和移栽期对烤烟还原糖及烟碱含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2010,31(1):34-36,40.CHEN Y M,CHEN J J,QIU M W.Effects of nitrogen application rate and transplanting date on reducing sugar and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2010,31(1):34-36,40
[13]杨亚,朱列书,朱静娴,等.移栽期对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].作物研究,2011,25(2):179-183.YANG Y,ZHU L S,ZHU J Y,et al.Effect of transplanting Period on growth,development and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Crop Research,2011,25(2):179-183.
[14]盖钧镒T[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:109-110.GAI J Y.Test statistical method[M].Beijing:China Agriculture press,2000:109-110.
[15]郭月清.烤烟栽培技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1992.GUO Y Q.Tobacco cultivation techniques[M].Beijing:Jindun Press,1992.
[16]杨园园,穆文静,史宏志,等.调整烤烟移栽期对各生育阶段气候状况的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(9):47-52.YANG Y Y,MU W J,SHI H Z,et al.Adjusting the influence of transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco on the climate of each growth stage[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(9):47-52.
[17]PENG S Z,WU Y,GUAN Y,et al.Effects of different transplanting and harvesting periods on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(5):1255-1260.
[18]李天福,王彪,杨焕文,等.气象因子与烟叶化学成分及香吃味间的典型相关分析[J].中国烟草学报,2006(1):23-26.LI T F,WANG B,YANG H W,et al.Canonical correlation analysis of meteorological factors and chemical components of tobacco leaves and aroma and taste[J].Chinese Journal of Tobacco Sciences,2006(1):23-26.
[19]蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.成熟度与烟叶质量的量化关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2005,11(4):42-46.CAI X J,WANG X M,YIN Q S.The quantitative relationship between maturity and tobacco quality[J].Chinese Journal of Tobacco Science,2005,11(4):42-46.
[20]李章海,王东胜.不同成熟度烟叶的烤后性状观察[J].中国烟草,1988(2):28-30.LI Z H,WANG D S.Observe the roasted characters of different maturity tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Tobacco.1988(2):28-30.
[21]席元肖,刘阳,李锋,等.不同外观烤烟类胡萝卜素及其降解产物含量的差异分析[J].烟草科技,2012(3):67-74.XI Y X,LIU Y,LI F,et al.Difference analysis of carotenoids and their degradation products in flue-cured tobacco with different appearances[J].Tobacco Science and Technology,2012(3):67-74.
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