充气式安全带对后排女性乘员的保护效果
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摘要
研究了充气式安全带对后排乘员的保护效果。采用Madymo软件建立某车型后排女性乘员仿真模型。并将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,以验证仿真模型的准确性。在此模型的基础上,建立充气式安全带仿真模型并分析对后排女性假人的保护效果。从限力等级和预紧器两方面,分析充气式安全带对后排女性假人的保护效果。结果表明:充气式安全带能够很好的约束假人运动,显著降低后排假人各伤害指标以及假人头部与前排座椅的接触风险,其中胸部压缩变形量由34.8 mm降低为29.9 mm。但在充气限力式安全带的基础上添加预紧器,会增大胸部压缩量,不利于乘员保护。
Madymo software was adopted to build a numerical simulation model of a constraint system for rear seat female occupant to investigate the protection effect on rear seat occupant by an airbag-belt. The simulation results were compared with the experiment results to verify the credibility of the simulation model. Based on the numerical simulation model, an airbag-belt simulation model was established to analysis the protective effect on the rear female dummy. The protective effect of the airbag-belt was investigated in the two aspects of force limitation level and pretensioner. The results show that the airbag-belt well restrains the rear seat female dummy, and significantly reduces its damage. The airbag-belt also reduces the contact risk between the female dummy's head and the front seat, and the thorax compression is reduced from 34.8 mm to 29.9 mm. However,the pretensioner, which was added to the airbag-belt, increases the chest compression and is not good for occupant protection.
Madymo software was adopted to build a numerical simulation model of a constraint system for rear seat female occupant to investigate the protection effect on rear seat occupant by an airbag-belt. The simulation results were compared with the experiment results to verify the credibility of the simulation model. Based on the numerical simulation model, an airbag-belt simulation model was established to analysis the protective effect on the rear female dummy. The protective effect of the airbag-belt was investigated in the two aspects of force limitation level and pretensioner. The results show that the airbag-belt well restrains the rear seat female dummy, and significantly reduces its damage. The airbag-belt also reduces the contact risk between the female dummy's head and the front seat, and the thorax compression is reduced from 34.8 mm to 29.9 mm. However,the pretensioner, which was added to the airbag-belt, increases the chest compression and is not good for occupant protection.
引文
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[2]Forman J,Michaelson J,Kent R,et al.Occupant restraint in the rear seat:ATD responses to standard and pretensioning,force-limiting belt restraints[C]//Annu Adva in Automotive Medicine,Annu Sci Conf.Asso Adva Automotive Med,2008,52:141.
[3]Kent R,Forman J,Parent D,et al.Rear seat occupant protection in frontal crashes and its feasibility[C]//20th Int’l Conf Enha Safe Vehi,2007:18-21.
[4]胡远志,黄杰,刘西,等.某车型正面碰撞后排乘员伤害的仿真优化[J].科学技术与工程,2015,7(15):259-264,275.HU Yuanzhi,HUANG Jie,LIU Xi,et al.The optimization of occupant injury in rear row of a vehicle in frontal collision[J].Sci Tech and Engineering,2015,7(15):259-264,275.(in Chinese)
[5]Forman J L,Lopez-Valdes F J,Dennis N,et al.An inflatable belt system in the rear seat occupant environment:Investigating feasibility and benefit in frontal impact sled tests with a 50(th)percentile male ATD[J].Ann Adv Automot Med,2010,54:111-126.
[6]Forman J,Michaelson J,Kent R,et al.Occupant restraint in the rear seat:ATD responses to standard and pretensioning,force-limiting belt restraints[C]//Ann Adv Automotive Med,Annu Sci Conf.Asso Adva Automotive Med,2008,52:141.
[7]李月明,韩刚,刘卫国,等.后排座椅下潜对假人伤害的影响及其改进[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2013,4(1):23-26.LI Yueming,HAN Gang,LIU Weiguo,et al.Effect of rear-seat submarine on dummy injury and it’s optimization[J].Automotive Safety and Energy,2013,4(01):23-26.(in Chinese)
[8]张绍卫,杜亮,刘意,等.正面碰撞第二排女性假人伤害影响因素研究[J].上海汽车,2012(2):58-62.ZHANG Shaowei,DU Liang,LIU Yi,et al.Research of the influential factors of the 2nd row female dummy in front impact[J].Shanghai Auto,2012(2):58-62.(in Chinese)
[9]洪亮,葛如海.轿车碰撞中新型前排安全座椅对后排乘员保护效果的研究[J].汽车工程,2016,10(38):1206-1212.HONG Liang,GE Ruhai.A research on the protection effects of new front safety seat for rear-row occupant in car collision[J].Automotive Engineering,2016,10(38):1206-1212.(in Chinese)
[10]中国汽车技术研究中心.C-NCAP管理规则(2018版)[S/OL].天津:中国汽车技术研究中心,(2017-04-20).http://www.c-ncap.org/cms/files/cncap-regulation-2018.pdf.China Automotive Technology and Research Center.C-NCAP Management Regulation(2018 edition)[S/OL].Tianjin:China Automotive Technology and Research Center.(2017-04-20).http://www.c-ncap.org/cms/files/cncap-regulation-2018.pdf.(in Chinese)
[11]马悦.乘用车正面碰撞后排乘员力学响应分析与约束系统优化设计[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.MA Yue.The rear seat occupant’s mechanical response analysis and occupant restraint system design of passenger car in frontal crash[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese)
[12]孙振东,刘玉光.汽车正面碰撞试验中后排乘员伤害特性的研究[J].汽车工程,2011,33(8):664-668.SUN Zhendong,LIU Yuguang.Astudy on the injury characteristics of rear seat occupant in vehicle frontal crash test[J].Automotive Engineering,2011,33(8):664-668.(in Chinese)
[13]卢放,张君媛,马悦,等.正面碰撞后排假人颈部力学响应分析与应用[J].汽车工程,2016,38(7):828-834.LU Fang,ZHANG Junyuan,MA Yue,et al.The analysis and application of the neck mechanical response of rear seat dummy in frontal crash[J].Automotive Engineering,2016,38(7):828-834.(in Chinese)
[14]谢力哲.乘用车5_th_(5百分位)乘员伤害机理研究及新型约束系统设计[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.XIE Lizhe.The 5th%ile(5th percentile)occupant’s injury mechanism study and new occupant restraint system design of passenger car[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese)